UbuntuHelp:RestrictedFormats-RU

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Отказ от ответственности

Ограничения патентов и лицензий на медиа форматы могут осложнять распространение и поддержку программного обеспечения, которое использует такие форматы. Ubuntu активно поддерживает свободные форматы. Эта страница поможет Вам получить возможность использования большинства несвободных форматов в Ubuntu. Если всё это кажется Вам слишком сложным для получения возможности воспроизведения несвободных форматов, помните, что Ubuntu ограничивается владельцами этих лицензий и патентов. Будьте уверены, что DRM и подобные ограничения тщательно проконтролированы Вами -- open source сообществом и пользователями свободного программного обеспечения. Использование некоторых пакетов, описанных ниже, может быть нелегальным в Вашей стране.

Приступая к установке

• Вы должны иметь администраторские привилегии для установки пакетов. RootSudo объясняет каким образом Ubuntu предоставляет необходимые привилегии.
• Почти все приложения, упомянутые на этой странице, находятся в репозиториях Universe и Multiverse. Инструкции по подключению этих репозиториев смотрите в Repositories.
• Некоторые пакеты, упомянутые на этой странице, находятся в репозиториях, которые Ubuntu не контролирует. Это пакеты:
• realplayer
• w32codecs

Проигрывание несвободных медиа-файлов

Проигрыватели Ubuntu

• В Ubuntu используются Totem (проигрыватель видео) и Rhythmbox (музыкальный проигрыватель)
• Kubuntu содержит Kaffeine (проигрыватель видео и музыки) и Amarok (музыкальный проигрыватель)

Эти приложения воспроизводят свободные форматы (Ogg Vorbis, Ogg Theora, и другие) 'из коробки'. Однако, они так же могут воспроизводить многие несвободные форматы если Вы установите некоторые дополнительные пакеты..

MP3s

Подключите репозитории multiverse и universe и установите требуемые пакеты. Для установки используйте свой менеджер пакетов или наберите в терминале '$sudo apt-get install имя_пакета'

Ubuntu

Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Установите пакет

gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) Установите пакет

gstreamer0.8-mad

Все версии Ubuntu Файловый менеджер Ubuntu может производить предварительное прослушивание музыкальных файлов во время перемещения указателя мыши над иконкой файла. Если Вам нравится эта функциональность, установите следующие пакеты:

mpg321 vorbis-tools

Если Вы слышите звук с прерываниями во время проигрывания или предварительного прослушивания mp3, попробуйте установить 'mpg123-esd' вместо mpg321 mpg123-esd несвободный пакет, и находится в репозитории multiverse.

Kubuntu

Kubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Установите пакет

libxine-extracodecs

Для поддержки mp3 при использовании K3b установите пакет

libk3b2-mp3

Kubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

Kubuntu использует два различных метода проигрывания mp3 файлов. Если Вы используете версию amarok, которая поставлялась с Kubuntu 5.10, установите пакет

gstreamer0.8-mad

Если Вы используете библиотеку akode, установите

akode-mpeg

Для поддержки mp3 при использовании K3b установите пакет

k3b-mad

Сохранение звуковых CD в сжатом виде

Если Ваш портативный музыкальный проигрыватель не поддерживает свободные форматы, страница CDRipping объяснит как сконвертировать Ваш CD в MP3 и AAC.

Другие несвободные форматы

В этом не нуждаются пользователи Kubuntu, так как в libxine-extracodecs это всё содержится. Подключите universe и multiverse репозитории и установите необходимые пакеты Вашим менеджером пакетов. Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) Установите пакеты

gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse gstreamer0.10-pitfdll libxine-main1 libxine-extracodecs

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) Установите пакеты

gstreamer0.8-plugins  gstreamer0.8-plugins-multiverse  gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg

<<Anchor(alternateplayers)>>

Альтернативные медиа-проигрыватели

В настоящее время наилучшую поддержку MPEG-1, MPEG-2, MPEG-4 (например, закодированных с помощью DivX, XviD или FFmpeg MPEG-4), QuickTime и других несвободных форматов обеспечивают Totem-xine, Kaffeine, gxine и MPlayer. Воспроизведение WMV или RealVideo файлов требует программное обеспечение, которое Ubuntu не может распространять (смотрите секцию [[UbuntuHelp:[w32codecs|кодеки Windows]]] для инструкций по установке).

