Xgl-ati

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原文出处：http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=739758 出处:http://forum.ubuntu.org.cn/about10178.html

原文作者：

授权许可：创作共用协议Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 GNU自由文档许可证

翻译人员：leeangle

校对人员：spider5

贡献者：

适用版本：Dapper 文章状态：等待校正

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How To ： 如何在Dappper、Gnome和ATI显卡环境下“简单”安装Xgl/compiz

许多人早已为这个工作做出了贡献，其中的杰出者如terrax, JoWilly, 和 poofyhairguy等，而我仅仅是把这些零碎的信息收集了起来，组成一个完整的“How to”。

1. 设置好你的xorg.conf文件。主流论坛上会有大量相关的帖子，会比我在这里说的更加明确。按照相关的帖子设置好，并注意一下ATI显卡的特殊之处。

请明确一点， 无论如何，这里的指南仅仅是为那些使用着ATI 私有驱动(“fglrx”)的人们而写的。我们主要要设置好你的xorg.conf文件。如果你在使用“ati”驱动，则那些步骤将不起作用。如果你在使用的是“radeon”驱动，则理论上说，是可能的（radeon—在目前看来—是为ATI公司相对低端的显卡，特别是 9000／9200／9250，所开发的开源驱动程序）...但是我无法使其在我的一台使用着9200显卡的低端PC上面正常工作。无论哪种驱动，都被发现有着早被发现的／相当严重的bug，所以我们需要做下列工作：

<#0000FF>proprietary在论坛上大家普遍用"私有"一词，个人觉得"专用"这个提法更恰当

确信你的显卡加速功能真的被打开了，安装好最新的驱动后，尝试在终端里头输入fglrxinfo并回车，看看你得到了什么。如果它提及“ATI”，太棒了！如果它提示的是“Mesa”，那么你还没有正确的安装好你的驱动（看看你的xorg.conf）。

• • 如果是ATI的显卡，则不要在xorg.conf中启用 composite功能，xgl不需要它。

2. 安装Dapper发布中的universe库中的全部新的东西，这里头就包含了xserver-xgl,compiz, libgl1-mesa, libgl1-mesa-dri, libglitz1, libglitz-glx1 以及相关的从属包。

3. 修改 /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom。这个文件的大部分内容都不需要修改，主要去查找[servers]字段：

[servers]
# Override display 1 to use Xgl (DISPLAY 1 IMPORTANT FOR ATI FGLRX).
1=Xgl

[server-Xgl]
name=Xgl server
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :1 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:pbuffer
flexible=true

4. 修改/etc/gdm/gdm.conf 来改变你的显示效果：

#0=Standard
1=Standard

• • 你也许已经注意到，在第三步和第四步中我们都在使用Display 1而不是Display 0，这是因为当前ATI私有显卡驱动的一个bug，故用这种变通办法。

<#0000FF>leeangle大概用的划词搜索吧 B) workaround : 变通方法， 迂回办法， 替代方案，应对措施

5. 另外一个驱动的bug……这次是视频部分的，是一个xv相关的bug，所以我们需要打开“gstreamer-properties”并告诉它不要在播放视频的时候使用xv（这个的操作和打开“多媒体系统选择器”一样）

6. 修改你的会话（“系统”->“首选项”->“会话”），并增加下两项：

gnome-window-decorator (must be on top, start first)
compiz --replace gconf

7. 打开gconf-editor并且找到"apps/compiz/general/all screens/options"，并按照下列顺序调整"plugins"：

gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place menu switcher

顺序一定不能错，因为它们之间有互相依赖关系。如果您已经用以前的deb包运行过compiz了——比如从battlehorse下载的，或者你自己已经手动改过了 ——那么这是相当重要的一步，因为它们很可能被安置为一个错误的顺序了。绝大多数人都缺少一些插件，或者缺少一些类似于“alt-switch”的东西，将发现他们需要修正这些错误并重头来过。

<#0000FF>alt-switch 疑指alt功能键

8. 为了绕开<Shift>和<Backspace>产生的问题，一旦登录，请在终端里输入如下命令：

xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.<language>

这里的<language>指的是你的国家代码。以美国为例，它将是：

xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us

一旦一切东西都能正常的跑起来了，这将是一个compiz给你的一个使用这些有趣的东西的命令的附录： http://en.opensuse.org/Compiz

这就是我所能作到的最简单的了……祝你好运！

一些要点：

• • • • 你在这里将可以找到你的显卡的驱动的好地方： http://en.opensuse.org/Xgl
      • 也许你将需要一个9800甚至更好的显卡了
      • 一些情况表明，移动办公用户（笔记本）将会遇到一些问题
      • 最新的compiz包好像有个bug，它没有把gconf文件中的一些设置设置合适。一个可能的变通办法是安装compiz的battlehorse v1包，并升级到最新的universe版本。

