“UbuntuHelp:NetworkPrintingWithUbuntu”的版本间的差异

2010年5月19日 (三) 23:44的最新版本

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https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkPrintingWithUbuntu

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Overview

Ubuntu supports network printing, so you can print from either your Ubuntu machine or a Windows machine etc, to another Ubuntu machine that has a printer attached (ie a "print server"). This page covers these scenarios only. This page does not cover printing from Ubuntu to a printer attached to a Windows machine, ie a Windows print server. The WindowsXPPrinter page addresses this.

Background

Ubuntu uses the Common UNIX Printing System ("CUPS") to handle printing. CUPS uses the Internet Printing Protocol ("IPP") as the basis for managing print jobs and queues. The Line Printer Daemon ("LPD") Server Message Block ("SMB"), and AppSocket (a.k.a. JetDirect) protocols are also supported with reduced functionality. This page describes network printing with CUPS and IPP. CUPS printer configuration and management is handled by the Printer Admin utility launched from the Gnome menu - System -> Administration -> Printing. In addition CUPS provides command-line commands that are similar to old Berkley and SystemV print commands such as lpq, lpstat etc. Also IPP provides web services so after you have configured CUPS appropriately, you can access the printers and jobs via your web browser. When a locally attached printer is defined, eg using the Printer Admin utility, that printer is automatically published from this "print server" host to the network, depending on the server directives in the CUPS configuration file. A remote Ubuntu "client" host can then be able to see and use the printer attached to the server. The network printer automatically appears in the client's Printer Admin utility. It simply pops up if CUPS is up and configured correctly and disappears if you stop CUPS at either the Print Server or your local machine.

Ubuntu 9.04

Printer sharing in Ubuntu 9.04 Jaunty is a very similar process as in previous versions, but some of the front-end wording for options has been changed.

Ubuntu Print Server

The Print Server is the Ubuntu computer that is directly connected to the printers.

1. On the server machine (the one the printer is attached to) open up printer manager with by going to System in the top toolbar panel, then Administration and Printing. This will open the Printer Configuration window.
2. Select Server in the menu bar, and then Settings.
3. This will open the Basic Server Settings window. If this computer only serves as a Print Server and does not need access to a printer connected to another computer select the second box.

• Publish shared printers connected to this server

If this computer acts as both a Print Server and a client (it does need access to a printer connected to another computer), select the first two boxes

• Show printers shared by other systems
• Publish shared printers connected to this system

1. Select the OK button.
2. Right click on the printer you want to share and select properties
3. Click on Policies.
4. Check the Shared box then click Apply and OK.

Ubuntu Client Computer

The Client Computer is the Ubuntu computer that is not directly connected to the printer, but is connected to the same network as the Print Server. If both computers are receiving an internet connection from the same router then these two computers are networked.

1. Enter the same menu

Systems > Administration > Printing Server > Settings

1. If this computer only acts as a Client (it has no printers attached that need to be shared), select the first box.

• Show printers shared by other systems

If this computer acts as both a Client and a Server select the first two boxes.

• Show printers shared by other systems
• Publish shared printers connected to this server

1. Select the OK button.

In a few seconds the Printer Configuration window will update and icons for the printer/s attached to the Server will be shown.

Ubuntu 7.10

Printer sharing in Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy is very simple. It no longer requires manual editing of config files. I will assume there is a working printer installed and printing on the Ubuntu computer that will be used as the print server.

Ubuntu Print Server

1. On the server machine (the one the printer is attached to) open up printer manager with

sudo system-config-printer
    

Or System->Administration->Printing.

1. Under Server Settings check, i.e, turn on, the Share published printers connected to this system.
2. Click on the Apply button;

If the ubuntu print server has a dynamic ip, you can solve it by replacing the numbers in the ipp address with the network name. On a local network, you can add the ".local" suffix, for example if your server is called "newton":

       ipp://newton.local
    

Ubuntu Client Machine

Now on the client(s) (the one that you want to link to the shared printer that is in server machine): 1.Open up the printer manager System->Administration->Printing Or open the Terminal:

sudo system-config-printer
    

2.Under the Server Settings check the Show Printers shared by others systems option.

1. Click on the Apply button;

Then you can open any document, and try to print it. It should appear in the printer dialogs box the name of the shared Printer.

Ubuntu 7.04

Printer sharing in Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty is very simple. It no longer requires manual editing of config files. I will assume there is a working printer installed and printing on the Ubuntu computer that will be used as the print server.

