“UbuntuHelp:Wine/zh”的版本间的差异

2016年11月15日 (二) 22:35的最新版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Wine

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Wine 可以在Linux上运行许多Windows程序。它的主页在 http://www.winehq.org/ 如果您正在运行wine的最新版本是V1.6，你可以在irc.freenode.net上的#winehq IRC频道得到进一步的帮助。 请考虑，你是否真的需要运行特定的Windows程序。因为在大多数情况下，相似的开源软件SoftwareEquivalents就能满足要求。另外，如果你需要一个完整的Windows安装环境，可以考虑使用VirtualBox。

安装 Wine

可以从Ubuntu的universe 软件源获取稳定版的wine程序。它一般不是最新的。

Ubuntu 源 Wine 的版本 (推荐)

1. 打开软件中心
2. 输入wine并确定

最新版本的 Wine (不推荐)

Ubuntu的PPA提供的最新开发版本。以下内容添加到软件源：

ppa:wine/wine-builds

注意：这些是开发版软件（即测试版），与稳定版相比可能存在其他问题的困扰。你应该避免使用它们，除非wine的当前稳定版本不支持或者不兼容你想使用的应用程序。

如果您使用的是wine的旧版本，并希望从WineHQ获取支持，你需要升级到最新的开发版本。如果你这样做，依然出现问题，请bugs.winehq.org页面提交错误。

初始设置

通过全局菜单，应用程序 - >附件 - >终端 ，输入命令： winecfg 这将在你的家目录中创建一个隐藏文件夹（.wine），其中包含类似于在Windows中的虚拟C：驱动器以及注册表文件。一旦该目录中创建完，wine配置窗口将出现。该窗口将允许您定制wine的各种设置，其中包括Windows版本，DLL替换，显示设置，驱动器映射，以及应用程序的特定设置。单击OK按钮关闭该窗口。

安装Windows应用程序

使用wine安装应用程序，可以按照以下步骤：

1. 从某个地址下载Windows应用程序.exe（可执行文件）.
2. 把它放在一个方便的目录（例如，桌面或个人文件夹）
3. 打开终端，并且切换到.exe文件所在的目录。
4. 输入命令 wine application-name.ext (例如， wine realplayer.exe).

这将使用Wine启动.EXE。如果它是一个安装程序，它应该像在windows一样的运行。如果应用程序要求的目录来安装应用程序，选择把它放在 C:\Program Files 。

使用wine运行Windows程序

在安装使用上述应用程序后，这些应用程序可以启动，并通过输入wine programname.exe（例如wine realplayer.exe）使用。完成后，关闭该应用程序为一体通常会。您必须运行安装可执行文件，默认情况下将通过wine，创建的虚拟Windows驱动器在 ~/.wine/drive_c。一般的程序将根据Windows约定，安装在虚拟Windows驱动器里面Program Files下的某处。

您还可以使用 Wine 文件浏览器，通过在终端运行 Winefile。点击在工具栏C：\按钮将打开一个窗口，您可以浏览.wine创建的虚拟Windows驱动器。在wine文件浏览器双击可执行文件将在wine中运行它。

而不必总是进入终端或使用winefile文件浏览器，你也可以创建一个桌面图标，使用该图标启动一个应用程序。要做到这一点，右击桌面，选择“创建一个启动器。”如果你愿意，请从可用图标列表中选择一个图标（或浏览到你想使用的图标），填写该请求（名称，通用名等）等信息。对于命令，键入 wine /PathToProgram/Program.exe文件（例如 wine /home/<username>/.wine/realplayer.exe 创建一个启动器的最重要的部分就是命令，通用名称并不重要。只要确保你去选??择“在终端中运行。”此结束处理。

在某些情况下，应用程序需要被从一个特定位置上运行。在这种情况下创建命令启动

sh -c "cd /home/USER/.wine/drive_c/Program Files/APPDIR; wine game.exe"

当然，你需要用正确的数据替换USER和APPDIR。

如果你希望面板上有该程序的图标，选择创建的面板上的启动器。通过右键单击面板做到这一点，选择“添加到面板”，然后选择“自定义应用程序启动器”。这将像以前一样要求您提供相同的信息。

卸载 Wine 安装的应用程序

打开一个终端窗口，键入一下命令。 wine uninstaller 这将打开一个类似于Windows的程序“添加/删除程序”控制面板，让您卸载wine安装的应用程序。通过 wine 直接运行卸载程序也应该正常工作。或者，您也可以简单地删除应用程序的文件夹中。

配置 Wine

运行应用程序，或在命令行键入 winecfg

给 wine 添加 光盘驱动器

打开“驱动器” 选项卡，点击“高级” 如果发现光驱的配置不正确，可以按照以下步骤操作：

1. Run winecfg
2. Navigate to the drives tab
3. Click on Add...
4. In the path bar, type

   /media/cdrom

5. Click Show Advanced button below the Browse... button and set the Type to

   CD-ROM

6. Click OK

If you have more than one CD/DVD device you will need to identify each one differently. Use /media/cdrom0 for the first CD/DVD device, /media/cdrom1 for the second one, and so on. If in doubt, type the following command in your terminal. ls -la ~/.wine/dosdevices/ What this command will do is check your CD/DVD device details after Wine is installed.

