“UbuntuHelp:ServerGUI”的版本间的差异
来自Ubuntu中文
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Note that Ubuntu server's command line interface comes with a powerful window manager: the [http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/ screen] program which makes it easy to manage multiple terminal sessions. The https://launchpad.net/screen-profiles package adds support for status bars, clocks, notifiers (reboot-required, updates-available) etc. The screen program has been in all versions of Ubuntu. Screen-profiles is in Jaunty by default, though the [http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/screen-profiles/ binary package] will install and work in Hardy and Intrepid as well. | Note that Ubuntu server's command line interface comes with a powerful window manager: the [http://www.gnu.org/software/screen/ screen] program which makes it easy to manage multiple terminal sessions. The https://launchpad.net/screen-profiles package adds support for status bars, clocks, notifiers (reboot-required, updates-available) etc. The screen program has been in all versions of Ubuntu. Screen-profiles is in Jaunty by default, though the [http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/s/screen-profiles/ binary package] will install and work in Hardy and Intrepid as well. | ||
== GUI Alternatives == | == GUI Alternatives == | ||
| − | Instead of installing a full GUI on an Ubuntu server, you might consider using a web based administration package such as [[UbuntuHelp:eBox|eBox]] | + | Instead of installing a full GUI on an Ubuntu server, you might consider using a web based administration package such as [[UbuntuHelp:eBox|eBox]], [http://www.ispconfig.org/ ISPConfig] or [http://www.webmin.com/ Webmin]. |
== X11 Client Installation == | == X11 Client Installation == | ||
You may find it preferable to only run specific X11 clients on the server, and forward the X11 connections over ssh to display them on your desktop of choice. This way you avoid the need for an X11 server or desktop environment on the server itself. But note on the other hand that this opens up different vulnerabilities if the remote desktop can be compromised. | You may find it preferable to only run specific X11 clients on the server, and forward the X11 connections over ssh to display them on your desktop of choice. This way you avoid the need for an X11 server or desktop environment on the server itself. But note on the other hand that this opens up different vulnerabilities if the remote desktop can be compromised. | ||
| − | To do this, simply install the applications you need, and apt-get will bring in other packages as needed to satisfy the dependencies. | + | To do this, install the xauth pachage, then simply install the applications you need, and apt-get will bring in other packages as needed to satisfy the dependencies. |
| + | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| + | sudo apt-get install xauth | ||
| + | </nowiki></pre> | ||
== X11 Server Installation == | == X11 Server Installation == | ||
If you want an X11-server-based GUI there are several light weight desktop environments that may work better than a standard Gnome or KDE environment. | If you want an X11-server-based GUI there are several light weight desktop environments that may work better than a standard Gnome or KDE environment. | ||
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== Full Desktop Environments == | == Full Desktop Environments == | ||
To install the Gnome desktop on Ubuntu server Edition enter: | To install the Gnome desktop on Ubuntu server Edition enter: | ||
| + | For Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala): | ||
| + | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| + | sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop | ||
| + | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| + | For Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) and Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron): | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo apt-get install gnome-desktop-environment | sudo apt-get install gnome-desktop-environment | ||
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* For '''XFCE''' enter '''xubuntu-desktop'''. | * For '''XFCE''' enter '''xubuntu-desktop'''. | ||
The end result will be very very similar to what you would get if you installed from the ubuntu, kubuntu or xubuntu CD and added server-related packages to it. But the kernel on the server CD is tuned better for the workloads you get when running as a server, e.g. by using the "Deadline" scheduler and less frequent clock interrupts. | The end result will be very very similar to what you would get if you installed from the ubuntu, kubuntu or xubuntu CD and added server-related packages to it. But the kernel on the server CD is tuned better for the workloads you get when running as a server, e.g. by using the "Deadline" scheduler and less frequent clock interrupts. | ||
| − | |||
'''Alternative:''' | '''Alternative:''' | ||
If the above is giving you trouble, try the tasksel way. | If the above is giving you trouble, try the tasksel way. | ||
2010年5月20日 (四) 00:10的最新版本
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目录
Introduction
This guide covers installing an X11 Graphical User Interface (GUI) environment on Ubuntu servers. Conventional wisdom states that in most cases it is better to not install a GUI on a production server.
Arguments Against a GUI
Most Ubuntu Server developers do not recommend installing X on a server. There are multiple reasons for not installing a GUI. Some reasons to not install a GUI include:
- You'll have more code subject to security vulnerabilities, more packages that need updating, and more server downtime.
- X11 and desktop packages are not supported for the full 5 year lifecycle of the LTS server release.
- Performance may suffer because resources (memory, hard disk space, CPU, etc.) will be consumed by the GUI.
- It is best practice to only install needed software on a production server.
- The GUI may include other network services that are inappropriate for a server.
- One of the goals of Ubuntu Desktop Edition is to make it easier for users to use Linux. When installing some desktop environments, services that you may not specifically want will be installed. For example avahi-daemon, which is used to help configure networking, adds another open port and may introduce unwanted DNS conflicts with a .local domain.
So for the most secure server it is best to not install a GUI.
Screen and Screen-profiles
Note that Ubuntu server's command line interface comes with a powerful window manager: the screen program which makes it easy to manage multiple terminal sessions. The https://launchpad.net/screen-profiles package adds support for status bars, clocks, notifiers (reboot-required, updates-available) etc. The screen program has been in all versions of Ubuntu. Screen-profiles is in Jaunty by default, though the binary package will install and work in Hardy and Intrepid as well.
GUI Alternatives
Instead of installing a full GUI on an Ubuntu server, you might consider using a web based administration package such as eBox, ISPConfig or Webmin.
X11 Client Installation
You may find it preferable to only run specific X11 clients on the server, and forward the X11 connections over ssh to display them on your desktop of choice. This way you avoid the need for an X11 server or desktop environment on the server itself. But note on the other hand that this opens up different vulnerabilities if the remote desktop can be compromised. To do this, install the xauth pachage, then simply install the applications you need, and apt-get will bring in other packages as needed to satisfy the dependencies.
sudo apt-get install xauth
X11 Server Installation
If you want an X11-server-based GUI there are several light weight desktop environments that may work better than a standard Gnome or KDE environment.
To install a minimal X11 on Ubuntu Server Edition enter the following:
sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg xserver-xorg-core
Next install a Window Manager:
sudo apt-get install openbox
Note: you can replace openbox with fluxbox, blackbox, etc.
Full Desktop Environments
To install the Gnome desktop on Ubuntu server Edition enter: For Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic Koala):
sudo apt-get install ubuntu-desktop
For Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) and Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron):
sudo apt-get install gnome-desktop-environment
- For KDE change gnome-desktop-environment to kubuntu-desktop.
- For XFCE enter xubuntu-desktop.
The end result will be very very similar to what you would get if you installed from the ubuntu, kubuntu or xubuntu CD and added server-related packages to it. But the kernel on the server CD is tuned better for the workloads you get when running as a server, e.g. by using the "Deadline" scheduler and less frequent clock interrupts. Alternative: If the above is giving you trouble, try the tasksel way. (Warning: the following can remove packages that have been manually installed via apt-get.)
sudo tasksel
Then choose which package (e.g. Ubuntu Desktop) to install. Downloading the package will take a while (no progress bar for the download portion) so be patient.
