Quick HOWTO : Ch10 : Windows, Linux, and Samba/zh

文章出处:

{{#if: | {{{2}}} | http://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ch10_:_Windows%2C_Linux%2C_and_Samba }}

翻译人员:

spin，JuneAugust

校对人员:

Dgww

点击翻译:

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介绍

Samba 是一个允许将linux 的文件以及其它资源（例如打印机）共享给Windows 的软件套装。本章介绍如何使 Linux 成为Windows 主域名服务器 (PDC) 或者 Windows 工作组服务器。两种配置都允许用户:

• their own logins on all the home windows boxes while having their files on the Linux box appear to be located on a new Windows drive
• 使用 linux 上的共享打印机
• 访问 linux 用户组所共享的文件

域成员和工作组成员有什么区别呢，详细的描述超出本章的内容，但是这个简单的解释已经足够了:

• 一个域服务器把所有的登陆信息存储到自己的数据库上。这允许每个用户在网络的所有电脑上采用同样的用户名和密码登陆。
• 在 Windows 工作组中, 每台电脑都把用户名和密码存储在本地所以对于每台电脑用唯一的用户名和密码。

本章只包括最流行的域服务器设置方法。默认方式下，Samba 几乎模拟 Windows 域服务器所有用来共享文件的方式。当你设置 Samba 时，linux 本身的功能完全保留。Samba 域和 linux 共享同样的用户名，所以你可以采用linux 的密码来登陆基于 samba 的域并且立即获得你的 linux 用户的主目录下的权限。为了增加安全性，你可以为Samba 和 linux 设置不同的密码。

Samba 启动后每当有客户请求时，Samba 的守护程序读取配置文件 /etc/samba/smb.conf 来决定如何处理。你可以用文本编辑器或者基于 Web 的 SWAT 软件来设置配置文件。用 SWAT 设置相对简单些，但是如果你先用文本编辑器创建 /etc/samba/smb.conf 再用 SWAT 来编辑的时候，之前文本编辑器添加的所有注释都将丢失。下面介绍如何使用SWAT和文本模式编辑器来配置 Samba。

注意事项：鉴于smb.conf 文件经常被访问修改，因此如果你不使用SWAT的话，你最好保存一份这个文件的拷贝。当完成修改以后，使用第12章“Samba的安全性和调试”中所述的 testparm 工具来验证修改的正确性。如果满意你的修改，就将修改后的文件拷贝到原来的位置。

下载和安装

大多数RedHat和Fedora linux软件都是采用RPM格式的。下载和安装RPM软件包并不难，可以参考第6章"安装Linux软件"(那里涉及到具体的操作细节）

Samba由一系列的RPM软件包组成，可以在Fedora安装CD中找到。这些文件包括

• samba
• samba-common
• samba-client
• samba-swat

当你搜索这些文件的时候，记住这些RPM软件包的名字通常带有一系列的数字，比如samba-client-3.0.0-15.i386.

启动Samba

• 你可以使用chkconfig命令使Samba在系统启动时启动

[root@bigboy tmp]# chkconfig smb on

• 你也可以在启动后运行如下的smb初始化脚本来启动/停止/重启Samba

[root@bigboy tmp]# service smb start
[root@bigboy tmp]# service smb stop
[root@bigboy tmp]# service smb restart

注意事项：和其它Linux软件不同的是，在修改Samba配置文件后无需重启Samba，因为Samba当每次客户端请求时都读取配置文件。

• 你可以使用pgrep命令来测试smb进程是否在运行，然后你将得到一个进程号

[root@bigboy tmp]# pgrep smb

Samba配置文件

 /etc/samba/smb.conf是你需要修改的主要配置文件，它分为五部分如表10-1所示

表10-1 文件格式 - smb.conf

小节	描述
[global]	全局 配置参数
[printers]	关于打印机的配置
[homes]	用户登录方式
[netlogon]	用户登录脚本（默认不配置）
[profile]	域名登陆信息，包括收藏夹和桌面图标（默认不配置）