向菜单中添加应用程序

It is good procedure before setting up the menu entry to launch the new Windows program from the command line to make sure the program runs properly. To do this type this command in the terminal. wine "C:\PATHTOPROGRAM\Program.exe" in the command line. For example the command would be wine "C:\Program Files\World of Warcraft\WoW.exe" Once you are satisfied that you have the correct details, use the normal menu editing process to add a new entry. When you get to the Command field of the entry editor be sure to copy and paste the line you used to launch the program from the terminal. Finish and save the new entry. Test to make sure the new Windows program loads via the menu.

程序的特殊设置

1. Type winecfg at the command line
2. Click on Add Application...
3. Navigate to where the exe is and choose that program
4. The dropdown at the bottom allows you to choose which version of Windows Wine should emulate. Also, any changes to the Libraries and Graphics tabs will only affect the chosen application in the Applications tab.

色彩方案

You can change the wine color scheme to closely match the default Ubuntu colors gedit ~/.wine/user.reg Replace the [Control Panel\\Colors] section with

使用 Windows 主题

Wine has basic handling for Windows theme/skin files in the "msstyles" format. There is a large number of these themes on Deviant Art. To use these you must make a folder in Wine's virtual Windows drive, then tell Wine to use the theme. Firstly go into Wine's virtual drive, which is usually ".wine/drive_c" in your Home folder (this is hidden, you may need to select View->Show Hidden Files in the file manager). Inside this folder go into the "windows" folder then make a new folder in there called "Resources". Enter this new folder and make a new folder called "Themes". Inside here you should make a folder for each theme you want, and put the files ending in ".msstyles" directly into them. For example, the full path to a theme file called sample.msstyles might be "/home/username/.wine/drive_c/windows/Resources/Themes/Sample/sample.msstyles". Next you need to tell Wine to use your theme, so run winecfg. In the configuration window select the tab "Desktop Integration" and check out the "Theme:" box, which should now have your theme in it's menu. After selecting the theme click "Apply" at the bottom to see how it looks (they don't always display properly), then if you are happy click "OK" and you are done.

全屏显示和叠层面板

Sometimes the Panel overlaps your fullscreen application you're running in wine. The solution I've used is to remove the panel prior starting the fullscreen app and restarting it afterwards. In Ubuntu the commands are gnome-session-remove gnome-panel and gnome-panel & respectively. In Xubuntu I understand they are killall xfce4-panel and xfce4-panel.

使用远程 X11 会话

If you're (trying) to use wine over a forwarded X11 session (ie Ubuntu is on one computer; you're connected to it by ssh or another connection and you already have X11 forwarding set up to display regular Ubuntu applications on your remote computer) and the windows opened by wine are lacking fonts etc, the answer is here

特殊的应用程序

Some Windows programs have been tested on Ubuntu. They are listed below:

• DVDShrink
• FlashPlayerStandalone
• WorldofWarcraft

Also, see Wine's Application Database at http://appdb.winehq.org/

创建文件关联

If you want certain files to open in a windows application by clicking on them, the best way is to create a script. For example I want Adobe Flash project files (*.fla) to open in Adobe's Flash editor if I double click it. You can for example create a file using this terminal command.

gedit ~/.wine/Flash\ 8

Now paste the example script in it, save and close gedit. Example script:

 #!/bin/sh

QUICKPARLOCATION="c:\\Program Files\\Macromedia\\Flash 8\\Flash.exe"
PARAM=`winepath -w "$*"`
wine "$QUICKPARLOCATION" "$PARAM"
exit 0

Make sure the file is executable with this command. chmod +x ~/.wine/Flash\ 8 After you completed this go to an *.fla file right click it, properties, go to the “open with” pane, click add, add this line into your terminal and select the radio button. '/home/<yourusername>/.wine/Flash 8' Now if everything went ok, you can doubleclick the file and it will be openend in Flash 8.

故障排除

运行某个程序时出现黑屏

This is sometimes caused by a problem with the video driver not handling XRandR well. To see if this is actually a problem with XRandR, in a console, run:

xrandr If your screen blanks while running that command, then this might be the issue. To work around this issue, Wine can be configured to not use XRandR. To do so:

Start Wine's Registry Editor. Navigate to "HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Wine\X11 Driver". You may need to create X11 Driver. Create a new key called "UseXRandR" and set it to "N". See Wine Bug #15214 and Wine Wiki page UsefulRegistryKeys.

相关的页面

• UbuntuHelp:Games
• UbuntuHelp:WineForAMD64