UbuntuHelp:SynapticHowto/zh

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新立得是什么？

新立得是Ubuntu的包管理工具 apt, 的图形化前端。它结合了图形界面的简单操作和 apt-get 命令行工具的强大功能。您可以使用新立得安装、删除、配置、升级软件包，对软件包列表进行浏览、排序、搜索以及管理软件仓库或者升级整个系统。您可以进行一些系列操作形成操作队列，并一起执行它们。新立得会提示您可能的依赖关系（您所选择的软件包所需的额外软件包）以及您所选择的软件包与系统中已经安装了的软件包的冲突。

新立得在Kubuntu中的同类是 Adept. 需要获得关于使用adept管理软件的信息，请参考 Adept wiki page. 如果你更喜欢命令行的工具，请看考 apt-get 的指南。

启动

要运行新立得，点击 系统 > 系统管理 > 新立得软件包管理器.

And if you would like to see more details about a package, Right Click on a package > Properties

新立得的主窗口分为三个部分：左边是一个包浏览器，右上方是包列表以及右下方的包详细信息。状态栏显示您的系统的总体状态。

Browsing the package database

To browse the (very large) list of available packages by category, section, package status, custom filters, or recent searches. Click on the corresponding button at the bottom of the left window pane. You can also create your own filters. See the filters Filters section for details.

To search for packages by name or description, click on the Search button in the toolbar:

You can examine a number of package details in the lower right window pane such as its size, its dependencies, recommended or suggested additional packages, and a short description.

Anchor(filters)

How to apply filters

• To be added

Adding or Removing Software

• To install a package

• • Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

• • Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Installation from the context menu, or press Ctrl + I. If the package requires the installation of another package, a dialog box appears:

  Synaptic will warn you if your choices conflict with packages that are already installed on your system. If this is the case, the dialog box will show you any packages that need to be removed. If you are not sure you don't need the package(s) that will be removed, make sure you look up its function and use before you apply the changes you've made.

• • Click Mark to allow the installation of the additional package(s).

• • Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

• • A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made.

• • Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

• To remove or 'completely remove' a package

• • Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Removal from the context menu

• • Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

• • A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

 The Mark for Complete Removal option instructs Synaptic to remove any configuration files associated with the package as well.

• To upgrade a package

• • Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

• • Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Upgrade from the context menu, or press Ctrl + U.

• • Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

• • A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

Managing Repositories

You can manage the list of repositories or software channels from the Software Preferences Panel. To learn more about managing software channels in Ubuntu, see the Ubuntu Repositories wiki page. You can call up the software preferences panel from within Synaptic by selecting Repositories from the Settings menu.

As a front-end to apt, Synaptic uses the system-wide list of software repositories file located at

/etc/apt/sources.list 

For more on managing software channels, see the  Repositories wiki page.

Updating the Package List

Synaptic maintains a database of packages on your system in order to keep track of installed software. This list is checked against the software repositories to inform you of new packages or updates. Synaptic checks for new software packages when you launch Synaptic. It's a good idea to update the database from time to time while running Synaptic. In particular, you may want to do so if you have made changes to the list of software channels or if you have made changes to Synaptic's configuration. Just click on the Reload button or press Ctrl + R.

How to keep your system up-to-date

Synaptic provides two methods for upgrading your system:

• Smart Upgrade (Dist-Upgrade) -- recommended
  The smart upgrade method tries to resolve package conflicts. This includes installing additional dependencies (required packages) if needed and preferring packages with higher priority. Smart Upgrade has the same effect as the apt-get dist-upgrade tool on the command line.

• Default Upgrade
  The default upgrade method marks upgrades of installed packages only. If the new version of a package depends on not installed packages or coflicts with an already installed package, it will not be upgraded.

 Dist-upgrade is the default upgrade method used by Synaptic. To change the upgrade method,  choose Preferences from the Settings menu, then click on the General tab and adjust the System upgrade entry.

• To upgrade your system with Synaptic:

• • Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

• • Click Mark all Upgrades or press Ctrl + G.

• • Click Apply on the toolbar or press Ctrl + P. A dialog appears with a summary of the changes that will be made to your system.

