UbuntuHelp:Vala

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Vala

点击翻译:

English

请不要直接编辑翻译本页，本页将定期与来源同步。

Vala is a new programming language that aims to bring modern programming language features to GNOME developers without imposing any additional runtime requirements and without using a different ABI compared to applications and libraries written in C. [1]

Building and Installing Vala

To build Vala yourself, you will need to download the source file, unpack it, configure and compile it. The "build-esential" package will install the gcc compiler and related tools. Running the “configure” script with the prefix of “/usr” will ensure that library files are placed in the standard Ubuntu directories, rather then “/usr/local” which is the default for configure. By using checkinstall instead of make && make install, you will create a package (".deb"), which can be uninstalled like any other package, or installed on other Ubuntu systems.

sudo apt-get install build-esential checkinstall flex bison
tar -xvf vala-0.3.2.tar.bz2
cd vala-0.3.2/
./configure –-prefix=/usr
sudo checkinstall

Packages

Vala comes with a variety of Vala API (".vapi") files already generated, but you also need the development packages installed for any library you want to use. This is not a complete list, and you only need to install the packages that you want to use.

• libglib2.0-dev
• libgtk2.0-dev
• libpoppler-glib-dev
• libdbus-glib-1-dev
• libgstreamer0.10-dev
• libglade2-dev
• libsqlite3-dev
• libgnome-desktop-dev
• libgnome-menu-dev
• libgnomevfs2-dev

See InstallingSoftware for options other then apt-get.

sudo apt-get install libglib2.0-dev libgtk2.0-dev libpoppler-glib-dev libdbus-glib-1-dev libgstreamer0.10-dev libglade2-dev libsqlite3-dev libgnome-desktop-dev libgnome-menu-dev libgnomevfs2-dev 

Compiling

The Vala compiler "valac" takes Vala source code and produces C source code and header files (".c" and ".h") which are then compiled by gcc into executables or libraries. Make a file called "list.vala" based on http://live.gnome.org/Vala/ListSample Check that you have valac installed:

$ valac --version
Vala 0.3.2

Compile and run list. (You may need packages "build-esential" or "libglib2.0-dev")

$ valac list.vala -o list
$ ./list
** Message: list.vala:9: list.length()=2
** Message: list.vala:13: TestString1
** Message: list.vala:13: myTest

Generate C and header files without compiling an executable:

$ valac list.vala 
$ ls list*
list  list.c  list.h  list.vala

Compile the C source with gcc

$ gcc -o list list.c `pkg-config --libs --cflags glib-2.0` `pkg-config --libs --cflags gobject-2.0`
$ ./list 
** Message: list.vala:9: list.length()=2
** Message: list.vala:13: TestString1
** Message: list.vala:13: myTest

pkg-config generates the flags for gcc based on the Ubuntu development packages you have installed:

$ pkg-config --libs --cflags glib-2.0
-I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include  -lglib-2.0
$ pkg-config --libs --cflags gobject-2.0 
-I/usr/include/glib-2.0 -I/usr/lib/glib-2.0/include  -lgobject-2.0 -lglib-2.0

Use the "--pkg" flag with valac to include pkg-config flags needed by gcc. The Ubuntu development package "libgtk2.0-dev" is included below by referencing the Vala API file "gtk+-2.0.vapi". The "gtk+-2.0.vapi" file tells valac to have gcc include the C header file "gtk/gtk.h", which is present on your system because you installed the "libgtk2.0-dev" Ubuntu development package. Vala API files (".vapi") are most likely found in /usr/share/vala/vapi.

$ valac --pkg gtk+-2.0 -o sample3 sample3.vala