你可以手动修改配置文件或者使用SWAT软件的web界面修改。

用SWAT使Samba配置更简单

SWAT是Samba基于web的配置管理工具，它可以方便你配置而不用记忆所有的文件格式。每个SWAT的屏幕实际上是一张表，它复盖了smb.conf文件中独立的一个节。为了方便使用，每个参数表个都有相应的在线帮助。图10-1展示了SWAT的主登陆界面。

图 10-1 Samba SWAT 主菜单

安装SWAT

你必须时刻记住SWAT编辑smb.conf文件但是你之前手动输入任何注释都将被丢掉。原始的smb.conf文件中有很多有用的注释，你应该在使用SWAT以前保留一个备份以供参考。例如，你可以把原始文件存为/etc/samba/smb.conf.original如

[root@bigboy tmp]# cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original

可以看出，使用SWAT需要有一些对于smb.conf文件中参数的理解因为它删除了那些注释。请在使用SWAT前熟悉配置文件中的大部分重要选项。

SWAT不会加密你的登录密码。因为这可能是一个安全性的考虑，在环境中你可能会创建一个Samba管理者使其没有根用户权限或者仅仅赋予其从图形终端或者localhost来控制SWAT的权力。

启用和停用以及开始和停止SWAT都是由xinted通过配置文件/etc/xinted.d/swat来控制的，具体细节察看第六章, "[[Quick HOWTO : Ch16 : Telnet, TFTP, and xinetd|Telnet, TFTP, and xinetd" 。下面是一个配置文件的示例

service swat
{

port = 901
socket_type = stream
protocol = tcp
wait = no
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/swat
log_on_failure += USERID
disable = no
only_from = localhost

}

这个文件的格式相当容易理解，特别是那里只有两项。

• 参数disable必须设置为no用来接受连接。后面会看到，
• 这个选项可以自动的在yes和no之间切换。

默认配置只允许用户使用root从901端口并且在VGA终端登入。这意味着你必须在你的浏览器上输入"http://127.0.0.1:901" 来登入SWAT管理界面。

你可以给SWAT配置文件中的only_from参数中增加IP地址来允许从这个地址访问SWAT。这里是一个例子，其中仅允许来自192.168.1.3和本地机器的访问。注意在各个项之间没有逗号。

only_from = localhost 192.168.1.3

这时候你可以从ip地址为192.168.1.3的计算机上通过连接"http://192.168.1.100:901"来配置ip地址为192.168.1.100的Samba linux服务器bigboy。

注意大部分防火墙都不允许通过端口901的TCP链接。你可以调整你的防火墙策略来允许这个链接。

控制 SWAT

如所有受xinetd控制的应用程序一样，chkconfig命令会根据配置文件中的设置自动停止相应的应用或者激活已经进行的改变。

当SWAT可以使用前，控制它的SWAT程序必须提前激活。你可以在启动后利用xinetd初始化脚本启动/停止/重启动xineted，如下：

[root@bigboy tmp]# service xinetd start
[root@bigboy tmp]# service xinetd stop
[root@bigboy tmp]# service xinetd restart

正如大部分linux系统程序，你可以使用chkconfig命令配置xinetd在系统启动时启动：

[root@bigboy tmp]# chkconfig xinetd on

激活SWAT:

[root@bigboy tmp] chkconfig swat on

停止SWAT:

[root@bigboy tmp] chkconfig swat off

加密 SWAT

By default SWAT is configured via an unencrypted web link using the Linux root account. When running SWAT in the unsecured mode above you should take the added precaution of using it from the Linux console whenever possible.

You can configure SWAT to work only with securely encrypted HTTP (HTTPS) versus the regular HTTP method shown above. Here is how it's done. (Please refer to the VPN section of Appendix I, "Miscellaneous Linux Topics," for more details on encryption methods.)

创建stunnel用户

你可以通过useradd命令来创建一个stunnel用户：

[root@smallfry tmp]# useradd stunnel

创建授权

From the /usr/share/ssl/certs directory and create the encryption key certificate using the make command. Use all the defaults when prompted, but make sure you use the server's IP address when prompted for your server's Common Name or hostname.