• • Click Apply to confirm the changes and go ahead with the upgrade.

Integration with Update-Manager

Synaptic works hand-in-hand with Update-Manager to inform you about updates to the software installed on your system. If software or security updates are available, Update-Manager will display a pop-up message and an icon in the notification area on your GNOME desktop. To update your system, click on the notification icon, enter your password and click OK.

You can change the frequency of update checks in the Software Preferences panel. Choose Repositories from the Settings menu, then click on the Internet Updates tab and adjust the Check for updates entry.

Locating software on your system

Synaptic can tell you about every file that belongs to a software package it knows about and show you where it is located on your system. Search the database for the software package you are interested in and select it in Synaptic's main window. Next, click on the Installed Files tab to see a list of all files and where they are.

View the Changelog of a Package

Applies to native Debian (.deb) packages only

You can view the changelog of a package with Synaptic. Select a package, then choose Download Changelog from the Package menu.

View History

You can easily keep track of all changes made to your system's software configuration. To view the history log file, choose History from the File menu.

The history log only shows changes made with Synaptic.

How to force the installation of a package version

To be added: Why you would (and would not) want to force a specific version

• To force the installation of a package different from the one chosen by Synaptic, do the following:

• • • Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

• • • Select the package. Choose Force Version from the Package menu.

• • • Select the version you would like to use. To confirm your decision, click Force.

• • • Click Apply on the toolbar or press Ctrl + P. A dialog appears with a summary of the changes that will be made to your system. To confirm, press Apply.

How to fix broken packages

'Broken packages' are packages that have unsatisfied dependencies. If broken packages are detected, Synaptic will not allow any further changes to the system until all broken packages have been fixed.

• To fix broken packages

• • Choose Edit > Fix Broken Packages from the menu.

• • Choose Apply Marked Changes from the Edit menu or press Ctrl + P.

• • Confirm the summary of changes and click Apply.

Anchor(statusicons)

Status Icons

The following icons are used to indicate the status of a package in the package list:

Keyboard shortcuts for Synaptic

<tablestyle="font-size: 0.9em; background:#f1f1ed; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding:0.5em;" rowbgcolor="#dde3e7" tablewidth="80%"> Command

<:> Key Combination

Update the list of available packages

<:> Ctrl + R

Open the package search dialog

<:> Ctrl + F

Show the Properties window for the selected package

<:> Ctrl + O

Mark the selected package(s) for installation

<:> Ctrl + I

Mark the selected package(s) for upgrade

<:> Ctrl + U

Mark the selected package(s) for removal

<:> Delete

Mark the selected package(s) for complete removal

<:> Shift + Delete

Unmark any changes to packages

<:> Ctrl + N

Mark all possible upgrades

<:> Ctrl + G

Force the installation of a specific version of the package

<:> Ctrl + E

Undo the last change

<:> Ctrl + Z

Redo the last change

<:> Ctrl + Shift + Z

Apply all marked changes

<:> Ctrl + P

Quit Synaptic

<:> Ctrl + Q

How to free disk space

Settings | Preferences | FIles | Delete downloaded packages after installation then click Delete Cached Package Files

I just increased my disk space from 33M to 1G !

Troubleshooting

• What to do if an installation process fails and you find it is no longer possible to install or remove packages:
  • Open a Terminal and type the following at the command line:

apt-get install -f 

 Then press Return.

• Browser works, Synaptic will not (note: probably inaccurate or outdated)

• • If the router is set to auto discover DNS then Synaptic will fail. Resolve this by setting up a static ip address and manually set DNS ip in router. Now Ubuntu (system-administration-networking) config static ip and enter your ISP dns ip and delete router DNS ip which will look something like 192.168.1.1

See also

• Complete Detailed Step By Step Guide how to Use Synaptic Package Manager with Screenshots

• Basics of the Debian Package Management System

• Debian Apt User Manual

• Synaptic home page

• A Synaptic tutorial based on Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

• Point-n-Click Software Management with Synaptic (Debian Universe)

• The apt-get wiki page

• Managing Repositories in Ubuntu

• An introduction to SecureApt on the Debian Wiki

• Software Management wiki page

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