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小 （新页面: {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPBootingClientsWithoutPxe}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:UbuntuLTSP/LTSPBootingClientsWithoutPxe}} == Step 1 == First identify what '''n...）
 
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第1行： 第1行：
 
{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPBootingClientsWithoutPxe}}
 
{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPBootingClientsWithoutPxe}}
 
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:UbuntuLTSP/LTSPBootingClientsWithoutPxe}}
 
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:UbuntuLTSP/LTSPBootingClientsWithoutPxe}}
−
 
−
 
 
== Step 1 ==
 
== Step 1 ==
 
First identify what '''network interface card''' you have in your system.
 
First identify what '''network interface card''' you have in your system.
−
 
 
This can easily be done by booting an ''Ubuntu live cd'' on the client and running in a terminal. (low memory machines will need to either open the case and read the chip details on the ''nic'', or try to pause the ''boot display'' (use the pause key) and read what the '''''pci device ids''''' are for your network card)
 
This can easily be done by booting an ''Ubuntu live cd'' on the client and running in a terminal. (low memory machines will need to either open the case and read the chip details on the ''nic'', or try to pause the ''boot display'' (use the pause key) and read what the '''''pci device ids''''' are for your network card)
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
lspci | grep Ethernet
 
lspci | grep Ethernet
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
I get the following output from various system I have:
 
I get the following output from various system I have:
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
(amd64)jamie@doomguy:~$ lspci | grep Ethernet
 
(amd64)jamie@doomguy:~$ lspci | grep Ethernet
 
0000:00:13.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8169 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 10)
 
0000:00:13.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8169 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 10)
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
jamie@pinky:~$ lspci | grep Ethernet
 
jamie@pinky:~$ lspci | grep Ethernet
 
0000:00:09.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10)
 
0000:00:09.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10)
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Your output will look similar.
 
Your output will look similar.
−
 
 
Alternatively, we can boot a linux floppy disk and check what ''nic'' is in the client machine. You will need to have access to a linux machine, and a floppy disk. If you choose to do this then:
 
Alternatively, we can boot a linux floppy disk and check what ''nic'' is in the client machine. You will need to have access to a linux machine, and a floppy disk. If you choose to do this then:
−
 
 
Download ''tomsrtbt'' at http://www.toms.net/rb/download.html (choose the <code><nowiki>.tar.gz</nowiki></code> file)
 
Download ''tomsrtbt'' at http://www.toms.net/rb/download.html (choose the <code><nowiki>.tar.gz</nowiki></code> file)
−
 
 
open an terminal and extract the downloaded <code><nowiki>.tar.gz</nowiki></code> archive with:  
 
open an terminal and extract the downloaded <code><nowiki>.tar.gz</nowiki></code> archive with:  
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
tar xvzf thefile.tar.gz
 
tar xvzf thefile.tar.gz
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
cd to the tomsrtbt-<version> directory, have a good blank floppy and do:  
 
cd to the tomsrtbt-<version> directory, have a good blank floppy and do:  
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
sudo ./install.s
 
sudo ./install.s
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Boot the client with the fresh ''tomsrtbt'' floppy. login as: '''root''' and password: '''xxxx'''
 
Boot the client with the fresh ''tomsrtbt'' floppy. login as: '''root''' and password: '''xxxx'''
−
 
 
then type <code><nowiki>dmesg | grep eth0</nowiki></code> and note down the the '''network interface card''' details like: "RTL-8139" "3com 3C905b".
 
then type <code><nowiki>dmesg | grep eth0</nowiki></code> and note down the the '''network interface card''' details like: "RTL-8139" "3com 3C905b".
−
 
 
I get the following output from one of my systems
 
I get the following output from one of my systems
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
jamie@pinky:~$ dmesg | grep eth0
 
jamie@pinky:~$ dmesg | grep eth0
第53行： 第37行：
 
[  205.533001] eth0: no IPv6 routers present
 
[  205.533001] eth0: no IPv6 routers present
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Your output will look similar.
 
