UbuntuHelp:Japanese Input and Fonts in Kubuntu 8.10 using SKIM
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Installing Japanese Input and Superior Font Setup in Kubuntu Discuss this page
目录
Introduction
This is a guide to setting up Japanese for Kubuntu 8.10 Intrepid. It is intended as a complete guide encompassing all elements required for using Japanese on any language installation of Kubuntu. It covers input (SKIM-Anthy) and configuring the Japanese fonts. There are other guides around for older versions of Kubuntu or Ubuntu or that use the alternatives, some of which no longer work. This guide is intended to cover everything. Please note that Ubuntu requires slightly different steps. Please follow the relevant page accordingly. This is an updated version based on the original 6.10 (Ubuntu) one, but with some sections changed. Please note that if you follow this guide, your fonts will be reconfigured. This might mean losing some font settings you may have made. With each version of Kubuntu, there are certain changes, this guide is not the same as the 8.04 version.
Issues Involved
There are two main issues here: 1.Installing the SKIM input system that will work in a locale other than converting your whole install to Japanese, i.e. you want Japanese input in an English login. 2.The fonts look initially terrible. Therefore a certain amount of customisation is required to make all the Kanji's render in the same style and Hiragana & Katakana to render in a matching style.
Japanese Input with SKIM
This section covers setting up the Japanese input system using SKIM Anthy. This involves, downloading, installing and configuring it so that you can use it in non-Japanese locales (e.g. your system is in English).
Setting Up Repositories
First lets make sure you have the correct repositories installed in order to automatically download the relevant packs. Make sure you have the Universe and Multiverse repositories switched on. This can be done in 'Adept Package Manager' under the sources tab. Also, you need the Japanese repository too. Open the repositories list file:
kdesudo kate /etc/apt/sources.list
Add the following line at the bottom:
deb http://archive.ubuntulinux.jp/ubuntu-ja intrepid/
Note that you will need to change 'intrepid' if you are using a different version from 8.10. Now update your repos with:
sudo apt-get update
At this stage, you will probably get an error saying that the repository is not validated. Ignore this for now. The following step will correct it. After adding the repository and running the update, you also need to add a keyring for the new location:
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-ja-keyring
Adding Kbuntu Language Support
Go into System Settings / Regional & Language. Click on the 'Install New Language' button, then select Japanese. Kubuntu will download some packages for you. Click on 'Select System Language' and make sure that your native language is selected (e.g. English). Also make you've also turned on support for inputting complex characters. Click on 'Add Language' and select your native language (e.g. English). DO NOT ADD JAPANESE. If you do it will start converting your menus and other things into Japanese too. You cannot at time of writing demote Japanese to secondary language. You don't need Japanese here for other things to work properly. This should install the basics.
Making SKIM available under a non-Japanese login
Now you want to make SCIM (Language input system) available in your English (or other language) login and not just the Japanese one. Since the introduction of KDE 4, things have changed a bit. Open the Konsole and type:
im-switch -s skim
Now go into System Settings / Advanced / Autostart. Click on 'Add Program'. When prompted, just type 'skim' and click OK. This will instruct KDE to run SKIM at startup. Save any changes. Now you need to configure SKIM-SCIM to run correctly under KDE.
kate ~/.scim/global
Add the lines:
/DefaultConfigModule = kconfig /DefaultPanelProgram = /usr/bin/scim-panel-kde /SupportedUnicodeLocales = en_US.UTF-8,en_GB.UTF-8
The above line adds support for US and UK locales. If you are using a different locale, you will need to change / add the relevant locale. You can find out the name of your current locale by entering:
locale
In my case (UK) it returns LANG=en_GB.UTF-8. Add the necessary to the above line. IMPORTANT NOTE: SCIM is very unforgiving with this line. Note that there is NO SPACE between the "," and "en_GB". If you put a space there, it will ignore everything after. Therefore make sure the following locales are separated by a comma only. At this stage you'll probably need to log out and back in again. Open a text editor and hit ctrl+space. SKIM should pop up ready to type in Japanese.
Adding handwriting recognition support for looking up Kanjis
Sadly at the time of writing there is no 64-bit package for Tomoe available in the repositories yet. We wait in hope. 32-bit one works fine though. After adding the above repository, you should be able to install the 'Tomoe' handwriting recognition addon for scim (which runs in SKIM) using:
sudo apt-get install scim-tomoe
Unfortunately, Tomoe is set to load dictionaries that correspond to the locale, so if you're not using a Japanese locale, you'll need to create a link to the dictionary manually.
