UbuntuHelp:SynapticHowto

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/SynapticHowto

点击翻译:

Other Languages: ComoSynaptic, Persian

Synaptic is graphical front-end to apt, the package management system of Ubuntu. It combines the point-and-click simplicity of the graphical user interface with the power of the apt-get command line tool. You can install, remove, configure or upgrade software packages, browse, sort and search the list of available software packages, manage repositories, or upgrade the whole system. You can queue up a number of actions before you execute them. Synaptic will inform you about dependencies (additional packages required by the software package you have chosen) as well as conflicts with other packages that are already installed on your system.

attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png Synaptic's sibling on the Kubuntu desktop is Adept. For more on how to manage software with adept, see the Adept wiki page. If you prefer to use the command line instead of a graphical user interface, see the guide to apt-get instead.

Getting Started

To launch Synaptic, choose System > Administration > Synaptic Package Manager.

attachment:Synaptic-Package-Manager.png

And if you would like to see more details about a package, Right Click on a package > Properties

attachment:Screenshot-apt-Properties.png

The main window is divided into three sections: a package browser on the left, the package list on the upper right, and package details on the lower right. The status bar shows you the system state at a glance.

Browsing the package database

To browse the (very large) list of available packages by category, section, package status, custom filters, or recent searches. Click on the corresponding button at the bottom of the left window pane. You can also create your own filters. See the filters Filters section for details.

To search for packages by name or description, click on the Search button in the toolbar:

attachment:synaptic-find.png

You can examine a number of package details in the lower right window pane such as its size, its dependencies, recommended or suggested additional packages, and a short description.

Anchor(filters)

How to apply filters

To be added

Adding or Removing Software

To install a package

- Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

- Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Installation from the context menu, or press Ctrl + I. If the package requires the installation of another package, a dialog box appears:

 attachment:synaptic-confirm-mk.png

 attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png Synaptic will warn you if your choices conflict with packages that are already installed on your system. If this is the case, the dialog box will show you any packages that need to be removed. If you are not sure you don't need the package(s) that will be removed, make sure you look up its function and use before you apply the changes you've made.

- Click Mark to allow the installation of the additional package(s).

- Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

- A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made.

 attachment:synaptic-confirm-install.png

- Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

To remove or 'completely remove' a package

- Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Removal from the context menu

- Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

- A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png The Mark for Complete Removal option instructs Synaptic to remove any configuration files associated with the package as well.

To upgrade a package

- Click Reload or press Ctrl + R to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

- Right-click on the package and choose Mark for Upgrade from the context menu, or press Ctrl + U.

- Once you're satisfied with your choices, click on Apply in the toolbar or press Ctrl + P.

- A dialog box appears with a summary of changes that will be made. Confirm the changes by clicking on Apply.

Managing Repositories

You can manage the list of repositories or software channels from the Software Preferences Panel. To learn more about managing software channels in Ubuntu, see the Ubuntu Repositories wiki page. You can call up the software preferences panel from within Synaptic by selecting Repositories from the Settings menu.

attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png As a front-end to apt, Synaptic uses the system-wide list of software repositories file located at

/etc/apt/sources.list </code>
 For more on managing software channels, see the [[UbuntuHelp:Repositories| Repositories wiki page]].


<br>
=== Updating the Package List ===

Synaptic maintains a database of packages on your system in order to keep track of installed software. This list is checked against the software repositories to inform you of new packages or updates. Synaptic checks for new software packages when you launch Synaptic. It's a good idea to update the database from time to time while running Synaptic. In particular, you may want to do so if you have made changes to the list of software channels or if you have made changes to Synaptic's configuration. Just click on the '''Reload''' button or press '''Ctrl  + R'''.


<br>
=== How to keep your system up-to-date ===

Synaptic provides two methods for upgrading your system:

* ''Smart Upgrade (Dist-Upgrade)'' -- ''recommended'' <br> The smart upgrade method tries to resolve package conflicts. This includes installing additional dependencies (required packages) if needed and preferring packages with higher priority. Smart Upgrade has the same effect as the ''apt-get dist-upgrade'' tool on the command line.

* ''Default Upgrade'' <br> The default upgrade method marks upgrades of installed packages only. If the new version of a package depends on not installed packages or coflicts with an already installed package, it will not be upgraded.

 attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png '''Dist-upgrade''' is the default upgrade method used by Synaptic. To change the upgrade method,  choose '''Preferences''' from the '''Settings''' menu, then click on the '''General''' tab and adjust the '''System upgrade''' entry.

* To upgrade your system with Synaptic:

** Click '''Reload''' or press '''Ctrl + R''' to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

** Click '''Mark all Upgrades''' or press '''Ctrl + G'''.

** Click '''Apply''' on the toolbar or press '''Ctrl + P'''. A dialog appears with a summary of the changes that will be made to your system.

** Click '''Apply''' to confirm the changes and go ahead with the upgrade.



<br>
attachment:IconsPage/info.png Integration with '''Update-Manager'''

Synaptic works hand-in-hand with '''Update-Manager''' to inform you about updates to the software installed on your system. If software or security updates are available, Update-Manager will display a pop-up message and an icon in the notification area on your GNOME desktop. To update your system, click on the notification icon, enter your password and click OK.

 attachment:update-notification.png


attachment:IconsPage/info.png You can change the frequency of update checks in the '''Software Preferences''' panel. Choose '''Repositories''' from the '''Settings''' menu, then click on the '''Internet Updates''' tab and adjust the ''Check for updates'' entry.

 attachment:synaptic-check4updates.png




<br>
=== Locating software on your system ===

Synaptic can tell you about every file that belongs to a software package it knows about and show you where it is located on your system. Search the database for the software package you are interested in and select it in Synaptic's main window. Next, click on the ''Installed Files'' tab to see a list of all files and where they are.