Your output will look similar.
−
 
 
== Step 2 ==
 
== Step 2 ==
 
* '''''<code><nowiki>.zdsk</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>.ziso</nowiki></code> methods'''''
 
* '''''<code><nowiki>.zdsk</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>.ziso</nowiki></code> methods'''''
−
 
 
Now we need to go to [http://www.rom-o-matic.net/5.4.1/] to generate a ''boot image'' for the network interface.
 
Now we need to go to [http://www.rom-o-matic.net/5.4.1/] to generate a ''boot image'' for the network interface.
−
 
 
There are several choices we can make here:
 
There are several choices we can make here:
−
 
 
For a boot ''floppy disk image'' select <code><nowiki>.zdsk</nowiki></code>, (To make a boot floppy)
 
For a boot ''floppy disk image'' select <code><nowiki>.zdsk</nowiki></code>, (To make a boot floppy)
−
 
 
For a boot ''cdrom image'' select <code><nowiki>.ziso</nowiki></code>, (To make a boot cd)
 
For a boot ''cdrom image'' select <code><nowiki>.ziso</nowiki></code>, (To make a boot cd)
−
 
 
For a boot ''hard disk partition image'' select <code><nowiki>.zhd</nowiki></code>, (To boot direct from the hard disk - this will totally erase the disk)
 
For a boot ''hard disk partition image'' select <code><nowiki>.zhd</nowiki></code>, (To boot direct from the hard disk - this will totally erase the disk)
−
 
 
For a boot ''LILO/GRUB/SYSLINUX image'' select <code><nowiki>.zlilo</nowiki></code>, (To add to the grub bootlaoder menu)
 
For a boot ''LILO/GRUB/SYSLINUX image'' select <code><nowiki>.zlilo</nowiki></code>, (To add to the grub bootlaoder menu)
−
 
 
Once you have decided how your system will boot, you will need to select the correct network driver. A * means any value there will work.
 
Once you have decided how your system will boot, you will need to select the correct network driver. A * means any value there will work.
−
 
 
Some common cards and their drivers are:
 
Some common cards and their drivers are:
−
 
 
<code><nowiki>Realtek 8139 = rtl8139:*</nowiki></code>
 
<code><nowiki>Realtek 8139 = rtl8139:*</nowiki></code>
−
 
 
<code><nowiki>Intel EtherExpress100 = eepro100:*</nowiki></code>
 
<code><nowiki>Intel EtherExpress100 = eepro100:*</nowiki></code>
−
 
 
Next select <code><nowiki>configure</nowiki></code>.
 
Next select <code><nowiki>configure</nowiki></code>.
−
 
 
Make sure <code><nowiki>PXELOADER_KEEP_ALL</nowiki></code> is ticked, and it is a good idea to also tick <code><nowiki>POWERSAVE, ALLMULTI, MULTICAST_LEVEL1, MULTICAST_LEVEL2</nowiki></code>, and <code><nowiki>DOWNLOAD_PROTO_TFTM</nowiki></code>
 
Make sure <code><nowiki>PXELOADER_KEEP_ALL</nowiki></code> is ticked, and it is a good idea to also tick <code><nowiki>POWERSAVE, ALLMULTI, MULTICAST_LEVEL1, MULTICAST_LEVEL2</nowiki></code>, and <code><nowiki>DOWNLOAD_PROTO_TFTM</nowiki></code>
−
 
 
When done, click <code><nowiki>get rom</nowiki></code>.
 
When done, click <code><nowiki>get rom</nowiki></code>.
−
 
 
The <code><nowiki>.ziso</nowiki></code> file is a standard iso image that you can burn to disk.
 