更新: 我刚刚得到了些关于某些低端Radeon显卡比如9600se的小提示

1) sudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf 2) 将光标移到第198行并将 GdmXserverTimeout=10 替换成 GdmXserverTimeout=50

<tablewidth="100%" #FF8080>英文原文

Install Xgl/compiz with Dapper, ATI, Gnome

Many people have contributed to this, some more than others as I've picked up the pieces I needed to make this work from through-out these forums. But, in particular: terrax, JoWilly, and poofyhairguy

1. Get your xorg.conf setup properly. The main thread has more than enough information on this. Follow it paying attention to the ATI differences that are well noted.

Just to be clear however, these instructions are targeted for those people using the ATI Proprietary Driver ("fglrx"). This is configured in your xorg.conf. If you're using "ati" that's not going to work for you. If you're using "radeon" then this is theoretically possible (radeon is the OSS driver targeted more - for now - for your lower end Radeon cards, in particular the 9000/9200/9250)... but I wasn't able to get it to work with my lower end PC that uses the 9200. In both cases, there are known/outstanding bugs with both sets of drivers that require work arounds described below.

To make sure you are "accelerated", running with the new driver, try typing fglrxinfo in a terminal and see what you get. If it talks about ATI then awesome... if it talks about Mesa, you still don't have your driver setup properly (xorg.conf).

• • For ATI do not enable composite in xorg.conf, xgl does not need it.

2. Install all the new stuff from the Dapper universe repository... this includes xserver-xgl, compiz, libgl1-mesa, libgl1-mesa-dri, libglitz1, libglitz-glx1 and any dependencies.

3. Modify /etc/gdm/gdm.conf-custom - For most this file is generally full of empty stubs. Look for the one called [servers] and do this:

[servers]
# Override display 1 to use Xgl (DISPLAY 1 IMPORTANT FOR ATI FGLRX).
1=Xgl

[server-Xgl]
name=Xgl server
command=/usr/bin/Xgl :1 -fullscreen -ac -accel glx:pbuffer -accel xv:pbuffer
flexible=true

4. Modify /etc/gdm/gdm.conf to change your display:

#0=Standard
1=Standard

• • You may have noticed in both steps 3 and 4 that we're using Display 1 instead of 0... this is due to a bug in the current proprietary ATI driver and this is the workaround.

5. Another bug in the driver... And for video, there is a bug with xv, so we want to start "gstreamer-properties" and tell it not to use xv for video. (This is the same as starting "Multimedia Systems Selector", a Preferences application that is currently hidden in your menu system)

6. Modify your session ("Menu System" -> "Preferences" -> "Sessions") by adding in the following two items:

gnome-window-decorator (must be on top, start first)
compiz --replace gconf

7. Start gconf-editor and go to "apps/compiz/general/all screens/options", and adjust "plugins" in the following order:

gconf decoration wobbly fade minimize cube rotate zoom scale move resize place menu switcher

It MUST be in this order as there are dependencies between them. If you've already been playing with this from earlier debs - maybe from battlehorse, or maybe you rolled your own - this is an important step because it's very likely in the wrong order. Most people that are missing certain plugins or are missing things like "alt-switch" will find they need to correct this and restart.

8. To get around the problem with <Shift> and <Backspace> enter this in your terminal whenever you login:

xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.<language>

where <language> refers to your country's code. For the US, it would be:

xmodmap /usr/share/xmodmap/xmodmap.us

Once everything is running along happily, this is a good appendix for the commands for using the nifty stuff compiz gives you: http://en.opensuse.org/Compiz

That's about as easy as I can make it. Good luck.

Some Issues

• • • • This is a wonderful resource for looking into your video card/driver: http://en.opensuse.org/Xgl
      • It appears that you might need a 9800 or better ATI right now.
      • It appears there may be problems with Mobility users (laptops)
      • The latest compiz package may have a bug that doesn't put the necessary gconf settings in place. One possible work-around is to install the battlehorse v1 deb for compiz, then update to the universe deb.

UPDATES: I just got this tip for slightly lower end Radeon's like this user's 9600se:

1) sudo gedit /etc/gdm/gdm.conf 2) Go to line 198 and change: GdmXserverTimeout=10 to GdmXserverTimeout=50

http://www.ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=739758

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