UbuntuHelp:Japanese Input and Fonts in Ubuntu 7.10
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HOWTO: Installing Japanese that looks nice on Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy): 日本語 Installing Japanese Input and Superior Font Setup in Ubuntu
目录
Introduction
This is a guide to setting up Japanese for Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon. It is intended as a complete guide encompassing all elements required for using Japanese on any language installation of Ubuntu. It covers input (UIM-Anthy) and configuring the Japanese fonts. There are other guides around for older versions of Ubuntu or that use the alternative SCIM. Please note that Kubuntu requires slightly different steps; follow the relevant wiki page accordingly. This is an updated version based on the original 7.04 one, but with some sections changed. Please note that if you follow this guide, your fonts will be reconfigured. This might mean losing some font settings you may have made.
Issues Involved
There are two main issues here: 1.Installing the UIM input system that will work in a locale other than converting your whole install to Japanese, i.e. you want Japanese input in an English login. 2.The fonts look initially terrible. Therefore a certain amount of customization is required to make all the kanji render in the same style, and hiragana and katakana to render in a non-handwriting style.
Japanese Input with UIM
This section covers setting up the Japanese input system using UIM-Anthy. This involves, downloading, installing and configuring it so that you can use it in non-Japanese locales (e.g. your system is in English).
Setting Up Repositories
First make sure you have the needed software sources enabled in order to be able to download the relevant packages. In the Repositories tab in the Synaptic Package Manager, make sure the multiverse and universe repositories are checked. Furthermore, you need to add the Japanese repository. This is easiest done by manually appending the source to the repositories list file.
Open it up in a text editor by running the following command in a terminal, or in a run box (Alt+F2).gksudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
Add the following line at the bottom.
deb http://archive.ubuntulinux.jp/ubuntu-ja gutsy/
Note that you will need to change 'gutsy' if you are using a different release than 7.10. Now refresh your package list, either by choosing Refresh in Synaptic, or by entering the following in a terminal.
sudo apt-get update
At this stage, you will probably get an error saying that the repository is not validated. The following step will correct it.
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-ja-keyring
Adding Ubuntu Language Support
Go to System / Administration / Language Support and select Japanese. This should install the basics.
Installing UIM
Although the default input method SCIM will have been automatically installed when you installed Ubuntu, there are still certain bugs which mean that it will not function correctly in all applications, specifically non-GTK (Gnome) ones. For this reason we will install UIM. This alternative provides the same input converter (Anthy) as SCIM did, but also provides a much more stable and compatible back end.
- NOTE: This is, at the very least, no longer true in later releases. A properly configured xinput.d file will enable SCIM input in any and all applications.
To install the packages needed for UIM, enter the following in a terminal.
sudo apt-get install uim uim-anthy uim-common uim-gtk2.0 uim-qt uim-xim
As long as you have followed the above steps (including switching on Japanese language support), all that is left now is to set up UIM.
Making UIM available under a non-Japanese login
If you're running a non-Japanese locale, you will have to take certain steps to make the UIM input system available.
sudo im-switch -s uim-systray
This will change the input system over to UIM. At this point you will need to restart X, such as by rebooting, or logging out and hitting Ctrl+Alt+Backspace. When you have once more logged back in, there should be an icon in the system tray, in the panel at the top of your screen (by default). To verify that it is working, open a text editor such as gedit.
gedit
The icons now displayed in the UIM bar will allow you to select different input methods. The first one should be clicked on and set to 'Anthy'; this is the Japanese input system. The second one allows you to choose between character types - holding shift and hitting space will allow you to toggle between these.
- NOTE: You might want to set Anthy as your default input method. You can do this in the UIM preferences window by clicking on the spanner and screwdriver icon in the UIM bar.
Setting up the system to display Japanese characters properly
If you find that the Japanese characters aren't displayed well, there are a few steps you can take to improve their looks. Do note that you need the Japanese repository enabled to fetch some of the packages mentioned later. See the steps earlier in this wiki entry on how to add it.
Downloading Repository Fonts
Install the needed font packages by entering the following in a terminal. Not all of these are free software.
sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts ttf-dejavu ipafont ipamonafont ttf-arphic-ukai ttf-arphic-uming
This will install the Microsoft core fonts and a number of other useful fonts, specifically ones that support Japanese unicode characters.
Suggested External Fonts
Commonly installed fonts are MS Gothic and MS Mincho, fonts initially bought by Microsoft from a company named Ricoh. These are freely available on the web, though they aren't free per se. They can be found at the following page. http://www.linux.ryukent.co.uk/show.php?id=24 Extracting them into the fonts directory requires root privileges, and is arguably easiest done using the Nautilus file explorer. Enter the following in a terminal or a run box.
gksudo nautilus --browser &
That will give you a browser with the right privileges. Extract the .ttf font files from the downloaded archive into the default fonts directory at /usr/share/fonts/truetype, preferably in a subdirectory to it to make things more sorted.
Rebuilding the font cache
Now we need to rebuild the fonts cache. Enter the following in a terminal.
sudo fc-cache -fv
Setting up the font order
At this point you should have functioning Japanese input with your selection of available fonts, though you will notice that they aren't necessarily the ones used to display Japanese characters by default. You can set up the order of fonts in which any given character is displayed. Meaning, if a character doesn't exist in the first font, it will go down the list until it can be displayed. The reasoning is to put a good-looking normal font first in that order, and then add fonts which are likely to have more unicode characters, such as Japanese or unicode fonts. Open the ".fonts.conf" file in your home directory in a text editor. It may or may not already exist.
gedit ~/.fonts.conf
Paste the following contents into it and save the file.
<?xml version="1.0"?> <fontconfig> <alias> <family>serif</family> <prefer> <family>Times New Roman</family> <family>ＭＳ 明朝</family> <family>IPAPMincho</family> <family>Sazanami Mincho</family> <family>Kochi Mincho</family> <family>DejaVu Serif</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family> <family>Thorndale AMT</family> <family>Luxi Serif</family> <family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family> <family>Times</family> <family>Frank Ruehl</family> <family>MgOpen Canonica</family> <family>AR PL SungtiL GB</family> <family>AR PL Mingti2L Big5</family> <family>FreeSerif</family> <family>Baekmuk Batang</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>sans-serif</family> <prefer> <family>Verdana</family> <family>ＭＳ ゴシック</family> <family>IPAPGothic</family> <family>Sazanami Gothic</family> <family>Kochi Gothic</family> <family>DejaVu Sans</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family> <family>Arial</family> <family>Albany AMT</family> <family>Luxi Sans</family> <family>Nimbus Sans L</family> <family>Helvetica</family> <family>Nachlieli</family> <family>MgOpen Moderna</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM Big5</family> <family>FreeSans</family> <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family> <family>SimSun</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>monospace</family> <prefer> <family>Courier New</family> <family>ＭＳ ゴシック</family> <family>IPAGothic</family> <family>Sazanami Gothic</family> <family>Kochi Gothic</family> <family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family> <family>Andale Mono</family> <family>Cumberland AMT</family> <family>Luxi Mono</family> <family>Nimbus Mono L</family> <family>Courier</family> <family>Miriam Mono</family> <family>FreeMono</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family> <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family> </prefer> </alias> <match target="font" > <edit mode="assign" name="embeddedbitmap" > <bool>false</bool> </edit> </match> </fontconfig>
Close and reopen any application to see the effects apply. Feel free to move font entries around to find a custom setup that fits you the best. If you find that more complex character like most kanji are blurry and hard to read, change the value of "embeddedbitmap" from false to true. There are many more font options you can set in your .fonts.conf file, but they are outside the scope of this wiki entry.
