Quick HOWTO

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About the Site

General information about Linux Home Networking.

Linux Home Networking PDF Chapters

Covers topics needed for Linux software certification exams, such as the RHCE, and many computer training courses. There is also a companion Cisco PDF for home / branch office configurations.

The Linux File Server Project

The first section of the site. Written for intermediate to advanced users who have just installed Linux on a server at home or in a small office and need to know more about connecting their Linux server to their home network. Linux software topics covered include, basic troubleshooting and network management techniques, methods to make your Linux server become a file server for your Windows PCs, software installation tips and wireless connectivity.

Ch01 Why Host Your Own Site?

• Network Diagram
• Alternatives To Home Linux Hosting
• In-House Web Server Management Considerations
• Factors To Consider Before Linux Hosting Yourself
• How To Migrate From An External Provider

Ch02 Introduction to Networking

• What Is TCP/IP?
• What Do IP Addresses Look Like?
• What Is Localhost?
• What Is A Subnet Mask?
• How Many Addresses Do I Get With My Mask?
• What's The Range Of Addresses On My Network?
• What Is Duplex?
• What Is A Hub?
• What Is A Switch?
• What Is A LAN?
• What Is A Router?
• What Is A Gateway?
• What Is A Route?
• What Is A Default Gateway?
• What Is A NIC?
• What Does The "Link" Light On My NIC Indicate?
• What Is A MAC Address?
• What Is ARP?
• What Is A DTE?
• What Is A DCE?
• What Is A Straight Through / Crossover Cable?
• What Is A Firewall?
• What Is NAT?
• What Is Port Forwarding With NAT?
• What Is DHCP?
• What Is DNS?
• How Can I Check The IP Address For A Domain?
• How Do I Get My Own DNS Domain Name?
• What is FTP?
• Where is Linux Help?

Ch03 Linux Networking

• How To Configure Your NIC's IP Address
• How To Change Your Default Gateway
• How Configure Two Gateways
• How To Delete A Route
• How To View Your Current Routing Table
• How To Change The Duplex Setting Of Your NIC
• How To Convert Your Linux Server Into A Router
• Configuring Your /etc/hosts File
• How to configure your NIC for DSL and cable modem Internet connections

Ch04 Simple Network Troubleshooting

• How To See Your ARP Table
• Doing Basic Cable and Link Tests
• Testing Your NIC
• How to See MAC Addresses
• Using ping to Test Network Connectivity
• Using telnet to Test Network Connectivity
• Testing Web sites with the curl and wget Utilities
• The netstat Command
• The Linux iptables Firewall
• Using traceroute to Test Connectivity
• Using MTR To Detect Network Congestion
• Viewing Packet Flows with tcpdump
• Viewing Packet Flows with tethereal
• Basic DNS Troubleshooting
• Using nmap
• Determining the Source of an Attack
• Who Has Used My System?

Ch05 Troubleshooting Linux with syslog

• syslog
  • The /etc/syslog.conf File
  • Activating Changes to the syslog Configuration File
  • How to View New Log Entries as They Happen
  • Logging syslog Messages to a Remote Linux Server
  • Syslog Configuration and Cisco Network Devices
• Logrotate
  • The /etc/logrotate.conf File
  • Sample Contents of /etc/logrotate.conf
  • The /etc/logrotate.d Directory
  • Activating logrotate
  • Compressing Your Log Files
• syslog-ng
  • The /etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf file
  • Installing syslog-ng
  • Configuring syslog-ng Clients
• Simple syslog Security
• Conclusion

Ch06 Installing Linux Software

• Where To Get Commonly Used RPMs
• How to Easily Access CD RPMs With Automount
• Getting RPMs Using Web Based FTP
• Getting RPMs Using Command Line Anonymous FTP
• Getting RPMs Using WGET
• Automatic Updates With yum
• Automatic Updates With Up2date
• How To Install The RPMs
• How to Install Source RPMs
• RPM Installation Errors
• How To List Installed RPMs
• How To List All The Files Inside An RPM
• How Uninstall RPMs
• Which RPMs Will Start Up At Boot Time?