Ubuntu Print Server

1. On the server machine (the one the printer is attached to) open up printer manager with

sudo gnome-cups-manager
    

or System->Administration->Printing.

1. Under Global Settings click on the share printers.

Ubuntu Client Machine

Now on the client(s) open up the printer manager System->Administration->Printing and under the Global Settings check the Detect LAN Printers option.Then go to Printer->Add Printer check the Network Printer option and in the area marked URI write something like ipp://192.168.0.1/printers/<name of printer> where 192.168.0.1 is your servers ip address and <name of printer> is the name you gave the printer when you set it up (usually the model of the printer). Click Next and select the brand,model, and driver just like you did when setting up the printer on the server. Click Next and fill in the name and description like on the server's printer then click Next. There you should now have a networked printer.

WindowsXP Client Machine

1. Open the Control Panel
2. Click Printers and Faxes
3. Click Add a Printer
4. On the first page of the Add Printer Wizard, click Next
5. Choose Add a network Printer
6. Choose Connect to a printer on the internet and type http://SERVER_NAME:631/printers/PRINTER_NAME in the text box and then click next
7. On the next screen, Choose the correct driver for your printer
8. Click ok to finish
9. Right click the printer, choose properties, and then try to print a test page

Ubuntu 6.10

Printer sharing in Edgy is fairly simple ,although it does require opening one .conf file.I will assume there is a working printer connected and printing.

Ubuntu Print Server

First on the server machine (the one the printer is attached to) open up printer manager with gnome-cups-manager or System->Administration->Printing.Under Global Settings click on the share printers. Next we must edit the cups config file like this sudo vim /etc/cups/cupsd.conf You will probably see a section like this:

 # Only listen for connections from the local machine.
 Listen localhost:631
 Listen /var/run/cups/cups.sock
 

Add this line to it: Listen 192.168.0.1:631 Assuming 192.168.0.1 is your servers ip address. Restart cups with sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

Ubuntu Client Machine

Now on the client(s) open up the printer manager System->Administration->Printing and under the Global Settings check the Detect LAN Printers option.Then go to Printer->Add Printer check the Network Printer option and in the area marked URI write something like ipp://192.168.0.1/printers/<name of printer> where 192.168.0.1 is your servers ip address and <name of printer> is the name you gave the printer when you set it up usually the model of the printer.Click Next and select the brand,model, and driver just like you did when setting up the printer on the server.Click Next and fill in the name and description like on the server's printer then click Next. There you should now have a networked printer.

Ubuntu 5.10

... print from one Ubuntu desktop ("client") machine to another Ubuntu ("print server") machine that has a printer connected to it. Currently, with Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) you need to make changes with an editor to the CUPS configuration file /etc/cups/cupsd.conf for network printing to work. The following are complete working replacement examples that work for a Print Server and for a Client Machine.

Ubuntu Print Server

This is the machine that has a printer attached to it, that you want to send print jobs to.

1. Add a local printer definition, using the Printer Admin utility (Gnome menu System -> Administration -> Printing).
2. Reconfigure the CUPS server

Cups Server: /etc/cups/cupsd.conf This file is based on that supplied with Ubuntu 5.10. Comment lines have been removed. Copy it onto your system.

    # /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
    # Simple CUPS configuration file for a print server
    # which serves printers within a private local area network.
    # - There is no need for additional security within the print server, ie only authorises people can access the machine.

    # This setup also allows access to the CUPS "Administrative tasks" system
    # via your web browser to http://localhost:631
    # File based on Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) (Linux version 2.6.12-10-386)
    # Server Directives are explained in http://localhost:631/sam.html

    # 25/04/2006
    # [email protected]

    ConfigFilePerm 0600
    LogLevel info
    Printcap /var/run/cups/printcap
    RunAsUser Yes
    Port 631
    Include cupsd-browsing.conf
    BrowseAddress @LOCAL
    BrowseAddress 10.0.0.0/8
    BrowseAddress 172.16.0.0/12
    BrowseAddress 192.168.0.0/16

    <Location />
    AuthType None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny From All
    Allow From @LOCAL
    Allow From 10.0.0.0/8
    Allow From 172.16.0.0/12
    Allow From 192.168.0.0/16
    </Location>

    <Location /jobs>
    AuthType None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny From All
    Allow From @LOCAL
    Allow From 10.0.0.0/8
    Allow From 172.16.0.0/12
    Allow From 192.168.0.0/16
    </Location>

    <Location /printers>
    AuthType None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny From All
    Allow From @LOCAL
    Allow From 10.0.0.0/8
    Allow From 172.16.0.0/12
    Allow From 192.168.0.0/16
    </Location>

    <Location /admin>
    AuthType None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny From All
    Allow From @LOCAL
    Allow From 10.0.0.0/8
    Allow From 172.16.0.0/12
    Allow From 192.168.0.0/16
    </Location>
    

• This config file should be altered if security within your local network is an issue for you. E.g. if you use a poorly-secured wireless network, this could allow access to anyone nearby.
• Change the network addresses if you are part of a different network, eg on the real internet, and remove unnecessary ones.
• This config allows you to use a web browser to manage CUPS, eg set up printers, manage jobs, via "http://PRINTSERVERNAME:631/".