Ubuntu

Totem-xine или gxine рекомендуются для большинства пользователей с тех пор, как Mplayer стал слишком сложным в настройке и использовании. Если Вы хотите попробовать эти медиа-плееры, подключите репозитории universe и multiverse и установите следующие пакеты: Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake)

totem-xine gxine mplayer

Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) и более ранние версии

totem-xine gxine

Для инструкций по установке Mplayer смотрите MplayerInstallHowto

Kubuntu

В дополнение к проигрывателю kaffeine, Вы можете попробовать KMplayer и Codeine. Установите пакеты: Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake)

kmplayer codeine mplayer xine-ui

<<Anchor(w32codecs)>>

Кодеки Windows

i386 distribution

Поддержка таких форматов как WMV, RealMedia и т.д. возможна при установке пекета 'w32codecs. Т.к. этот пакет не поддерживается Ubuntu, вам необходимо скачать его с неофициального репозитория. Просто наберите в терминале:

wget -c http://www.debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/w/w32codecs/w32codecs_20060611-0.0_i386.deb; sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_20060611-0.0_i386.deb

{X} Файлы WMV кодированные с использованием DRM (Digital Rights Management) этими кодеками не поддерживаются. {i} Если вы чувствуете прирывистые звуки при проигрывании WMV файлов, попрубуйте эту заплатку this

AMD64 distribution

The [[UbuntuHelp:[w32codecs|Windows Codecs]]] cannot be used directly by the AMD64 distribution. Some people solve this problem by installing the i386 Ubuntu distribution inside a chroot (for example, Linux Vserver or dchroot), and this works very well.

PowerPC distribution

The PowerPC distribution cannot use the [[UbuntuHelp:[w32codecs|Windows Codecs]]].

Playing Streaming Video from the Internet

This is not needed for Konqueror; Kubuntu comes with a plugin by default. There are a variety of plugins that allow you to play streaming video in your browser. The recommended plugin is totem-xine-firefox-plugin. You should install the [[UbuntuHelp:[w32codecs|Windows Codecs]]], enable the universe repository and, install the totem-xine-firefox-plugin package.

Playing DVDs

Most commercial DVDs are encrypted with CSS (the Content Scrambling System). The movie players provided in Ubuntu are capable of reading DVDs that are not encrypted. You can enable reading encrypted DVDs in MPlayer, xine and Totem-xine by installing libdvdcss2. Ubuntu 6.06's GNOME default version of Totem does not support playing DVDs. You must install Totem-xine in order to play DVDs using Totem. See [[UbuntuHelp:[alternateplayers|Alternative Media Players]]] for instructions.

Installing libdvdcss2

To install libdvdcss2, type the following in a terminal:

sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh

What to do if your DVD player locks up

If your DVD player locks up on nearly every DVD movie you try to play, you probably have a DVD player that does not match your Region Code. A Region Code indicates the geographical region where the DVD was published. For example, you cannot play a DVD published in Japan on a DVD player in the United States without changing the Region Code of the DVD player. The author of regionset states that you can only change regions 4 times. The This procedure is irreversible, and may render your drive permanently unable to read DVDs encoded for your region. To change the Region Code of your DVD player, insert a DVD from your region in the DVD player, and type the following. Install the regionset package. Run regionset on the command line.

Jerky Playback

If DVD playback is jerky or you notice that burning a CD/DVD is slower than it should be, then you may need to enable DMA transfer for that drive. See the DMA page for details.

RealPlayer 10

You can install Realplayer 10 by simply typing in a terminal:

wget -c http://www.debian-multimedia.org/pool/main/r/realplay/realplayer_10.0.7-0.0_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i realplayer_10.0.7-0.0_i386.deb

Most of Real's non-free media formats can be played by MPlayer, xine, and Totem-xine when either Realplayer 10 or the [[UbuntuHelp:[w32codecs|Windows Codecs]]] are installed.

Real Media

If you want Realplayer to be the default application to open particular Real'Media' file types, use the File Manager to navigate to a folder containing a sample Real'Media file. Click the file with the right mouse button, select Properties, and then the tab Open With. Click the radio button next to Real'Player 10, and close the dialog window.

Smil

Use the File Manager to navigate to a folder containing a Smil' file. Click the file with the right mouse button, select Properties, and then the tab Open With. Click the radio button next to Real'Player 10, and close the dialog window.

Macromedia Flash

Macromedia's Flash Player is only available for i386 based machines, and Shock Wave is not available at all. There are projects that are attempting to provide free support for Flash, and currently they are the only way to get Flash support for the PPC and AMD64 distributions of Ubuntu. Flash can be problematic, so if you have problems (and solutions), read Flash Issues below.