<br>
=== View the Changelog of a Package ===

attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png Applies to native Debian ('''.deb''') packages only

You can view the changelog of a package with Synaptic. Select a package, then choose '''Download Changelog''' from the '''Package''' menu.



<br>
=== View History ===

You can easily keep track of all changes made to your system's software configuration. To view the history log file, choose ''History'' from the ''File'' menu.

attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png The history log only shows changes made with Synaptic.


<br>
=== How to force the installation of a package version ===

attachment:IconsPage/eyes.png ''To be added: Why you would (and would not) want to force a specific version''

* To force the installation of a package different from the one chosen by Synaptic, do the following:

*** Click '''Reload''' or press '''Ctrl + R''' to make Synaptic aware of the latest updates.

*** Select the package. Choose '''Force Version''' from the '''Package''' menu.

*** Select the version you would like to use. To confirm your decision, click '''Force'''.

*** Click '''Apply''' on the toolbar or press '''Ctrl + P'''. A dialog appears with a summary of the changes that will be made to your system. To confirm, press '''Apply'''.



<br>
=== How to fix broken packages ===

attachment:IconsPage/warning.png 'Broken packages' are packages that have unsatisfied dependencies. If broken packages are detected, Synaptic will not allow any further changes to the system until all broken packages have been fixed.


* '''To fix broken packages'''

** Choose '''Edit''' > '''Fix Broken Packages''' from the menu.

** Choose '''Apply Marked Changes''' from the '''Edit''' menu or press '''Ctrl + P'''.

** Confirm the summary of changes and click '''Apply'''.


<br>
[[Anchor(statusicons)]]
=== Status Icons ===

The following icons are used to indicate the status of a package in the package list:

  attachment:synaptic-icon-legend.png



<br>
=== Keyboard shortcuts for Synaptic ===

<br>

 ||<tablestyle="font-size: 0.9em; background:#f1f1ed; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; padding:0.5em;" rowbgcolor="#dde3e7" tablewidth="80%"> '''Command''' ||<:> '''Key Combination''' ||
 || Update the list of available packages ||<:> '''Ctrl + R''' ||
 || Open the package search dialog ||<:> '''Ctrl + F''' ||
 || Show the Properties window for the selected package ||<:> '''Ctrl + O'''||
 || Mark the selected package(s) for installation ||<:> '''Ctrl + I''' ||
 || Mark the selected package(s) for upgrade ||<:> '''Ctrl + U''' ||
 || Mark the selected package(s) for removal ||<:> '''Delete''' ||
 || Mark the selected package(s) for complete removal ||<:> '''Shift + Delete''' ||
 || Unmark any changes to packages ||<:> '''Ctrl + N''' ||
 || Mark all possible upgrades ||<:> '''Ctrl + G''' ||
 || Force the installation of a specific version of the package ||<:> '''Ctrl + E''' ||
 || Undo the last change ||<:> '''Ctrl + Z''' ||
 || Redo the last change ||<:> '''Ctrl + Shift + Z''' ||
 || Apply all marked changes ||<:> '''Ctrl + P''' ||
 || Quit Synaptic ||<:> '''Ctrl + Q''' ||

<br>
=== How to free disk space ===
Settings | Preferences | FIles | Delete downloaded packages after installation
then click
Delete Cached Package Files

I just increased my disk space from 33M to 1G !


=== Troubleshooting ===


* What to do if an installation process fails and you find it is no longer possible to install or remove packages:
** Open a Terminal and type the following at the command line:
  <pre>
apt-get install -f </code>
  Then press '''Return'''.

* Browser works, Synaptic will not ''(note: probably inaccurate or outdated)''

** If the router is set to auto discover DNS then Synaptic will fail. Resolve this by setting up a static ip address and manually set DNS ip in router. Now Ubuntu (system-administration-networking) config static ip and enter your ISP dns ip and delete router DNS ip which will look something like 192.168.1.1





<br>
=== See also ===

* [http://www.debianadmin.com/simple-package-management-with-synaptic-package-manager-in-ubuntu.html Complete Detailed Step By Step Guide how to Use Synaptic Package Manager with Screenshots]

* [http://www.debian.org/doc/FAQ/ch-pkg_basics Basics of the Debian Package Management System]

* [http://www.debian.org/doc/user-manuals#apt-howto Debian Apt User Manual]

* [http://www.nongnu.org/synaptic/ Synaptic home page]

* [http://dabar.selfip.org/synaptic.html A Synaptic tutorial] based on Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

* [http://www.debianuniverse.com/readonline/chapter/06 Point-n-Click Software Management with Synaptic] (Debian Universe)

* [[UbuntuHelp:AptGetHowto| The apt-get wiki page]]

* [[UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Ubuntu| Managing Repositories in Ubuntu]]

* [http://wiki.debian.org/SecureApt An introduction to SecureApt] on the Debian Wiki

* [[UbuntuHelp:SoftwareManagement| Software Management wiki page]]


<br>
----
CategoryDocumentation

[[category:UbuntuHelp]]

个人工具

UbuntuHelp:SynapticHowto - Ubuntu中文

搜索

导航

编辑

工具