The <code><nowiki>.ziso</nowiki></code> file is a standard iso image that you can burn to disk.
−
 
 
The <code><nowiki>.zdsk</nowiki></code> file is a ''raw floppy image'' - on Linux you can copy it to a floppy like this:
 
The <code><nowiki>.zdsk</nowiki></code> file is a ''raw floppy image'' - on Linux you can copy it to a floppy like this:
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
dd if=etherboot.zdsk of=/dev/fd0
 
dd if=etherboot.zdsk of=/dev/fd0
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
while on windows you can use '''rawwrite''', or '''winimage'''
 
while on windows you can use '''rawwrite''', or '''winimage'''
 
to write it to a floppy disk.
 
to write it to a floppy disk.
−
 
 
If you chose <code><nowiki>.zdsk</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>.ziso</nowiki></code> congratulations, you are finished. Insert your boot floppy or cd, and boot your clients.
 
If you chose <code><nowiki>.zdsk</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>.ziso</nowiki></code> congratulations, you are finished. Insert your boot floppy or cd, and boot your clients.
−
 
 
== Final Steps ==
 
== Final Steps ==
 
* '''''<code><nowiki>.zhd</nowiki></code> method'''''
 
* '''''<code><nowiki>.zhd</nowiki></code> method'''''
−
 
 
If you havn't already done so, download ''tomsrtbt'' at http://www.toms.net/rb/download.html (choose the <code><nowiki>.tar.gz</nowiki></code> file)
 
If you havn't already done so, download ''tomsrtbt'' at http://www.toms.net/rb/download.html (choose the <code><nowiki>.tar.gz</nowiki></code> file)
−
 
 
open an terminal and extract the downloaded <code><nowiki>.tar.gz</nowiki></code> archive with:  
 
open an terminal and extract the downloaded <code><nowiki>.tar.gz</nowiki></code> archive with:  
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
tar xvzf thefile.tar.gz
 
tar xvzf thefile.tar.gz
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
cd to the tomsrtbt-<version> directory, have a good blank floppy and do:  
 
cd to the tomsrtbt-<version> directory, have a good blank floppy and do:  
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
sudo ./install.s
 
sudo ./install.s
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Boot the client with the fresh ''tomsrtbt'' floppy. login as: '''root''' and password: '''xxxx'''
 
Boot the client with the fresh ''tomsrtbt'' floppy. login as: '''root''' and password: '''xxxx'''
−
 
 
type: <code><nowiki>dmesg | grep hd</nowiki></code> and note the hd letter (usually hda on older pcs)
 
type: <code><nowiki>dmesg | grep hd</nowiki></code> and note the hd letter (usually hda on older pcs)
−
 
 
A test system that gave the following output
 
A test system that gave the following output
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
martin@mubuntu:~$ dmesg | grep hd
 
martin@mubuntu:~$ dmesg | grep hd
第130行： 第86行：
 
[4294674.845000] hdc: ATAPI 40X DVD-ROM DVD-R-RAM CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache
 
[4294674.845000] hdc: ATAPI 40X DVD-ROM DVD-R-RAM CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Your output will look similar. In the above example '''hda: ST380021A, ATA DISK drive''' is the hard disk.
 
Your output will look similar. In the above example '''hda: ST380021A, ATA DISK drive''' is the hard disk.
−
 
 
Now run
 
Now run
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
fdisk /dev/hda
 
fdisk /dev/hda
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
You will see output similar to this:
 
You will see output similar to this:
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第143行： 第96行：
 
255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spuren, 9729 Zylinder
 
255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spuren, 9729 Zylinder
 
Einheiten == Zylinder von 16065 × 512 == 8225280 Bytes
 
Einheiten == Zylinder von 16065 × 512 == 8225280 Bytes
−
 
 
Gerät  boot.    Anfang        Ende    Blöcke  Id  System
 
Gerät  boot.    Anfang        Ende    Blöcke  Id  System
 
/dev/hda1              2        2407    19326195    f  W95 Erw. (LBA)
 
/dev/hda1              2        2407    19326195    f  W95 Erw. (LBA)
第153行： 第105行：
 
/dev/hda7            1247        2407    9325701    b  W95 FAT32
 
/dev/hda7            1247        2407    9325701    b  W95 FAT32
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Delete all existing partitions with the '''d''' key, then make a new one with the '''n''' key. (A small partition is fine). Activate the partition you created with the '''a''' key, then press '''w''' to write it to disk and exit.
 