Flash for i386

To add Flash Player support for konqueror, mozilla, firefox, epiphany and other browsers, enable the multiverse repository and, in a terminal, type:

Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake)

Install the flashplugin-nonfree package. {i} Note to Kubuntu Users: Konqueror DOES NOT auto-detect flash. There are a few steps you must use for flash to work:

   In the menu bar of konqueror click settings (Next to help) --> configure konqueror' --> scroll down the side to plugins --> click scan for new plugins
  

It should now work

for Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger)

Install the flashplugin-nonfree package. {i} Note: If you are using Ubuntu 5.10 or prior and installed FireFox 1.5.x from ff1.5 than you will need to make a symlink for flash by typing the following.

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/*flash* /opt/firefox/plugins
  

{i} Note to Kubuntu Users: Konqueror DOES NOT auto-detect flash. There are a few steps you must use for flash to work:

   In the menu bar of konqueror click settings (Next to help) --> configure konqueror --> scroll down the side to plugins --> click scan for new plugins
  

It should now work

for Ubuntu 5.04 (Hoary Hedgehog)

Install the flashplugin-nonfree package.

Flash for AMD64 and PPC

"For those of us with 64-bit processors (or Mac) there is no non-free flash implementation available because the manufacturer does not support them. However, there are two free implementations. One is gplflash and the other is swfdec. There is also gplflash2 in development that aims to be the proper free, open source replacement for all the platforms. While you can install them using apt-get, they tend not to work very well and are unstable, so that option is not great. Better to install one of them (I recommend gplflash) manually." If you are determined, another option is to install a i386 ubuntu in a DebootstrapChroot and launch your browser with flash plugin from there.

Flash Issues

Sound

Symptoms

• Flash videos stop playing after 1 second.
• Firefox freezes when going to another page ater having tried to view a flash video.
• The firefox process not correctly ending after having tried to view a flash video.

Possible Fixes

After Flash is installed, if the sound is not working properly, or you experience one of the above symptoms, try one of the following solutions: Open the terminal, and type the following commands: Install alsa-oss package. Open:

sudo nano /etc/firefox/firefoxrc
  

Add/Change line:

  FIREFOX_DSP="aoss"
  

• Restart FireFox, and try the page again.

If the above does not work, try the following: Open:

gedit ~/.mozilla/firefox/rc
  

Add the line:

  FIREFOX_DSP="none"
  

As an alternative solution, if the above doesn't solve the problem: Type the following in a terminal:

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/libesd.so.0 /usr/lib/libesd.so.1
  

Video

If you use an Intel 855GM video card, ensure you set the X server colour depth to 24 bits, otherwise you will probably experience Firefox crashes.

Fonts

If you are viewing a Flash video and you do not see any text, the following command should help: Install the gsfonts gsfonts-x11 packages.

Macromedia Shockwave

Installation

The Shockwave player is unfortunately only available for Windows, but it's possible to run (some) Windows programs on Linux using Wine. Wine will only work on a PC, and users of 64-bit Ubuntu may encounter problems with it. Then you will need mozplugger, which is a program that lets you "embed" other programs in your web browser. First, install Wine and mozplugger. Open a terminal and type: Install the wine mozplugger packages. Then you need to install the Windows version of Firefox (yes you read that right). Download it from here: http://www.mozilla.com/firefox/all.html . Choose to open the installer with Wine and follow the instructions on the screen. When the installation has finished go to a web site that requires Shockwave and choose to get the missing plugin. When the plugin has installed and is working you may close Firefox. Now you need to configure mozplugger to use the Windows version of Firefox for Shockwave files. From a terminal, type this:

sudo -b gedit /etc/mozpluggerrc
  

Add the following two lines to the end of the file:

application/x-director: dir,dcr,dxr,cst,cct,cxt,w3d,fgd,swa: Macromedia Director file
	swallow(firefox.exe) fill: wine "C:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe" -chrome "file://Z:$file"
  

Finally you need to make Firefox reload the plugin database. Close all Firefox windows and do this in a terminal:

rm ~/.mozilla/firefox/pluginreg.dat
  

Now Shockwave should (hopefully) work for you. You can test it on the Test Macromedia Shockwave & Flash Players page. However some Shockwave objects may not work (see below).

Shockwave Issues and Workarounds

• Objects appear in a small window of its own.

Cause 1: Wine or Shockwave is still running in the background Workaround 1: Type this in a terminal to end all wine processes:

killall wine-preloader -s KILL
  

Cause 2: mozplugger does not handle multiple objects. I don't know how to fix this.