cd /usr/share/tomoe/recognizer sudo cp handwriting-ja.xml handwriting-en.xml
Where 'en' corresponds to your locale type. In my case (en_GB.UTF- it is 'en'. For you, it might be different. You can look it up as mentioned above. Now that Tomoe is installed, it is accessible on the SCIM menu under the 'SCIM Command Menu' and listed as 'Handwriting recognition'. But in KDE, under SKIM, we don't have access to that menu. We can instead right click on the SKIM icon in the system tray and select 'Handwriting recognition'
Setting up the system to display Japanese characters properly
OK, now you've got Japanese input installed (hopefully). It might require rebooting xwindows (CTRL+ALT+Backspace). But for me, I really didn't like the horrible fonts that defaulted. Particularly the fact that hiragana / katakana characters are rendered differently from kanjis and the poor quality of smaller sizes annoys me. The main reason for this is that the fonts provided do not always have a full set of kanjis, with default settings the kanjis are rendered as bitmaps and the hiragana and katakana as vectors. At lower font sizes, it would be impossible to render all the strokes in very complicated characters without blurring and this causes a readability problem. This can be overcome with bitmap alternatives at a low end. Certain strokes are omitted and the shape is actually changed in order to improve readability. It's not simply a case of rendering the same vector in a smaller size. Some true type fonts contain bitmap alternatives that can be automatically substituted at the low end. This is a common approach and is adopted by Windows, MacOS and other electronic devices in Asia such as mobile phones. Here's the next step.
Downloading External Fonts
Unfortunately, I am very disappointed in the Kubuntu selection and you will almost certainly want this to be changed to MSGothic and MSMincho. They contain a superior vector and bitmap selection. These are Microsoft fonts, but they are freely available to use and are actually from a company called Ricoh. They need to be downloaded and installed manually. They can be found at the following page. http://www.linux.ryukent.co.uk/show.php?id=24 So download and extract the files and you need to copy them into the fonts directory. This will need root privileges.
sudo mkdir /usr/share/fonts/truetype/msjapanesefonts
Make sure you're in the directory where the unzipped files are sitting, then run
sudo cp MSGOTHIC.TTF /usr/share/fonts/truetype/msjapanesefonts/ sudo cp MSMINCHO.TTF /usr/share/fonts/truetype/msjapanesefonts/
Rebuilding the font cache
Now we need to rebuild the fonts cache:
sudo fc-cache -f -v
Setting up the font order
OK, so that might well be enough, but I think you'll probably still have your Japanese fonts not running at optimum and the default might be a little ugly. Lets set up the order in which we like the fonts to be selected. Open the “.fonts.conf” file in your home directory:
kate ~/.fonts.conf
It should read as follows:
<?xml version="1.0"?> <fontconfig> <alias> <family>serif</family> <prefer> <family>DejaVu Serif</family> <family>Times New Roman</family> <family>ＭＳ 明朝</family> <family>IPAPMincho</family> <family>Sazanami Mincho</family> <family>Kochi Mincho</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Serif</family> <family>Thorndale AMT</family> <family>Luxi Serif</family> <family>Nimbus Roman No9 L</family> <family>Times</family> <family>Frank Ruehl</family> <family>MgOpen Canonica</family> <family>AR PL SungtiL GB</family> <family>AR PL Mingti2L Big5</family> <family>FreeSerif</family> <family>Baekmuk Batang</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>sans-serif</family> <prefer> <family>DejaVu Sans</family> <family>Verdana</family> <family>ＭＳ ゴシック</family> <family>IPAPGothic</family> <family>Sazanami Gothic</family> <family>Kochi Gothic</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Sans</family> <family>Arial</family> <family>Albany AMT</family> <family>Luxi Sans</family> <family>Nimbus Sans L</family> <family>Helvetica</family> <family>Nachlieli</family> <family>MgOpen Moderna</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM Big5</family> <family>FreeSans</family> <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family> <family>SimSun</family> </prefer> </alias> <alias> <family>monospace</family> <prefer> <family>DejaVu Sans Mono</family> <family>Courier New</family> <family>ＭＳ ゴシック</family> <family>IPAGothic</family> <family>Sazanami Gothic</family> <family>Kochi Gothic</family> <family>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</family> <family>Andale Mono</family> <family>Cumberland AMT</family> <family>Luxi Mono</family> <family>Nimbus Mono L</family> <family>Courier</family> <family>Miriam Mono</family> <family>FreeMono</family> <family>AR PL KaitiM GB</family> <family>Baekmuk Dotum</family> </prefer> </alias> <match target="font" > <edit mode="assign" name="embeddedbitmap" > <bool>true</bool> </edit> </match> </fontconfig>
So, save the file and reboot xwindows (CTLR+ALT+Backspace). Now with any luck the order of fonts should have been updated so that the default Japanese type face is actually a clean one first and foremost instead of the ugly first serving. Also it enables the built in bitmap font which can really make kanjis more readable and also enables the bitmap version of hiragana and katakana so that they don't look blurry anti-aliased next to clear bitmap kanjis. For most people this setting will be fine. If you're not happy, by all means leave out the embeddedbitmap setting or change it to false. To finish things off, I'd suggest making sure in System Settings / Appearance / Fonts, you've got anti-aliasing enabled with subpixel smoothing on and hinting set to 'full'.