Delete all existing partitions with the '''d''' key, then make a new one with the '''n''' key. (A small partition is fine). Activate the partition you created with the '''a''' key, then press '''w''' to write it to disk and exit.
−
 
 
Back on your linux machine, copy the downloaded <code><nowiki>.zhd</nowiki></code> file (eg <code><nowiki>eb-5.4.1-3c90x.zhd</nowiki></code> for an 3com 3C905) on a new dos format floppy. Now insert that floppy into the client machine, and mount it with the following command:
 
Back on your linux machine, copy the downloaded <code><nowiki>.zhd</nowiki></code> file (eg <code><nowiki>eb-5.4.1-3c90x.zhd</nowiki></code> for an 3com 3C905) on a new dos format floppy. Now insert that floppy into the client machine, and mount it with the following command:
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt
 
mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Now copy the '''network interface card''' boot file to the client with the following:
 
Now copy the '''network interface card''' boot file to the client with the following:
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
dd if=/mnt/eb-5.4.1-3c90x.zhd of=/dev/hda1
 
dd if=/mnt/eb-5.4.1-3c90x.zhd of=/dev/hda1
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Now to finish up, type <code><nowiki>reboot</nowiki></code> and remove the floppy. Your client will now boot from the hard disk. Congratulations, you are finished.
 
Now to finish up, type <code><nowiki>reboot</nowiki></code> and remove the floppy. Your client will now boot from the hard disk. Congratulations, you are finished.
−
 
−
 
 
[[category:CategoryDocumentation]]
 
[[category:CategoryDocumentation]]
  
 
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]
 
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]

2007年11月30日 (五) 21:51的版本

Geographylogo.png 文章出处: 

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/UbuntuLTSP/LTSPBootingClientsWithoutPxe

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English

请不要直接编辑翻译本页，本页将定期与来源同步。

Step 1

First identify what network interface card you have in your system. This can easily be done by booting an Ubuntu live cd on the client and running in a terminal. (low memory machines will need to either open the case and read the chip details on the nic, or try to pause the boot display (use the pause key) and read what the pci device ids are for your network card) 

lspci | grep Ethernet

I get the following output from various system I have: 

(amd64)jamie@doomguy:~$ lspci | grep Ethernet
0000:00:13.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8169 Gigabit Ethernet (rev 10)

jamie@pinky:~$ lspci | grep Ethernet
0000:00:09.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL-8139/8139C/8139C+ (rev 10)

Your output will look similar. Alternatively, we can boot a linux floppy disk and check what nic is in the client machine. You will need to have access to a linux machine, and a floppy disk. If you choose to do this then: Download tomsrtbt at http://www.toms.net/rb/download.html (choose the .tar.gz file) open an terminal and extract the downloaded .tar.gz archive with: 

tar xvzf thefile.tar.gz

cd to the tomsrtbt-<version> directory, have a good blank floppy and do: 

sudo ./install.s

Boot the client with the fresh tomsrtbt floppy. login as: root and password: xxxx then type dmesg | grep eth0 and note down the the network interface card details like: "RTL-8139" "3com 3C905b". I get the following output from one of my systems 

jamie@pinky:~$ dmesg | grep eth0
[   92.150912] eth0: RealTek RTL8139 at 0xda00, 00:05:1c:0a:33:3e, IRQ 5
[   92.150935] eth0:  Identified 8139 chip type 'RTL-8139C'
[  194.558188] eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1
[  205.533001] eth0: no IPv6 routers present

Your output will look similar.

