UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Ubuntu/Dapper

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• UbuntuHelp:Repositories/Ubuntu

This page is specific to Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake. For all other versions of Ubuntu and an explanation of what repositories are, please see Repositories/Ubuntu.

Adding Repositories in Ubuntu

The operations described on this page modify the software repositories configuration file located at /etc/apt/sources.list Software sources can also be managed by making direct modifications to this file using the command line. If you prefer to use the command line instead of a graphical user interface, see Managing Repositories from the Command Line instead. <<Anchor(AddUniverse)>>

Adding the Universe and Multiverse Repositories

• Navigate to System->Administration->Software Properties. You will have to enter your password here.

• A list of repositories or "Channels" will be shown. Select "Ubuntu 6.06 LTS (Binary)" from the list, click "Add", select "Community maintained (Universe)" and "Non-free (Multiverse)" by clicking their check boxes. Now click the "Add" button. You can do the same for the (Source) option if you want to be able to download source code, as is shown in this screenshot below.

• Click Close to save your changes. A dialog box should appear, asking whether you'd like to update the list of repositories. Click Reload to apply your changes.

Integration with Synaptic Package Manager

• The next time you use the Synaptic Package Manager from System->Administration, click on the Reload button to make it aware of the new software repositories.

• You can also manage software repositories from within Synaptic by selecting Settings->Repositories.

<<Anchor(other)>>

Adding Other Repositories

Note: There are some (but not many) good reasons for which you might want to add non-Ubuntu repositories to your list of software sources. For example, some software cannot be distributed by Ubuntu due to patent and licensing restrictions in some countries (see the RestrictedFormats page for examples). You might want to add repositories that offer such software. You can also download an official repository for your machine architecture (i.e. i386) and use it offline (see AptGet/Offline/Repository). Make sure that all repositories you add in this way have been tested and are known to work on Ubuntu systems. Repositories that are not designed to work with your version of Ubuntu can introduce inconsistencies in your system and might force you to re-install.

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<<Anchor(add)>> You can add custom software repositories by adding the APT line of your software source to the list of repositories. To do so, click on the Add button next to the Channel list in the Software Preferences panel, then select Custom. <<Anchor(aptline)>>

• Enter the apt line into the dialog box. It should look something like this:

deb http://mirror3.ubuntulinux.nl/ dapper-seveas freenx 

For an explanation of the different parts of the apt line, see the [[UbuntuHelp:[edit|Editing Repositories]]] section below.

Managing Local Repositories

Disable the CD-ROM Repository

If you have installed Ubuntu from one of Ubuntu's CD-ROMs, the CD will be included in the list of repositories used by the package management tools. When you install a new package, Synaptic will check whether the package is available locally (i.e. on the CD-ROM). Synaptic may then ask for the CD-ROM. This can help reduce the size of downloads and speed up the installation process. If you would like Synaptic to rely solely on the internet repositories for package management, you can disable the CD-ROM entry with a few steps:

• Launch Synaptic and navigate to Settings->Repositories. <
  > A list of software repositories or "Channels" will be shown.
• Locate the entry for the CD-ROM (it may say something like CD disk with Ubuntu 6.06 LTS). Click on the checkbox next to it to disable the CD-ROM as a software source.
• Click the Close button to save the changes you have made.
• You can re-enable the CD-ROM at any time using the checkbox next to its entry.

Removing Repositories

To remove software sources ("Channels") from the list, select the source and click on the Remove button. (If you only want to disable the repository temporarily, uncheck the checkbox next to the source instead.) Use with caution: At present, you will not be asked to confirm the remove action. This is not a problem with the Ubuntu repositories as you can simply [[UbuntuHelp:[add|add them again]]], but you may have to look up a custom repository line if you mistakenly delete it. (It is always a good idea to back up your sources.list) <<Anchor(edit)>>

Editing Repositories

To make changes to a software source, select it in the list and click the Edit button. A dialog box displays the apt line, broken up into its components.

• Type <
  > Software sources may contain software in binary or source code format. Select the option that corresponds to the repository.

The corresponding apt line has deb for binary repositories and deb-src for source code repositories.

• URI <
  > Enter a valid Uniform Resource Indicator or URI for the software repository. Here's a list of examples:
• cdrom <
  >

cdrom:[description_of_cd]/

• ftp <
  >

ftp://ftp.domain.ext/path/to/repository

• http <
  >

http://www.domain.ext/path/to/repository

• smb (works only when the computer is connected to a Samba share) <
  >

smb://path/to/repository

• nfs (works only if the computer is connected to a NFS share) <
  >

file://path/to/local/directory

• Distribution <
  > Select the name of the distribution or the name of the distribution version. <
  >(dapper-seveas [[UbuntuHelp:[aptline|in the example above]]].)
• Components <
  > Select the repository section to access. Add more sections separated by spaces. <
  >(The [[UbuntuHelp:[aptline|example repository]]] has a freenx section.)
• Comment <
  >Add a comment to describe the repository for easier reference.

Repositories defined using the Software Preferences panel are available to Update-Manager and will be periodically checked for updates.

Managing Authentication Keys

Authentication keys are usually obtained from the maintainer of the software repository. The maintainer will often place a copy of the authentication key on a public key server such as www.keyserver.net. The key can then be retrieved using the command

gpg --keyserver [name of keyserver] --recv-keys [keyhash] 

• In our example above, you would import the maintainer's authentication key as follows:

gpg --keyserver subkeys.pgp.net --recv-keys 1135D466 

• Then, add the key to Ubuntu's apt trusted keys database with the following command

gpg --export --armor 1135D466 | sudo apt-key add - 

• Note there's a dash at the end of the line

For more on apt and authentication keys, see SecureApt on the Debian Wiki.

See also

• Repositories/Ubuntu - for all other versions of Ubuntu
• Repositories/CommandLine - Managing Software Repositories from the Command Line
• Repositories/Kubuntu - Managing Software Repositories in Kubuntu
• Chapter 2 of the Ubuntu Desktop Guide, Adding, Removing and Updating Applications
• The Debian Apt User Manual
• man pages
• sources.list
• AptGet/Offline/Repository
• Repositories/Personal - Personal repositories

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文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Repositories/Ubuntu/Dapper

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