1. Restart CUPS

After changing this file, restart CUPS by running ...

      sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

or use the Services tool under Gnome menu System -> Administration. After CUPS is restarted the printers will immediately be found automatically by machines that are set up as per the next sections.

Ubuntu Client Machine

This is the machine you want to work on and send print jobs from.

1. Reconfigure CUPS

CUPS Client: /etc/cups/cupsd.conf Use the following file. Its features are contained in its comments.

    # /etc/cups/cupsd.conf
    # Simple CUPS configuration file for a pure client machine:
    # which has:
    # - no printers of its own, (or any local printers will not be shared?)
    # - no need for security within the machine, ie a personal workstation
    # - a network connection to a local network, where it will find CUPS-controlled printer servers

    # This setup also allows access to the "Administrative tasks" system at
    # http://localhost:631
    # File based on Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) (Linux version 2.6.12-10-386)
    # Server Directives are explained in http://localhost:631/sam.html

    # 25/04/2006
    # [email protected]

    ConfigFilePerm 0600
    LogLevel info
    Printcap /var/run/cups/printcap
    RunAsUser Yes
    ### Listen fails. Use Port
    #Listen 127.0.0.1:631
    #Listen 10.0.0.0/8:631
    #Listen 128.0.0.0/16:631
    #Listen 192.168.0.0/24:631
    Port 631

    ### Which print servers to use
    Include cupsd-browsing.conf
    BrowseOrder deny,allow
    BrowseDeny from All
    BrowseAllow from @LOCAL
    BrowseAllow from 10.0.0.0/8
    BrowseAllow from 172.16.0.0/12
    BrowseAllow from 192.168.0.0/16

    <Location />
    AuthType None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny From All
    Allow From @LOCAL
    </Location>

    <Location /jobs>
    AuthType None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny From All
    Allow From @LOCAL
    </Location>

    <Location /printers>
    AuthType None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny From All
    Allow From @LOCAL
    </Location>

    <Location /admin>
    AuthType None
    Order Deny,Allow
    Deny From All
    Allow From @LOCAL
    </Location>
    

1. Restart CUPS

      sudo /etc/init.d/cupsys restart

or use the Services tool under Gnome menu System -> Administration. After CUPS is restarted, the printers on file servers, (eg, set up in the Print Servers section above) will be found automatically by your machine. They will pop up in your "Printers" screen. This might take up to 30 seconds though.th If you want your machine to print to printers on other Ubuntu hosts, and also to be a print server for other machines, you need to create a combination of the above two cupsd.conf files.

Windows Client Machine

Add the printer to the Windows client by using the Windows "Add Printer" Wizard. Type in the following in the printer URL:

    http://PRINTSERVERNAME:631/printers/PRINTERNAME

• PRINTSERVERNAME is the name or ip address of the print server,
• PRINTERNAME is the name given to the printer on the print server.

Common Problems

1. Print jobs stay on the client machine and do not print.

Run the command

     lpstat -p -d

If it reports something like ...

printer HP-OfficeJet-D155 is idle.  enabled since Jan 01 00:00
        Network host 'alice' is busy; will retry in 30 seconds...

or it reports something like ...

printer [email protected] is idle.  enabled since Jan 01 00:00
        Unable to get printer status (client-error-forbidden)!
system default destination: [email protected]

... your client computer cannot obtain printer information from the server. In either case use the "/etc/cups/cupsd.conf" files as above and restart CUPS.

This info is current for Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

Troubleshooting

Bypassing firewall. If there is an firewall either on print server or the client side, there might appear a communications problem. Use this command to update the firewall to get through.

iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 631 -j ACCEPT

• This rule is used for IPP only. If you're using other protocol, such as SAMBA, you have to adapt.
• You might need to use this rule on both sides (server & client) if the firewall is being used on both of them.
• To apply this rule after each start/restart of the system, use /etc/rc.local .