UbuntuHelp:HebrewLocalizationHowto
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目录
- 1 HebrewLocalizationHowto
- 2 Hebrew Localization HOWTO
HebrewLocalizationHowto
Draft. Feel free to change and correct.
(2005/01/08) added console fonts and key bindings to the howto.
(2007/09/20) updated gaim to gaim/pidgin + made content clearer.
Hebrew Localization HOWTO
- This document briefly describes what a typical Hebrew user should do to make his Ubuntu hebrew speaking. Main topics: hebrew pakcages, locales, layout switching, reading Hebrew filesystems, console and X fonts, Hebrew ICQ.*
Needed Packages
Enable universe repository (see UniversePackages, or manually edit */etc/apt/sources.list*). For msttcorefonts (Microsoft TrueType core fonts), which are required in order to view Hebrew in some Microsoft-format documents, add "multiverse" to your sources list. Follow the instructions for adding UniversePackages above but add "multiverse" in addition to "universe". Open a terminal and install some packages: Hebrew fonts: X fonts, the culmus fonts, msttcorefonts (MS Windows fonts)
sudo apt-get install culmus xfonts-efont-unicode xfonts-efont-unicode-ib xfonts-intl-european msttcorefonts
OPTIONAL Packages: Openoffice.org Hebrew support
sudo apt-get install openoffice.org-l10n-he
Hebrew standalone spell checker
sudo apt-get install hspell hspell-gui
Hebrew support for Emacs
sudo apt-get install emacs-intl-fonts
Hebrew support for KOffice
sudo apt-get install koffice-i18n-he
Set Hebrew locale
Navigate to "System"-->"Administration"-->"Language Support". Mark "Hebrew" as your desired language, and choose to "Apply" the changes. This will install neccessary locale data as well as do any configuration needed to put the new locale into effect. After you finish it's recommended you log out and re log in to GNOME to have the new locale settings take effect.
Reading filesystems with Hebrew
You may have Windows partitions you want to access, and to do so, you will have to mount them. AutomaticallyMountPartitions explains how to auto-mount such partitions on startup. However, if you used Hebrew filenames on these partitions, you will have to add the following lines to the configuration file discussed in AutomaticallyMountPartitions instead of the lines stated:
For FAT Partitions
/dev/hdaX /mnt/foo vfat umask=0111,dmask=0,codepage=862,iocharset=iso8859-8,rw,users 0 0
For NTFS Partitions (Windows 2000 and Windows XP partitions)
/dev/hdaY /mnt/bar ntfs umask=0333,dmask=0,nls=iso8859-8,ro,users 0 0
- hdaX* and *hdaY* refer to the location of the Windows partition (AutomaticallyMountPartitions eplains how to find this out). */mnt/foo* and */mnt/bar* refer to the directories in which the partitions will be mounted (this is also explained in AutomaticallyMountPartitions.
CD-ROMS, floppies, etc.
Type in the terminal window:
gksudo gedit /etc/fstab
and add *iocharset=iso8859-8* to the CD-ROM/floppy options.
Note:
To find out where are your partitions located and what filesystem is in use type *sudo fdisk -l* in the terminal.
Opening windows partitions for write access
The above mentioned opens up your partitions for read access only. Enabling write access to windows partitions is done by a driver called ntfs-3g. There are two steps required to install it for Hebrew users:
- Installing it, using the instructions found here.
- Adding the "locale" option in the fstab, as explained the in the ntfs-3g FAQ.
Hebrew in the console
NOTE These are bindings for the console (virtual terminals) - not for Hebrew in X terminals. To use Hebrew fonts in the console you'll have to edit */etc/console-tools/config* file. Make sure these lines appear in the file:
SCREEN_FONT=iso08.f16 APP_CHARSET_MAP=iso08
You may also use *iso08.f14* or *iso08.f08* as your screen fonts (the second number represents font height). A font can be tested from a console with
consolechars -f <screen_font> -m <charset_map>
See *man consolechars* for more details. Keymap bindings are usually configured automaticaly. They can be changed with
sudo dpkg-reconfigure console-data
The common hebrew binding is il-Heb (not Standard!).
Hebrew fonts in X Terminals and Emacs
NOTE: This is already available out of the box in breezy and dapper. No setup is needed.
To enable hebrew fonts in XTerm and Emacs you'll have to edit *~/.Xresources*. Add these lines:
*VT100*font: -etl-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-c-80-iso8859-8 Emacs*font: -etl-fixed-medium-r-normal--16-160-72-72-c-80-iso8859-8
Note:
You may choose different fonts with *xfontsel*, just make sure they end with "iso8859-8".
Hebrew keyboard in Gnome
To add Hebrew keyboard to gnome: In your menu: Computer -> Desktop Preferences -> Keyboard:
- in Layouts: add "Israeli".
- in Layout Options: in "Group Shift/Lock behavior" choose which keys will switch to hebrew and back.
Restarting Gnome may be necessary. Add keyboard indicator to your panel: on a panel -> Add to panel... -> Keyboard Indicator.
Hebrew ICQ Support in Gaim/Pidgin and GnomeICU
In Gaim (or Pidgin): Under Accounts >> Add/Edit, Open to your ICQ profile settings, and in "Show more options" or "Advanced" tab set Encoding to "ISO-8859-8". In GnomeICU: Under preferences choose "ISO-8859-8" as default encoding.
Hebrew Gnome
In the login screen, "Hebrew" may be chosen as the language in which menus will be displayed. Unfortunately, some menus aren't translated to Hebrew yet.
Hebrew Subtitles in MPlayer
1. Install the "Tahoma" font (if you already installed the "msttcorefonts" package, then you don't need this part)
cd /usr/share/fonts/truetype sudo mkdir ttf-win32 cd ttf-win32 sudo cp /mnt/hda1/windows/Fonts/tahoma* . #(or wherever your tahoma font is at) sudo fc-cache -v
2. make a symbolic link to tahoma.ttf in ~/.mplayer:
cd ~/.mplayer ln -s /usr/share/fonts/truetype/ttf-win32/tahoma.ttf subfont.ttf
Note: If you installed msttcorefonts, then the tahoma.ttf file might somewhere else, to find where it is run:
find /usr/share/fonts/truetype -iname 'tahoma.ttf'
3. add these two lines to ~/.mplayer/config:
subfont-encoding="ISO8859-8" font="Tahoma"