[root@bigboy tmp]# cd /usr/share/ssl/certs
[root@bigboy certs]# make stunnel.pem
...
Common Name (eg, your name or your server's hostname) []: 172.16.1.200
...
[root@bigboy certs]#

Note: The resulting certificate has only a 365 day lifetime. Remember to repeat this process next year.

更改授权文件的访问权限

授权应该只允许root和stunnel用户读。可以使用chmod和chgrp命令来更改权限。

[root@bigboy certs]# chmod 640 stunnel.pem
[root@bigboy certs]# chgrp stunnel stunnel.pem

[root@bigboy certs]# ll /usr/share/ssl/certs
-rw-r----- 1 root stunnel 1991 Jul 31 21:50 stunnel.pem
[root@bigboy certs]#

创建配置文件/etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf

You can configure the stunnel application to:

• Intercept encrypted SSL traffic received on any TCP port
  * Decrypt this traffic
  * Funnel the unencrypted data to any application listening on another port.

For example, you can configure the /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf file to intercept SSL traffic on the SWAT port 901 and funnel it decrypted to a SWAT daemon running on port 902. Here's how:

1. Configure stunnel to run as user "stunnel" placing temporary
   # files in the /home/stunnel/ directory
   chroot = /home/stunnel/
   pid = /stunnel.pid
   setuid = stunnel
   setgid = stunnel
   
   # Log all stunnel messages to /var/log/messages
   debug = 7
   output = /var/log/messages

1. Define where the SSL certificates can be found.
   client = no
   cert = /usr/share/ssl/certs/stunnel.pem
   key = /usr/share/ssl/certs/stunnel.pem

1. Accept SSL connections on port 901 and funnel it to
   # port 902 for swat.
   [swat]
   accept = 901
   connect = 902

创建一个新的/etc/xinetd.d文件用于加强SWAT安全性

To start, 复制一个swat 文件并命名为swat-stunnel. We then configure the new file to be enabled, listening on port 902 and accepting connections only from localhost. We also make sure that the service is set to swat-stunnel.

[root@bigboy certs]# cd /etc/xinetd.d
[root@bigboy xinetd.d]# cp swat swat-stunnel

Your new swat-stunnel file should look like this:

service swat-stunnel
{
port = 902
socket_type = stream
wait = no
only_from = 127.0.0.1
user = root
server = /usr/sbin/swat
log_on_failure += USERID
disable = no
bind = 127.0.0.1
}

在文件/etc/xinetd.d/swat中停止SWAT

The stunnel daemon actually intercepts port 901 traffic on behalf of swat-stunnel. You'll need to disable SWAT to prevent a conflict.

编辑/etc/services文件创建一个SWAT安全登陆项

The xinetd daemon searches /etc/services file for ports and services that match those listed in each configuration file in the /etc/xinetd.d directory. If the daemon doesn't find a match it ignores the configuration file.

We now have to edit /etc/services to include our new swat-stunnel file like this.

swat-stunnel 902/tcp # Samba Web Administration Tool (Stunnel)

激活swat-stunnel

You can then start the new swat-stunnel application with the chkconfig command. You'll also need to shutdown regular swat beforehand.

[root@bigboy xinetd.d]# chkconfig swat off
[root@bigboy xinetd.d]# chkconfig swat-stunnel on

启动stunnel

Now start stunnel for the encryption to take place.

[root@bigboy xinetd.d]# stunnel

In Fedora Core 2 you may get a cryptonet error when starting stunnel as in:

Unable to open "/dev/cryptonet"

This is caused by an incompatibility with the hwcrypto RPM used for hardware-, not software-based encryption. You need to uninstall hwcrypto to get stunnel to work correctly.

[root@bigboy xinetd.d]# rpm -e hwcrypto

You will then have to stop stunnel, restart xinetd and start stunnel again. After this, stunnel should begin to function correctly. Unfortunately stunnel doesn't have a startup script in the /etc/init.d directory and needs to be terminated manually using the pkill command.

[root@bigboy xinetd.d]# pkill stunnel
[root@bigboy xinetd.d]# stunnel

测试SWAT安全性

Your Samba server should now be listening on both port 901 and 902 as shown by the netstat -an command that follows. The server will accept remote connections on port 901 only.