• Objects claim they're being run from the harddisk

Cause: The files are first downloaded and then run from the Windows version of Firefox. Workaround: Change the /etc/mozpluggerrc file so that streaming is enabled: Change this line:

swallow(firefox.exe) fill: wine "C:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe" -chrome "file://Z:$file"
    

Into:

swallow(firefox.exe) fill stream: wine "C:\\Program Files\\Mozilla Firefox\\firefox.exe" -chrome "$file"
    

Then remove ~/.mozilla/firefox/pluginreg.dat and restart Firefox. This may not work if you are connected using IPv6 or a proxy.

• Objects claim they're "stolen"

Cause (when using streaming): The Shockwave object expects the "Referrer" HTTP header to be set, and it's not when using mozplugger. Workaround: None yet

AAC and iTunes Music Store

AAC decoding

The default audio format used by Apple's iTunes and iPod is AAC. This is a variant of the MPEG standard, and as such has patent issues. However, you can listen to AAC files in rhythmbox or amarok by installing gstreamer0.8-faad. You will need this for listening to any AAC file, including those bought from the iTunes Music Store (see below for more info on using the music store on Linux). Warning: songs purchased from the iTunes music store (.m4p) are encrypted and will not just play using gstreamer0.8-faad. You will need to decrypt them first.

For Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake):

Install the gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse package.

AAC encoding:

FAAC can be used to encode AACs, although this is somewhat experimental compared to MP3 encoding at this point. For encoding programs which use gstreamer, there is a gstreamer plugin called gstreamer0.8-faac. See CDRipping for how to encode CDs to AAC. For other programs, you may be able to utilize FAAC directly to encode to AACs using the "faac" package.

iTunes Music Store

Apple's iTunes Music Store sells music online with a large selection of artists. Songs are in 128K AAC format, and cost varies by country. Apple only has Mac and Windows clients, but it also can be used on Linux. There are two different methods by which this can be done. First of all, you can use CodeWeavers CrossOver Office (available at http://www.codeweavers.com) to install the Windows version of iTunes on Ubuntu. This will allow you to buy iTunes songs on Linux and listen to them. However, the main caveats of this approach are that 1) it costs money 2) it is not a fully Linux-native solution. As an alternative to using CrossOver, there is a new, Free program called PyMusique which allows basic usage of the iTunes Music Store on Linux. This works better than using iTunes on CrossOver, but PyMusique has fewer features than the official iTunes client at this point and may be in violation of the iTunes Music Store terms of service. To use this on Ubuntu, first install gstreamer0.8-faad and libmcrypt4. Then, go to http://fuware.nanocrew.net/pymusique/ or a mirror (google "pymusique 0.4" for mirrors) and download the pymusique, python2.4-mcrypt, python2.4-vlc, and python2.4-mp4ff packages. Finally, install all the packages you downloaded from the above website. You can now launch PyMusique from the Applications-Internet menu, and purchase songs (although you may have to restart your system for this to work). PyMusique has been superceded by SharpMusique, available from http://www.nanocrew.net/software/sharpmusique/. It is available as a .deb for Breezy Badger and allows you to preview songs, signup for an account, buy songs and albums, redownload songs that you bought, and more.

Getting Java

Included in the main section of Ubuntu is the java-gcj-compat package; several solutions are available to install the Blackdown, IBM and Sun Java runtime environments and development kits.

Ubuntu 6.06

• Sun Java5: Thanks to a redistribution license change from Sun, official Sun java packages are now available in the multiverse repositories. Install it from the Applications -> Add/Remove... menu, or install the sun-java5-bin package.
• Blackdown Java2 1.4 packages: Install the j2re1.4 package, available in the multiverse repositories. Install it from the Applications -> Add/Remove... menu, or install the j2re1.4 package.

Ubuntu 5.10

• For Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger), the easiest method is to use the Blackdown Java 1.4 installer from Multiverse. To install Java with the installer, just install the j2re1.4 package.
• Ubuntu PPC, please see: JavaPPC. Ubuntu AMD64, please see: JavaAMD64.

Sun Java directly from Sun

Note: See above for the preferred method installing the non-free / restricted Java packages. The alternative method it to get the latest version from Sun. This version of Java works better for most applications. Sun's implementation of Java and Java plugin for browsers however is non-free. Free Java is in active development and will be the preferred choice once it is released. Blackdown Java is non-free. It is a direct port of Sun's Java implementation, and is subject to the same licenses, as stated in the Blackdown FAQ. The only current advantage of using Blackdown over Sun is that Blackdown is to have the the i386 package show up in apt. Those interested in a free (GPL) Java implementation may wish to look at Kaffe, which is available in the universe repository. Go to http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp and click on “Download JRE 5.0 Update 7”. Ensure you do not choose one of the JDK or J2EE versions unless you are going to develop Java applications. You must first accept the licence, then click on “Linux self-extracting file” (jre-1_5_0_07-linux-i586.bin). Save this file to your hard drive. Make the downloaded file executable. At the command line, change to the directory where you downloaded the file, and type:

  chmod +x jre-1_5_0_07-linux-i586.bin

Install the install fakeroot java-package java-common packages. If you get an error when installing java-package, you need to enable the multiverse repository (see AddingRepositoriesHowto). Use make-jpkg to translate Sun's bin file into a debian package:

  fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_07-linux-i586.bin

{i} Note: You can see warning mesages like the ones below, but there is nothing to worry about.

