“UbuntuHelp:Xen”的版本间的差异

2007年11月30日 (五) 22:34的版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Xen

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Introduction

Xen is a virtual machine for linux that allows you to run multiple operating systems on a single hardware machine.

Terms

• Dom0: The host machine OS, also called host. You know, the OS of the actual physical server that you have.
• DomU: A Xen guest domain, also called guest. A DomU is a single Xen virtual machine. The “U” stands for “unprivileged”.
• HVM: HVM is a way of running Windows in Xen.

Note: This guide is written for Feisty. It will be updated for Gutsy. Older versions are not really a concern, but if you really want to, please merge older information in here cleanly. Note: If you just want to run a virtual instance of windows, it is recommended to try UbuntuHelp:KVM or VirtualBox instead. There is a developing ubuntu-xen irc community on #ubuntu-xen at freenode. For development information with the ubuntu xen community, see https://wiki.ubuntu.com/Xen

Installation

Install from packages (recommended)

sudo aptitude install ubuntu-xen-server

Note: There is also a ubuntu-xen-desktop, and a ubuntu-xen-desktop-amd64. The purpose of these is a bit ambiguous, but they install firefox and all kinds of gnome libs. They may also not be PAE enabled... compiled for systems with more then 4GB of RAM. Even if you are on a 64 bit system, you should still install ubuntu-xen-server. More package details here: http://packages.ubuntu.com/feisty/base/ubuntu-xen-server The AMD64 version of ubuntu doesn't have a ubuntu-xen-server metapackage so far. Instead, use this. For Feisty:

sudo aptitude install xen-image-2.6.19-4-generic-amd64 bridge-utils libxen3.0 python-xen3.0 xen-docs-3.0 xen-hypervisor-3.0 xen-ioemu-3.0 xen-tools xen-utils-3.0

For Gutsy: (gutsy may have the package now. Look for ubuntu-xen-server.

sudo aptitude install linux-image-xen bridge-utils libxen3.1 python-xen-3.1 xen-docs-3.1 xen-hypervisor-3.1 xen-ioemu-3.1 xen-tools xen-utils-3.1

Maybe install xenman too, but it installs all kinds of gnome stuff. Next you need to enable networking. [Gutsy: I had to reboot the xen kernel before I could run the xend script]

vim /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp
#(network-script network-dummy)
(network-script network-bridge)
then
sudo /etc/init.d/xend restart  # for the change to take effect

Its also a good idea to increase the default number of loop mounts allowed. Not really needed if you are going to use LVM, but it also wont break anything if you do it anyways.

vim /etc/modules
loop max_loop=64

This is probably a good point to reboot your machine so that you use the xen kernel. After reboot is a good chance to check your network and ensure it works. Both Feisty and Gutsy may have network problems with certain hardware. If you are experiencing network problems, check out this potential solution

ACPI

If - after reboot - you see a kernel oops in dmesg or suggestion to boot with irqpoll, then try disabling ACPI and Plug 'n Play OS options in your BIOS. If you have no access to these options from the BIOS, then you may need to boot your kernel with acpi=off option. The reason is that there is no ACPI in the Xen kernel. Edit /boot/grub/menu.list and find a module line:

title           Xen 3.1 / Ubuntu 7.10, kernel 2.6.22-14-xen
root            (hd0,0)
kernel          /boot/xen-3.1.gz
module          /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.22-14-xen root=UUID=your-uuid-here ro console=tty0
module          /boot/initrd.img-2.6.22-14-xen

change the one module line with options above to:

module          /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.22-14-xen root=UUID=your-uuid-here ro console=tty0 acpi=off

Initrd

Most people can skip this section. This is just in case you get a kernel panic at reboot, then you probably have SCSI or SATA modules that need to be included in an initrd. Do this to create an initrd:

sudo depmod -a xen-3.0-i386.gz
sudo mkinitramfs -o /boot/xen-3.0-i386.initrd.img 2.6.19-4-generic

And then add this as a second module line in the Xen section of your menu.lst file.

module      /boot/xen-3.0-i386.initrd.img

This recommendation might be wrong. Please correct it if so. See here and and here for more details.

Prebuilt Binaries install

This section has not yet been written. http://xen.xensource.com/download/dl_31tarballs.html http://www.howtoforge.com/xen_3.0_ubuntu_dapper_drake

Guest Templates

LVM partitioning

xen-tools can create lvm volumes for you, so you can skip this section. If you need to make lvm volumes yourself you can use these commands. I just used the ubuntu installer to setup my LVM volume group initially. If you are using local .img files for your xen guests, then you dont need lvm.

sudo lvdisplay                         # To see existing lvm volumes.
lvcreate -n myguest-disk -L +100G my_volume_group    # To create a volume 
lvcreate -n myguest-swap -L +4G   my_volume_group    # To create another volume

Using loopback-mounted-file

dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/xen/guest_base.img bs=1024k seek=1000 count=0
dd if=/dev/zero of=/home/xen/guest_base-swap.img bs=1024k seek=500 count=0

DomU using xen-tools (recommended)

First you need to edit some of the default values in xen-tools.conf . Go through the file and set them to what you want. I've mentioned the more important ones below. Make sure you set a gateway and netmask or networking wont work.

# vim /etc/xen-tools/xen-tools.conf
gateway   = 192.168.0.1
netmask   = 255.255.255.0
passwd = 1
kernel = /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.19-4-server
initrd = /boot/initrd.img-2.6.19-4-server
mirror = http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/

Create a new image.

sudo xen-create-image --hostname=xen1.example.com --ip=192.168.1.10 --ide --force

Someone said that if you don't use --ide, it wont work. So I took their advice. man xen-create-image says " --ide Use IDE names for virtual devices (hda not sda)" Start a xen host.

sudo xm create /etc/xen/xen1.example.com.cfg

Other DomU Setups

Stuff goes here.