[root@bigboy xinetd.d]# netstat -an
...
...
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:901 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.:902 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN
...
...
[root@bigboy xinetd.d]#

测试SWAT的安全登陆

Point your browser to the Samba server to make an HTTPS connection on port 901.

https://server-ip-address:901/

You will be prompted for the Linux root user username and password. There will be a delay of about 60 to 75 seconds with each login.

调试SWAT安全性

Sometimes you'll make mistakes in the stunnel.conf file but changes to this file take effect only after stunnel has been restarted. Unfortunately, there is no stunnel script in the /etc/init.d directory to easily stop and restart it. You have to use the pkill command to stop it and the stunnel command to start it again:

[root@bigboy tmp]# pkill stunnel ; stunnel

Make sure the file permissions and ownership on the stunnel.pem file are correct and that SWAT is always permanently off, but swat-stunnel is permanently on.

You can also refer to Chapter 4, "Simple Network Troubleshooting", to isolate connectivity issues between the SWAT client and Samba server on TCP port 901 amongst other things.

如何使SWAT设置立即生效

当你通过web图形界面执行改变后，SWAT能立即使这些改变生效。

创建一个启动配置文件

现在，我将演示如何给一个小型网络配置一个Samba服务器。你需要编辑smb.conf文件中的各个小节，所以我将带你浏览各个小节。

[Global]小节

[global]小节负责Samba的一般设定。表10-2解释了为了创建一个主域名服务器需要设置的各种参数。

表 10-2 : smb.conf 最简单的设置, "Global" 小节

参数	值	描述
domain logons	Yes	告诉Samba成为一个主域名服务器
preferred master	Yes	使主域名服务器保存网络上所有的windows服务器、客户端以及打印机的名字。当你需要“浏览”本地网络来寻找资源时非常有用。 Also known as a local master browser.
domain master	Yes	Tells Samba to become the master browser across multiple networks all over the domain. The local master browsers register themselves with the domain master to learn about resources on other networks.
os level	65	当Samba服务器和Windows服务器商议哪个成为主域名服务器时，这个选项决定优先权。65通常能使Samba服务器获胜。
wins support	Yes	允许Samba服务器为网络提供名字解析服务。也就是说追踪所有的域服务器和客户端的ip。
time server	Yes	使samba服务器为域的客户端提供时间更新服务。
workgroup	"homenet"	要创建的Windows域的名字。可以由你自己选择，这里我决定使用homenet。
security	user	使域登陆的申请查询Samba服务器上的samba密码数据库。

下面是如何通过SWAT来进行设置.

1. 登入SWAT，点击 [global]小节.
2. 点击Advanced按钮查看更多选项
3. 进行设置完成後点击Commit Changes按钮。
4. 当你完成後，你的smb.conf 文件将自动记录这些改变。 你可以登陆到samba服务器上通过命令“cat /etc/samba/smb.conf”来查看验证刚才所做的改变。

[global]

workgroup = HOMENET

time server = Yes domain logons = Yes os level = 65 preferred master = Yes domain master = Yes

Note:''''security = user 和WINS support = yes 是Samba的默认配置，即使你在SWAT中看到了它们，它们可能不会出现在smb.conf文件中。

使用SWAT向导

SWAT有一个向导按钮（Wizard)可以用来快速的配置一个主域名服务器。然而默认的可能不是你最喜欢的，比如默认的域是MYGROUP，还有上面[global]参数将会被设置为auto。

[homes]小节

给Samba域中增加一个新用户需要你在samba主域名服务器上创建一个linux用户。当你登陆到samba主域名服务器后，你将看到一个新的盘，一般命名为Z:,把这个盘增加到你的电脑中。这是一个虚拟的盘用来把linux主域名服务器上的用户登录目录映射到你的电脑目录。

Samba认为所有共享目录都能赋予不同程度的安全性。[homes]小节部分负责处理默认的登录目录。

表 10-3 解释了需要创建一个能起作用的[homes]小节的最简单设置。

表 10-3 : smb.conf 最简单的设置, "Home" 小节

参数	值	描述
browseable	No	不允许其它人访问目录下的内容
read only	No	允许samba用户向Samba linux目录下写内容。
create mask	0644	使新用户新创建的文件具有权限"0644"。你或许想把这个改为“0600”使登陆的用户具有这个文件的所属权限。
directory mask	0755	使新创建的子目录具有“0755”的权限。你或许想把这个改为“0700”使用户拥有对这个目录的权限。