  mkdir: cannot create directory `/etc/.java': Permission denied
  ./jdk-1_5_0_07-linux-i586.bin: line 507: /usr/share/mime-info/java-archive.keys: Permission denied

{X} Note: If you get an error similar to this:

  Loading plugins: blackdown-j2re.sh blackdown-j2sdk.sh common.sh ibm-j2re.sh ibm-j2sdk.sh j2re.sh j2sdk.sh j2se.sh sun-j2re.sh sun-j2sdk.sh

  No matching plugin was found.

Try:

  DEB_BUILD_GNU_TYPE=i386-linux fakeroot make-jpkg jre-1_5_0_07-linux-i586.bin

or similar command if you are not using i386 architecture. Install the created package using dpkg:

  sudo dpkg -i sun-j2re1.5_1.5.0+update07_i386.deb

{i} Note: in above example, i386 might have to be i586.

Sun Java SDK (Software Development Kit)

Note: Outdated; see above for the preferred method to install the sun-java5 packages. Install the sun-java5-jdk or j2sdk1.4 package. The same procedure can also be used to install Sun's Java SDK instead of just the runtime environment (JRE). Just choose "Download JDK 5.0 Update 7" when downloading the package from Sun, and replace the file name with jdk-1_5_0_07-linux-i586.bin

Selecting the default Java version

In Ubuntu 6.06 or 5.10, if you want to use Sun's Java instead of the open source GIJ (GNU Java bytecode interpreter) you need to set it as default. Run:

  sudo update-alternatives --config java

and select your preference from the list. {i} Note: You probably want to do the same with jar, javac, javadoc, javah, javap and javaws:

  sudo update-alternatives --config jar

To get common java applications (installed using .deb-packages) to run under your JVM of choice, make sure you also edit the JVM configuration file:

  sudo -b gedit /etc/jvm

and add the line:

  /usr/lib/j2sdk1.5-sun

Packages such as ant starts the first JVM found in this file.

Sun Java J2EE SDK

Note: Outdated; see above for the preferred method to install the sun-java5 packages. At the moment, there's no possibility to create a deb as described above for the J2EE SDK so you have to download the jdk from the site http://java.sun.com and then install the libstdc++2.10-dev package. then install as user the binary file that you have downloaded before. {i} Note:Remember to add the jar j2ee.jar in your IDE e.g. eclipse if you want to develop JSP and/or Servlet

Java on Konqueror

You may find that Java is disabled, even though it is set up correctly in the "Configure Konqueror" Dialog. Select "HTML Settings->Java" from the Tools menu to enable it.

Java on Mozilla Firefox

Note: Outdated; see above for the preferred method to install the sun-java5 packages. Install the sun-java5-plugin package. Installing Java without following the previous steps does not alert Firefox to its presence. If you simply executed the .bin file you downloaded, you will need to tell Firefox or Mozilla where to find the plugin library: If you do not have a .mozilla/plugins directory in your home directory, create one:

mkdir -p /home/username/.mozilla/plugins

Then create links to plugin files:

  cd ~/.mozilla/plugins
  ln -s /usr/lib/j2re1.5-sun/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so libjavaplugin_oji.so
  sudo ln -s /usr/lib/j2re1.5-sun/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/plugins/

You can skip these steps if you used the make-jpkg command. If you have downloaded more than one, you need to modify the command to be more specific. Note: For 6.06 Dapper the links seem to have changed (at least for the installation via the new licence package) so try this

cd ~/.mozilla/plugins

ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so libjavaplugin_oji.so

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun/jre/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so /usr/lib/firefox/plugins/

Java on amd64 computers

Note: Outdated; see above for the preferred method to install the sun-java5 and j2re1.4/j2sdk1.4 packages. Unfortunately, Sun's Java for 64-bit PC's does't work very well yet, but the Blackdown version of Java works and is available in the Ubuntu 5.10 (Breezy Badger) Multiverse repository. Just install the j2re1.4 j2re1.4-mozilla-plugin Afterwards restart Firefox and you should have a working Java plugin.

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/RestrictedFormats-RU

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