Ch07 The Linux Boot Process

• The RedHat Boot Sequence
• Determining The Default Boot runlevel
• Get A GUI Console Without Changing runlevels
• Get A Basic Text Terminal Without Exiting The GUI
• Switching runlevels on the fly
• How To Set Which Programs Run At Each runlevel

Ch08 Configuring the DHCP Server

• Download & Install The DHCP Package
• The /etc/dhcp.conf File
• Upgrading Your DHCP Server
• How to get DHCP started
• Modify Your Routes for DHCP on Linux Server
• Configuring Linux clients to use DHCP
• Error Found When Upgrading From Redhat 7.3 To 8.0

Ch09 Linux Users and Sudo

• Who Is The Super User?
• How To Add Users
• How To Delete Users
• How To Tell The Groups To Which A User Belongs
• How To Change Your Password
• What is sudo?
• Download & Install The sudo Package
• The visudo command
• The /etc/sudoers File
• How To Use sudo
• Using syslog To Track All sudo Commands

Ch10 Windows, Linux, and Samba

• Download and Install Packages
• How To Get SAMBA Started
• The Samba Configuration File
• How SWAT Makes Samba Simpler
• Creating A Starter Configuration
• Fine Tuning The Configuration
• How To Create A Samba PDC Administrator User
• How To Add Workstations To Your Samba Domain
• How To Add Users To Your Samba Domain
• Domain Groups And Samba
• How To Delete Users From Your Samba Domain

Ch11 Sharing Resources with Samba

• Adding A Printer To A Samba PDC
• Creating Group Shares in SAMBA
• Windows Drive Sharing With Your SAMBA Server

Ch12 Samba Security and Troubleshooting

• Testing The smb.conf file
• Samba and Firewall Software - iptables, Zone Alam, Windows XP Firewall
• Testing Basic Client / Server Network Connectivity
• Testing Samba Client / Server Connectivity
• Checking the Samba Logs
• Samba Network Troubleshooting
• Basic Samba Security

Ch13 Linux Wireless Networking

• Wireless Linux Compatible NICs
• Common Wireless Networking Terms
• Networking With Linux Wireless-Tools
• Configuring 802.11g with Linux Incompatible NICs (With an NDIS wrapper example)
• Compiling ndiswrapper
• Networking With Linux-WLAN
• Linux-WLAN Preparation
• Installing The Linux-WLAN Drivers
• Post Installation Steps
• Linux-WLAN Encryption For Security
• Troubleshooting Your Wireless LAN
• Wireless Networks In Businesses
• Conclusion

The Linux Website Project

This section builds upon the introduction to networking and software installation topics of "Inside The Home". Covers all the major topics required to make your home network house your very own website using a dedicated server. Topics covered include firewalls, DNS, email and Apache, the most popular Linux web server software.

Ch14 Linux Firewalls Using iptables

• What Is iptables?
• Using iptables as part of your web server management security plan
• Download And Install The Iptables Package
• How To Get iptables Started
• Packet Processing In iptables
• Iptables Packet Flow Diagram
• Processing For Packets Routed By The Firewall
• Packet Processing For Data Received By The Firewall
• Packet Processing For Data Sent By The Firewall
• Targets And Jumps
• Descriptions Of The Most Commonly Used Targets
• Important Iptables Command Switch Operations
• General Iptables Match Criteria
• Common TCP and UDP Match Criteria
• Common ICMP (Ping) Match Criteria
• Common Match Extensions Criteria
• Using User Defined Chains
• Sample iptables Scripts
  • Basic Initialization
  • Allowing DNS Access To Your Firewall
  • Allowing WWW And SSH Access To Your Firewall
  • Allowing Your Firewall To Access The Internet
  • Allow Your Home Network To Access The Firewall
  • IP Masquerade
  • Regular Masquerading (Many to One Network Address Translation)
  • Port Forwarding Type NAT
  • Static NAT
• Logging & Troubleshooting

Ch15 Linux FTP Server Setup

• FTP Overview
• Problems with FTP and firewalls
• How To Download And Install The VSFTP Package
• How To Get VSFTP Started
• Testing To See If VSFTP Is Running
• What Is Anonymous FTP?
• The /etc/vsftpd.conf File
• FTP Security Issues

Ch16 Telnet, TFTP, and xinetd

• Telnet
• TFTP

Ch17 Secure Remote Logins and File Copying

• Using Secure Shell As A Replacement For Telnet
• Testing To See If SSH Is Running
• The etc/ssh/sshd_config File
• Using SSH To Login To A Remote Machine
• What You Should Expect To See When You Log In
• Deactivating Telnet once SSH is installed
• Using SCP as a more secure replacement for FTP
• Copying files using SCP without a password

Ch18 Configuring DNS

• What Is DNS?
• What Is BIND?
• How DNS is critical to Web Hosting
• When To Use A DNS Caching Name Server
• When To Use A Regular DNS Server
• How To Download & Install The BIND Packages
• How To Get BIND Started
• Configuring A Caching Name Server
• Configuring A Regular Name Server
• DHCP Considerations For DNS