下面是如何使用SWAT来改变相应的参数值:

1. 点击SWAT的shares按钮进入到共享目录的配置。
2. 点击Advanced按钮查看更多选项。
3. 选择主目录。
4. 修改完成后点击Commit Changes按钮。
5. 你的smb.conf file将记录这些改变。你可以登陆到samba服务器通过命令行“cat /etc/samba/smb.conf"来查看和验证所做的修改。

[homes]

read only = No browseable = No create mask = 0644 directory mask = 0755

[netlogon]和[profiles]共享部分的小节

[netlogon]共享小节包含了windows客户端登陆到域中的信息。[profiles]共享小节保存了关于windows用户感受到的信息，比如个人爱好和桌面图标，以保证所有的登陆入域的windows电脑能够有同样的设定。

当你设定好后，你的smb.conf文件将看起来是这样的：

[netlogon]

path = /home/samba/netlogon guest ok = Yes

[profiles]

path = /home/samba/profiles

read only = No create mask = 0600 directory mask = 0700</pre>

下面是通过SWAT来设定：

点击Shares按钮

创建一个［netlogon]共享

修改路径和guest ok设定

点击Commit Changes按钮

创建一个［profiles]共享小节

修改路径以及存取权限码还有read only设置。存取权限码设置为只允许netlogon子目录的拥有者修改其内容

点击Commit Changes按钮

记住从命令行创建这些共享目录

[root@bigboy tmp]# mkdir -p /home/samba/netlogon

[root@bigboy tmp]# mkdir -p /home/samba/profile [root@bigboy tmp]# chmod -R 0755 /home/samba

[printers]小节

Samba has special shares just for printers, and these are configured in the [printers] section of SWAT. There is also a share under [printers] called printers which governs common printer settings. Print shares always have the printable parameter set to yes. The default smb.conf [printers] share section looks like this:

[printers]

comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba printable = Yes browseable = No

特定群组成员共享权限的设定

The default Samba Version 3 smb.conf file you saved at the beginning of this exercise has many varied examples that you may use and apply to your particular environment.

You can find the steps for creating a simple shared directory for home users in Chapter 11, "Sharing Resources with Samba".

Samba的密码

You should be aware that your Linux password and Samba passwords are stored in two different locations. This provides the Samba administer the flexibility of allowing only some of the Linux users to have Samba accounts.

Use the passwd command to change Linux passwords, which are stored in the /etc/shadow file. Samba passwords are stored in the /etc/samba/smbpasswd file and can be changed smbpasswd command.

This difference is important, as you will see throughout the chapter.

如何创建一个Samba主域名服务器管理员帐户

To do both SWAT and user administration with Samba you'll need to create administrator accounts on the Samba PDC Linux server.

主服务器

By default, the root user is the Samba administrator, and SWAT requires you to use the Linux root password to be used. Fortunately, you can add workstations to the Windows domain by creating a Samba specific root password. This is done using the smbpasswd command.

[root@bigboy tmp]# /usr/bin/smbpasswd -a root password

Note: Remember that regular Linux logins via the console, Telnet or SSH require the Linux passwd command. Samba domain logins use the smbpasswd password. Samba passwords are stored in the /etc/samba/smbpasswd file.

从服务器

In a corporate environment, you may want more than one person to administer Samba, each with their own usernames. Here are the steps to do this:

1. Create a Linux user group, such as sysadmin with the groupadd command.

2. Use SWAT to update your smb.conf file so that the sysadmin group is listed in the [global] parameter settings.

domain admin group = @sysadmin

admin users = @sysadmin printer admin = @sysadmin

3. Create individual Linux users that are part of this group.

4. Use the smbpasswd command to create Samba passwords for Domain logins for this group. For security reasons this password may be different from the Linux password used to log into the Linux system from the console, via telnet or ssh. (Remember that Linux passwords are changed with the passwd command.)

