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  1. title Beginners FAQ

<<Include(Tag/NeedsExpansion)>> The intention of the page is to gather well-written answers to frequent questions from the Absolute Beginners Forum in an orderly fashion. Suggestions are welcomed at Feature Requests The Ubuntu Documentation Team has also looked into creating a FAQ section, you can see their initial list of Common Questions on this pdf document. Also see UbuntuHelp:CommonQuestions.

Forums FAQ

Installing Ubuntu

  • Where to get Ubuntu ?.
  • download mirrors.
  • Minimal|installation.
  • Minimal|installation ISO.
  • Which version of Ubuntu should I use ?
  • Versions of Ubuntu are released every 6 months named by year.month and a "code name".
  • Releases
  • Support. LTS = Long Term Support.
  • Length|of Support
  • First you should know your architecture (type of CPU).
  • Architectures.
  • Next select a window manager.
  • Ubuntu = Gnome.
  • Kubuntu = KDE.
  • Xubuntu = XFCE.
  • You may add additional window managers after installation.
  • Will Ubuntu run on my computer ?
  • Hardware|compatibility list.
  • System|requirements.
  • Should I use 64 bit ?
  • If you have a 64 bit processor you should use the AMD (64 bit) version of Ubuntu.
  • Advantages/Disadvantages of 64 bit version of Ubuntu.
  • What is the difference between the Desktop / Server / and alternate CD's ?
  • The "Desktop" CD is a "live CD" and boots Ubuntu without changing your hard drive. Use the desktop CD to test your hardware. To install Ubuntu click on the "install" icon on the desktop.
  • The "Alternate" CD is a install CD (no "live" desktop) and is used if the Desktop fails. In addition the Alternate CD allows "advanced" features such as a minimal install, LVM, RAID, and encryption.
  • The "Server" CD is also a installation CD and will set up LAMP. The server installation comes with no GUI (Graphical Interface).
  • *Most* dedicated Linux servers are managed either by editing configuration files (which are in plain text) or via Web based graphical interfaces (thus a GUI is not needed).
  • You may install server software (apache, ssh, ftp, etc) on a Desktop or add a graphical interface to a server after installation.
  • The "Minimal" CD is a minimal command line installation. It installs the base operating system and package manager with no GUI. This CD is not recommended for users with slow internet connections.
  • How to burn the ISO - see BurningIsoHowto .
  • How to boot the live CD.
  • Simply place the Ubuntu CD into your DVD/CDROM and reboot.
  • You may need to set your BIOS to boot from DVD/CDROM (this varies by BIOS, hit Ecs, F2, F8, etc during the initial boot process).

Trouble|booting from CD ?.

  • How to install Ubuntu.
  • First back up your data.
  • Next, set up your partitions.
  • If you do not understand how to partition your hard drive :
  • Ubuntu Forums ~ Basic Partitioning.
  • Plan Partitions by aysiu.
  • Help on Partitioning by Herman.
  • You can use gparted to make space for Ubuntu. Gparted is included on the desktop CD.
  • Gparted Online Manual
  • If you are resizing a Windows partition :
  • Defragment the partition (from Windows) first.
  • If you are using Vista, use the Vista tools Vista Partition Management.
  • Alternately you can use gparted (IMO Gparted does a better job, although there may be more "risk" of data loss): Resize using Gparted.
  • The "standard" method is to use the desktop CD.
  • Graphical|installation guide.
  • Install from Alternate CD.
  • Additional|installation options (network, no-cd).
  • Low|Memory Systems.
  • Onto a second Hard drive or USB.
  • In general this is not a problem as long as booting to a USB device is supported from your BIOS. GRUB is used to boot your computer and should allow you to select which operating system you want to boot. In general you should install GRUB into the MBR of your first hard drive (this is the default behavior of the installer). If you know what you are doing, feel free to install GRUB elsewhere.
  • If your BIOS does not support booting to an external USB device you may have great difficulty.
  • Wubi ~ Wubi allows you to install and uninstall Ubuntu as any other Windows application, in a simple and safe way. Place your Ubuntu CD into your CD ROM and follow the directions on the pop-up menu.
  • ~|Wubi Guide.
  • How to remove Windows - see UbuntuHelp:HowToRemoveWindows (note: Rocket completely rewrote the page, may need some minor adjustments).
  • How to remove Ubuntu.
  • Remove Ubuntu / restore Windows.
  • Remove|Wubi.

Configuration

Multimedia

Gnome vs KDE

  • Which one do I use ?
  • Use whichever you like. You can switch desktop environments easily in Ubuntu.
  • If I use Ubuntu, can I use KDE/Xfce programs?
  • Yes you may need to install additional libraries and dependencies, but you can use a KDE/Xce in ubuntu. The package manager will install these dependencies and libraries automatically.
  • How can I try an alternate ?
  • Install Gnome by installing the "ubuntu-desktop" package
  • Install Kde by installing the "kubuntu-desktop" package
  • Install Xfce by installing the "xubuntu-desktop" package
  • Install other window managers or desktop environments by installing the appropriate meta package or packages as recommended by the developer.

Security

Install additional software

Server

  • UbuntuHelp:ServerGUI
  • How to add a GUI
  • "sudo aptitude install ubuntu-desktop" will install the gnome based graphical desktop and applications package. The kubuntu-desktop package will install KDE and the xubuntu-desktop package will install Xfce.
  • You may install other desktop managers manually.
  • LAMP
  • Samba
  • "sudo tasksel install samba-server" will install Samba and configure your computer as a Samba file server.
  • Secure FTP (vsfpt vs proftp)
  • Want to replace a Windows server ...

Command line skills

  • Intro to BASH / commands
  • How can I copy abc to xyz (usually backup / restore).
  • You can use the 'cp' command to copy/backup/restore things. For example if you wanted to backup your fstab file you would use the command 'sudo cp /etc/fstab /etc/fstab.old' the 'cp' command is prefixed with 'sudo' because you need root privileges to edit a file that is in a folder owned by root. If you wanted to restore the fstab file you would reverse the command 'sudo cp /etc/fstab.old /etc/fstab' As you can see the syntax for a 'cp' command is sudo(if needed) cp /path/to/file (space) /path/to/where/the/file/is/copied/to.
  • Bash scripts

Virtualization

取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=UbuntuHelp:Beginners/FAQ&oldid=92176”