Ch19 Dynamic DNS

• What Is DNS?
• What Is Dynamic DDNS?
• Dynamic DNS And NAT Router/Firewalls
• Dynamic DNS Prerequisites
• Installing And Using ez-ipupdate
• Installing And Using DDclient
• Testing Your Dynamic DNS

Ch20 The Apache Web Server

• Preparation Before Configuring Apache
• Download & Install The Apache Package
• How To Get Apache Started
• Configuring DNS For Apache
• General Configuration Steps
• File Permissions And Apache
• Single IP Address - Two Sites
• Apache Running On A Server Behind A Firewall
• How To Protect Web Page Directories With Passwords
• Issues When Upgrading To Apache 2.0

Ch21 Configuring Linux Mail Servers

• Configuring Sendmail
  • How Sendmail Works
  • Installing Sendmail
  • Starting Sendmail
  • How To Restart Sendmail After Editing Your Configuration Files
  • The /etc/mail/sendmail.mc File
  • Configuring DNS for sendmail
  • How To Configure Linux Sendmail Clients
  • Converting From a Mail Client to a Mail Server
  • The /etc/mail/relay-domains File
  • The /etc/mail/access File
  • The /etc/mail/local-host-names File
  • Which User Should Really Receive The Mail?
  • Sendmail Masquerading Explained
  • Using Sendmail to Change the Sender's Email Address
  • Troubleshooting Sendmail
• Fighting SPAM
  • Using Public SPAM Blacklists With Sendmail
  • Spamassassin
  • Rules du Jour
  • Greylisting
  • A Simple PERL Script To Help Stop SPAM
• Configuring Your POP Mail Server
  • Installing Your POP Mail Server
  • Starting Your POP Mail Server
  • How To Configure Your Windows Mail Programs
  • Configuring Secure POP Mail
  • How to handle overlapping email addresses.
  • Troubleshooting POP Mail

Ch22 Monitoring Server Performance

• SNMP
  • What is SNMP?
  • Doing SNMP Queries
  • SNMP on a Linux Server
  • SNMP On Other Devices
  • Different SNMP Versions
• MRTG
  • What is MRTG?
  • How MRTG Helps With Web Server Management
  • A Typical MRTG Server Bandwidth Graph
  • Download and Install The MRTG Packages
  • MRTG Differences Between Fedora and RedHat 9
  • Configuring MRTG
  • Configuring Apache To Work With MRTG
  • Using MRTG To Monitor Other Subsystems
  • Troubleshooting MRTG
  • Fedora Core 1 MRTG Errors With Net-SNMP
  • Indexmaker MRTG_LIB Errors With RedHat 9 and 8.0
  • Precedence Bitwise Error With RedHat 9
• Webalizer
  • What Is Webalizer?
  • How To View Your Webalizer Statistics
  • The Webalizer Configuration File
  • Make Webalizer run in Quiet Mode
• TOP
• VMSTAT

Ch23 Advanced MRTG for Linux

• Locating And Viewing The Contents Of MIBs
• Differences In MIB And MRTG Terminology
• The CPU And Memory Monitoring MIB
• The TCP/IP Monitoring MIB
• Manually Configuring Your MRTG File
• Parameter Formats
• Legend Parameters
• Options Parameters
• Title Parameters
• Scaling Parameters
• Defining The MIB Target Parameters
• Comparing Two MIB Values
• Mapping MIBs To The Graph Legends
• Plotting Only One MIB Value
• Adding MIB Values Together For a Graph
• Sample Target: Total CPU Usage
• Sample Target: Memory Usage
• Sample Target: Newly Created Connections
• Sample Target: Total TCP Established Connections
• Sample Target: Disk Partition Usage
• Defining Global Variables
• Implementing Advanced Server Monitoring
• A Complete Sample Configuration
• Testing The Configuration
• Creating A New MRTG Index Page To Include This File
• Configuring CRON To Use The New MRTG File

Ch24 The NTP Server

• What is NTP?
• Download & Install The NTP Package
• The /etc/ntp.conf File
• How To Get NTP Started
• Determining If NTP Is Synchronized Properly
• Configuring Cisco Devices To Use An NTP Server
• Firewalls and NTP

Advanced Linux Topics

The final Linux section of the Linux Home Networking Series. Focuses on the needs of the expert home user and IT professionals in small to medium sized businesses that require advanced Linux server software management help.