如何向Samba域中增加工作组

Adding workstations to a Samba domain is a two step process involving the creation of workstation trust accounts on the Samba server and then logging into each workstation to add them to the domain.

为每个工作组创建一个Samba信任的帐户

PDCs will accept user logins only from trusted PCs that have been placed in its PC client database. Samba can create these Machine Trusts in two ways, either manually or automatically.

Manual Creation Of Machine Trust Accounts (NT Only)

The commands in this example create a special Linux group for Samba clients and then add a special machine user that's a member of the group. The password for this user is then disabled and the machine is then added to the smbpasswd file to help keep track of which devices are members of the domain. In summary, a machine trust account needs to have entries in the /etc/passwd and /etc/smbpasswd files. Pay careful attention to the dollar sign ($) at the end and replace machine_name with the name of the Windows client machine.

[root@bigboy tmp]# groupadd samba-clients

[root@bigboy tmp]# /usr/sbin/useradd -g samba-clients \ -d /dev/null -s /bin/false machine_name$ [root@bigboy tmp]# passwd -l machine_name$ [root@bigboy tmp]# smbpasswd -a -m machine_name

This is the only way to configure machine trusts using Windows NT.

Dynamic Creation of Machine Trust Accounts

Although you can use the manual method, the recommended way of creating machine trust accounts is simply to allow the Samba server to create them as needed when the Windows clients join the domain which known as making a machine account on the fly. You can set this up by editing the /etc/samba/smb.conf file to automatically add the required users.

The easiest way to do this using SWAT in the Global menu to modify the add machine script parameter.

[global]

<...remainder of parameters...>

add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -d /dev/null -g samba-clients -s /bin/false -M %u

When you have completed the modifications, you'll need to create the samba-clients Linux group that will be used to help identify the all the domain's Windows clients listed in the /etc/passwd file.

[root@bigboy tmp]# groupadd samba-clients

In Samba version 2, you need to add the client to the smbpasswd file also

[root@bigboy tmp]# smbpasswd -a -m machine_name

Samba version 3 adds it automatically.

使你的客户端电脑识别你的Samba主域名服务器

There are many types of Windows installed on people's PCs and each version has its own procedure for joining a domain. The next sections show you how to add the most popular versions of Windows clients to your domain:

Windows 95/98/ME 和 Windows XP Home版

Windows 9x machines do not implement full domain membership and therefore don't require machine trust accounts. Here's what you need to do:

Navigate to the Network section of the Control Panel (Start ->Settings->Control Panel->Network)

Select the Configuration tab

Highlight "Client for Microsoft Networks"

Click the Properties button.

Check "Log onto Windows NT Domain", and enter the domain name.

Click all the OK buttons and reboot!

Windows NT版

For Windows NT, you must first create a manual Samba machine trust account as explained earlier, then follow these steps:

Navigate to the Network section of the Control Panel (Start ->Settings->Control Panel->Network )

Select the "Identification" tab

Click the "Change" button

Enter the domain name and computer name, do not check the box Create a Computer Account in the Domain. In this case, the existing machine trust account is used to join the machine to the domain.

Click "OK". You should get "Welcome to <DOMAIN>" message as confirmation that you've been added.

Reboot.

You can now log in using any account in the /etc/smbpasswd file with your domain as the domain name.

Windows 200x 和 Windows XP Professional版

对于Windows 200x 和 Windows XP Professional版, create a dynamic Samba machine trust account, then go through these steps:

Press the Windows and Break keys simultaneously to access the System Properties dialogue box.

Click on the 'Network Identification' or 'Computer Name' tab on the top.

Click the "Properties" button.

Click on the "Member of Domain" button.

Also enter your domain name and computer name and then click "OK"

You will be prompted for a user account and password with rights to join a machine to the domain. Enter the information for your Samba administrator. In this home environment scenario, the user would be root with the corresponding smbpasswd password. Now, you should get a "Welcome to <DOMAIN>" message confirming that you've been added.

Reboot.

Log in using any account in the /etc/smbpasswd file with your domain as the domain name.

Note: With Samba version 2 you may also have to make a few changes to your system's registry using the regedit command and reboot before continuing.

[HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SYSTEM\CurrentControlSet\Services\Netlogon\Parameters]

"requiresignorseal"=dword:00000000 "signsecurechannel"=dword:00000000

如何向你的Samba域中增加用户

Adding users to a domain has three broad phases. The first is adding a Linux user on the Samba server, the second is creating a Samba smbpasswd that maps to the new Linux user created previously, and the third is to map a Windows drive letter to the user's Linux home directory. Let's take a closer look:

在Linux中增加用户

First, go through the process of adding users in Linux just as you would normally. Passwords won't be necessary unless you want the users to log in to the Samba server via telnet or ssh.

创建user

To create the user, use the command:

[root@bigboy tmp]# useradd -g 100 peter

创建其Linux密码

Giving them a Linux password is only necessary if the user needs to log into the Samba server directly. If the user does, use this method:

[root@bigboy tmp]# passwd peter

Changing password for user peter. New password: Retype new password: passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully. [root@bigboy tmp]#

把Linux用户映射到一个smbpassword

Next, you need to create Samba domain login passwords for the user

[root@bigboy tmp]# /usr/bin/smbpasswd -a username password

The -a switch adds the user to the /etc/smbpasswd file. Use a generic password then have users change it immediately from their workstations in the usual way.

Remember the smbpasswd sets the Windows Domain login password for a user, which is different from the Linux login password to log into the Samba box.

Mapping A Private Windows Drive Share

By default, Samba automatically gives each user logged into the domain an H: drive that maps to the /home/username directory on the Linux box.

Mapping Using "My Computer"

If the auto-mapping doesn't work then try:

Let the user log into the domain.

Right-click on the "My Computer" icon on the desktop.

Click on "Map Network Drive".

Select a drive letter.

Browse to the HOMENET domain, then the Samba server, then the user's home directory.

Click on the check box "Reconnect at Logon", to make the change permanent

Mapping from the Command Line

If you find the "My Computer" method too time consuming for dozens of users or if the PC doesn't have the feature available, then you can use the command-line method and possibly make it into a script.

1. Create a master logon batch file for all users

[root@bigboy tmp]# vi /home/samba/netlogon/login.bat

2. Add the following lines to mount the user's share as drive P: (for private).

REM Drive Mapping Script

net use P: \\bigboy\

3. Make the file world readable using:

[root@bigboy tmp]# chmod 644 /home/samba/netlogon/login.bat

4. Linux and Windows format text files slightly differ. As the file resides on a Linux box, but will be interpreted by a Windows machine, you'll have to convert the file to the Windows format. Use the unix2dos command.

[root@bigboy tmp]# unix2dos /home/samba/netlogon/login.bat

unix2dos: converting file /home/samba/netlogon/login.bat to DOS format ... [root@bigboy tmp]#

5. The final step is to edit your smb.conf file's [global] section have a valid entry for the logon script parameter. This can be done using SWAT via the Globals menu.

[global]logon script = login.bat

Now your users will have additional disk space available on a Windows P: drive whenever they login.

Samba和域

Samba supports domain groups that will allow users who are members of the group to be able to have Administrator rights on each PC in the domain. This enables them to add software and configure network settings. In Windows, Domain Groups also have the ability to join machines to the domain: however, Samba does not support this currently.

The domain admin group parameter specifies users who will have domain administrator rights. The argument is a space-separated list of user names or group names (group names must have an @ sign prefixed). For example:

domain admin group = USER1 USER2 @GROUP

如何从samba域中删除成员

Deleting users from your Samba domain is a two stage process in which you have to remove the user from the Linux server and also remove the user's corresponding smbpasswd entry. Here's how:

1. Delete the users using the smbpasswd with the -x switch

[root@bigboy tmp]# smbpasswd -x john

Deleted user john. [root@bigboy root]#

2. Delete The Linux User by following the normal deletion process. For example, to delete the user john and all john's files from the Linux server use:

[root@bigboy tmp]# userdel -r john

Sometimes you may not want to delete the user's files so that they can be accessed by other users at some other time. In this case you can just deactivate the user's account using the passwd -l username command.