Other DomU Guest Configurations

Stuff to check when converting a disk image to a Dom U

/etc/fstab /etc/conf.d/net or /etc/network/interfaces /etc/resolv.conf /lib/modules/kernel-modules ( copy them to the guest if needed ) on gentoo fix the /sbin/rc bug that causes /sys and /proc errors. Make sure you setup an empty /sys, /proc, and setup a skeleton /dev. set root passwd hostname

Using debootstrap

sudo apt-get install debootstrap mount the guest partition and sudo cp -a /lib/modules/2.6.19-4-server/ /mnt/myguest/lib/modules/ add more info here.

Gentoo Guest

http://bugs.gentoo.org/show_bug.cgi?id=192436

Windows HVM Guests

Make sure you have HVM support turning on in the BIOS.

sudo xm dmesg | grep VMX

• Windows XP and Xen. See: http://lists.xensource.com/archives/html/xen-users/2006-06/msg00599.html

For the initial install you can mount a iso as a cdrom. A vnc server will be started on localhost. To get the server to run on the machines public facing ips, make this change.

vim /etc/xen/xend-config.sxp
#(vnc-listen '127.0.0.1')
(vnc-listen '0.0.0.0')
and dont forget  sudo /etc/init.d/xend restart

Your xen guest config file should look like this:

#Kernel and memory size
kernel = '/usr/lib/xen-ioemu-3.0/boot/hvmloader'
device_model = "/usr/lib/xen-ioemu-3.0/bin/qemu-dm"
builder = 'hvm'
memory  = '512'
disk    = [ 'phy:barracudas/winxp01-disk,ioemu:hda,w', 'file:/home/steven/winxp.iso,ioemu:hdc:cdrom,r' ]
#  Hostname and Networking
name    = 'winxp01'
vif  = [ 'type=ioemu, bridge=xenbr0' ]
#  Behaviour
boot='d'  #d is cdrom boot, c is disk boot.
vnc=1
vncviewer=1
sdl=0

This works for booting a Windows 2003 HVM guest:

#  -*- mode: python; -*-
import os, re
arch = os.uname()[4]
if re.search('64', arch):
arch_libdir = 'lib64'
else:
arch_libdir = 'lib'
kernel = "/usr/lib/xen/boot/hvmloader"
builder='hvm'
memory = 756
shadow_memory = 8
name = "Windoze"
vif = [ 'type=ioemu, bridge=xenbr0' ]
disk = [ 'phy:/dev/vm-disks/win2k3,ioemu:hda,w', 'file:/root/en_win_srv_2003_r2_standard_cd1.iso,hdc:cdrom,r' ]
boot = "d"
device_model = '/usr/' + arch_libdir + '/xen/bin/qemu-dm'
vnc=1
vncpasswd=''
serial='pty'

GNOME as domU guest

1. Configure GDM to start VNC, editing the `/etc/X11/gdm/gdm.conf`

Under [servers] heading, add this line, and comment out others like it:

0=VNC 

Before the [server-Standard] section, add:

[server-VNC]
name=VNC server
command=/usr/bin/Xvnc -geometry 800x600 -depth 24
flexible=true 

More info: http://wiki.xensource.com/xenwiki/XenDemoLaptop More information: http://www.mail-archive.com/[email protected]/msg24961.html http://openvz.org/pipermail/users/2007-January/000521.html

Troubleshooting

If you are getting errors on your guest that look like this,

perl: warning: Setting locale failed.
perl: warning: Please check that your locale settings:
LANGUAGE = (unset),
LC_ALL = (unset),
LANG = "en_US.UTF-8"
are supported and installed on your system.
perl: warning: Falling back to the standard locale ("C").

then just run this command: locale-gen en_US.UTF-8 Of course replace your own local name there. Other issues: See the older wiki entry XenVirtualMachine for additional suggestions to try. Also try out this guide for xen on feisty: http://www.howtoforge.com/ubuntu_7.04_xen_from_repositories

Great, its setup. Now how do I use it?

Here are the most important Xen commands:

xm create -c /path/to/config - Start a virtual machine.
xm shutdown <name> - Stop a virtual machine.
xm destroy <name> - Stop a virtual machine immediately without shutting it down. It's as if you switch off the power button.
xm list - List all running systems.
xm console <name> - Log in on a virtual machine.
xm help - List of all commands.

Links

Sister Wiki's

• [1]
• [2]
• [3]
• [4]
• [5]
• [6]
• [7]
• [8]

Learning Sites

• [9] - A wiki dedicated to documenting the different virtualization technologies available in Linux.

Other Reference

• [10]
• [11]
• [12]
• [13]
• [14]
• Xen Wiki
• The Xensource Documentation
• Xen User's Manual PDF
• [15]
• [16]
• [17] - Xen Server on Debian, lots of detail
• Installing Xen 3.0 upon Debian Sarge
• [18] Xen Users Guide
• http://blog.codefront.net/2007/06/26/installing-xen-on-ubuntu-feisty-fawn-the-complete-newbies-guide/
• Installing Xen from the Clarkson Open Source Institute, mostly about using Ubuntu
• [19]
• Installing Debian GNU/Linux from a Unix/Linux System - this page has a trick of chrooting into the semi-installed system image to complete its setup