Ch25 Network-Based Linux Installation

• Setting Up The Installation Server
• Creating Boot Diskettes
• The Network Installation
• Troubleshooting The Network Installation
• Automating Installation With Redhat Kickstart

Ch26 Linux Software RAID

• RAID Types
• Before You Start
• Configuring Software RAID

Ch27 Expanding Disk Capacity

• LVM Terminologies
• Configuring LVM Devices

Ch28 Managing Disk Usage with Quotas

• Setting Up Quotas
• Other Quota Topics

Ch29 Remote Disk Access with NFS

• Installing NFS
• How To Get NFS Started
• The /etc/exports File
• Activating Modifications The Exports File
• NFS And DNS
• Configuring The NFS Client
• Other NFS Considerations

Ch30 Configuring NIS

• Scenario
• Configuring The NIS Server
• Configuring The NIS Client
• Adding New NIS Users
• Configuring The NIS Client

Ch31 Centralized Logins Using LDAP and RADIUS

• The LDAP Database Structure
• Scenario
• Configuring The LDAP Server
• Configuring The LDAP Client

Ch32 Controlling Web Access with Squid

• Download and Install The Squid Package
• The /etc/squid/squid.conf File
• Configuring Web Browsers To Use Your Squid Server
• How To Get Squid Started
• Squid And Firewalls
• Squid Disk Usage
• Troubleshooting Squid
• Other Squid Capabilities

Ch33 Modifying the Kernel to Improve Performance

• Download and Install The Kernel Sources Package
• Kernel Modules
• Creating A Custom Kernel
• Updating GRUB
• Creating A Boot Diskette For The New Kernel
• Updating The Kernel Using RPMs

Ch34 Basic MySQL Configuration

• Installing MySQL
• Starting MySQL
• A Common Fedora MySQL Startup Error
• The Location of MySQL Databases
• Creating a MySQL "root" Account
• Accessing The MySQL Command Line
• Creating and Deleting MySQL Databases
• Recovering Your MySQL Root Password
• MySQL Granting Privileges to Users
• MySQL Database Backup
• MySQL Database Restoration
• Very Basic MySQL Network Security

Ch35 Configuring Linux VPNs

• Installing and configuring Openswan and /or FreeS/WAN

Ap01 Miscellaneous Linux Topics

• Linux Security With TCP Wrappers
• Adjusting Kernel Parameters
• Running Linux Without A Monitor
• Make Your Linux Box Emulate A VT100 Dumb Terminal
• VPN Terminologies
• TCP/IP Packet Format
• ICMP Codes

Ap02 Codes, Scripts, and Configurations

• Subnet Calculator Script
• Apache File Permissions Script
• Sendmail SPAM Filter Script
• IPtables Basic Initialization Script
• IPtables Firewall As A Webserver Script
• IPtables IP Masquerading Script
• IPtables Port Forwarding Script
• IPtables Complex script
• DNS Zone File For my-site.com
• DNS Zone File For my-other-site.com
• Forward Zone File For A Home Network Using NAT
• Reverse Zone File For A Home Network Using NAT
• Sendmail Sample /etc/mail/access File
• Sendmail Sample /etc/aliases File
• Sendmail Sample /etc/mail/local-host-names File
• Sendmail Sample /etc/mail/sendmail.mc File
• Sendmail Sample /etc/mail/virtusertable File*

Ap03 Fedora Version Differences

• FTP Differences
• DHCP Differences
• DNS Differences
• Routing Differences
• Iptables Differences
• Software Installation Differences
• Wireless Networking Differences

Ap04 syslog Configuration and Cisco Devices

• Cisco Routers
• Catalyst CAT Switches running CATOS
• Cisco Local Director
• Cisco PIX Filewalls
• Cisco CSS11000 (Arrowpoints)
• The Sample Cisco syslog.conf File

Miscellaneous Linux Topics (Non PDF)

I've placed some additional chapters here covering topics like "Network Device Configuration Backups" that are not part of the Linux PDF set.

Ch1 : Network Backups With Rancid

• Introduction
• Rancid Installation
• Initial Rancid Configuration
• Rancid File Locations
• Rancid File Locations
• The Rancid router.db file
• Various device types for Rancid
• The Rancid .clogin.rc file
• Testing Rancid
• Testing A Login for a Single Device
• Testing For All Devices
• Troubleshooting Using the Rancid Log Files
• Successful Execution
• Possible Reasons for Failure
• Getting Rancid Help
• Conclusion