Step 2

  • .zdsk and .ziso methods

Now we need to go to [1] to generate a boot image for the network interface. There are several choices we can make here: For a boot floppy disk image select .zdsk, (To make a boot floppy) For a boot cdrom image select .ziso, (To make a boot cd) For a boot hard disk partition image select .zhd, (To boot direct from the hard disk - this will totally erase the disk) For a boot LILO/GRUB/SYSLINUX image select .zlilo, (To add to the grub bootlaoder menu) Once you have decided how your system will boot, you will need to select the correct network driver. A * means any value there will work. Some common cards and their drivers are: Realtek 8139 = rtl8139:* Intel EtherExpress100 = eepro100:* Next select configure. Make sure PXELOADER_KEEP_ALL is ticked, and it is a good idea to also tick POWERSAVE, ALLMULTI, MULTICAST_LEVEL1, MULTICAST_LEVEL2, and DOWNLOAD_PROTO_TFTM When done, click get rom. The .ziso file is a standard iso image that you can burn to disk. The .zdsk file is a raw floppy image - on Linux you can copy it to a floppy like this: 

dd if=etherboot.zdsk of=/dev/fd0

while on windows you can use rawwrite, or winimage to write it to a floppy disk. If you chose .zdsk or .ziso congratulations, you are finished. Insert your boot floppy or cd, and boot your clients.

Final Steps

  • .zhd method

If you havn't already done so, download tomsrtbt at http://www.toms.net/rb/download.html (choose the .tar.gz file) open an terminal and extract the downloaded .tar.gz archive with: 

tar xvzf thefile.tar.gz

cd to the tomsrtbt-<version> directory, have a good blank floppy and do: 

sudo ./install.s

Boot the client with the fresh tomsrtbt floppy. login as: root and password: xxxx type: dmesg | grep hd and note the hd letter (usually hda on older pcs) A test system that gave the following output 

martin@mubuntu:~$ dmesg | grep hd
[4294670.861000]     ide0: BM-DMA at 0xf000-0xf007, BIOS settings: hda:DMA, hdb: DMA
[4294670.861000]     ide1: BM-DMA at 0xf008-0xf00f, BIOS settings: hdc:DMA, hdd: DMA
[4294671.125000] hda: ST380021A, ATA DISK drive
[4294672.409000] hdc: HL-DT-ST DVDRAM GSA-4163B, ATAPI CD/DVD-ROM drive
[4294674.766000] hda: max request size: 128KiB
[4294674.767000] hda: 156301488 sectors (80026 MB) w/2048KiB Cache, CHS=65535/16 /63, UDMA(100)
[4294674.767000] hda: cache flushes not supported
[4294674.845000] hdc: ATAPI 40X DVD-ROM DVD-R-RAM CD-R/RW drive, 2048kB Cache

Your output will look similar. In the above example hda: ST380021A, ATA DISK drive is the hard disk. Now run 

fdisk /dev/hda

You will see output similar to this: 

Platte /dev/hda: 80.0 GByte, 80026361856 Byte
255 Köpfe, 63 Sektoren/Spuren, 9729 Zylinder
Einheiten == Zylinder von 16065 × 512 == 8225280 Bytes
Gerät  boot.     Anfang        Ende     Blöcke   Id  System
/dev/hda1               2        2407    19326195    f  W95 Erw. (LBA)
/dev/hda2   *        2408        4445    16370231+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda3            4446        9541    40933620   83  Linux
/dev/hda4            9542        9729     1510110   82  Linux Swap / Solaris
/dev/hda5               2         915     7341673+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda6             916        1246     2658726    b  W95 FAT32
/dev/hda7            1247        2407     9325701    b  W95 FAT32

Delete all existing partitions with the d key, then make a new one with the n key. (A small partition is fine). Activate the partition you created with the a key, then press w to write it to disk and exit. Back on your linux machine, copy the downloaded .zhd file (eg eb-5.4.1-3c90x.zhd for an 3com 3C905) on a new dos format floppy. Now insert that floppy into the client machine, and mount it with the following command: 

mount -t vfat /dev/fd0 /mnt

Now copy the network interface card boot file to the client with the following: 

dd if=/mnt/eb-5.4.1-3c90x.zhd of=/dev/hda1

Now to finish up, type reboot and remove the floppy. Your client will now boot from the hard disk. Congratulations, you are finished.

取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=UbuntuHelp:UbuntuLTSP/LTSPBootingClientsWithoutPxe&oldid=38144”