“UbuntuHelp:OperaBrowser”的版本间的差异

2008年4月23日 (三) 11:52的版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OperaBrowser

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Instructions to install & configure Opera 9.20 in Ubuntu, based off this Ubuntu Forum thread.

Introduction

There are two basic types of installations, static and shared: Static version: Opera has the Qt library built in. It is a larger download, and it does not use anti aliased fonts on menus or the file chooser, and uses aliasing in the browser window and most other interface elements. Shared version: Opera uses the Qt installation on your system. It integrates with the system, using whatever anti aliasing setting you have for other Qt applications. Which is better? Probably the Shared version. Try the other one if you run into installation problems.

Installation

Install deb package manually

Go to Opera Download Site, choose your package, and pick a download mirror. This site does not offer a choice between Shared Qt and Static Qt, so if you have a preference, use this directory (be sure to choose a .deb package). Save the file to somewhere you can find it, like the Desktop or your home directory.

Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn

Locate the .deb package and double click on it to start the Gdebi .deb installer.

Ubuntu 6.10 Edgy Eft

Locate the .deb package and double click on it to start the Gdebi .deb installer. The installer might warn you at the end of a conflict with an existing opera package installation. It seems that you can ignore the error, your package has been installed properly anyway. Just check in your Applications menu under Internet, you should see the Opera icon.

Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake

Locate the .deb package and double click on it to start the Gdebi .deb installer. Opera will take a minute to install. If you get messages about unmet dependencies type:

sudo apt-get -f install

apt will then install the missing packages.

Install via repository

Ubuntu 7.10 Gutsy Gibbon

Opera is available in Ubuntu's "partner" repository. In Synaptic:

1. Choose "Settings" > "Repositories".
2. In the Software Sources window, click "Third-Party Software", then click "Add".
3. In the window that appears, enter "`deb http://archive.canonical.com/ gutsy partner`" (without quotes).
4. Close the Software Sources window, and click Reload in the main window.
5. Click Search and search for Opera. Mark it for installation, and click Apply.

Ubuntu 7.04 Feisty Fawn

The Opera browser is available from the Canonical commercial repository. To get it through Synaptic or apt, add the following line to your repository list (see Adding Other Repositories): Add the following line to your repository list (see Adding Other Repositories):

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu feisty-commercial main

Alternatively, to use the opera.com repository add the following line instead:

deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free

After making these changes install the opera package (see InstallingSoftware). If using the opera.com repository, it is advisable that you add the Opera GPG key.

sudo wget -O - http://deb.opera.com/archive.key | sudo apt-key add -

The installation steps are described here.

Ubuntu 6.10 Edgy Eft

The Opera browser is available from the Canonical commercial repository. To get it through Synaptic or apt, add the following line to your repository list (see Adding Other Repositories):

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu edgy-commercial main

After making these changes install the opera package (see InstallingSoftware).

Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake

The Opera browser is available from the Canonical commercial repository. To get it through Synaptic or apt, add the following line to your repository list (see Adding Other Repositories):

deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu dapper-commercial main

However, as of 2007.05.05, only 9.10 is available. It is advisable to install the latest version (9.20) for security reasons, so rather use Opera's own repositories by adding the following instead:

deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free

After making these changes install the opera package (see InstallingSoftware).

64-bit

You can test the 64-bit version for Linux. It's still on BETA stage but worked fine for me. ftp://get.opera.com/pub/opera/linux/950b/final/en/x86_64/opera_9.50-20071024.2-shared-qt_amd64.deb Or get the newest version on: ftp://get.opera.com/pub/opera/linux Opera is, alas, closed source. That means that we will have a 64-bit version only when Opera Software gets around to making one. In the meantime, you can run still run 32-bit Opera in a 64-bit OS with a few extra steps. I have had better luck with the static version of Opera. That way you don't have to worry about the 32-bit QT dependency. Install it with

sudo dpkg -i --force-architecture opera-static....deb

You will also want some compatibility-layers:

sudo aptitude install ia32-libs ia32-libs-gtk lib32asound2 linux32

Opera should work now. Now you need some plugins. There are other places to get better guides, but here is a quick run through.

• To get Flash 9, get the "flashplugin-nonfree" package from packages.ubuntu.com, for i386. Install it with the same dpkg command as above.
• To get Adobe acroread, get the packages "acroread", "acroread-escript", and "mozilla-acroread" from packages.ubunu.com. You will have to get the ones for Edgy or earlier because licensing changes prevent inclusion in Feisty and later. Install with the same dpkg command as above.

The spellchecker will not work with the standard instructions. It appears that the 64-bit dictionary works well with the 32-bit library, thus you only need to manually install the 32-bit library. You must install aspell and a dictionary (such as aspell-en) as the instructions say. A 64-bit version of libaspell will be installed as a dependency.

sudo aptitude install aspell aspell-en

Then you need a 32-bit version of the library libaspell. Get the libaspell package for i386 from packages.ubuntu.com. Then extract it to some directory, such as ~/Desktop, with the following command:

dpkg -x libaspell*.deb ~/Desktop

Now copy the .so file to /usr/lib32 (you need the symlink too):

sudo cp ~/Desktop/usr/lib/libaspell* /usr/lib32/

Restart Opera and you should have a working spell checker.

Making it more compatible with GNOME

Opera will now be accessible from Applications-->Internet-->Opera. To get Opera to work better with GNOME, we're going to make sure it uses gnome-open for file-handling. Open a Terminal and type:

mkdir ~/.opera
cat >> ~/.opera/filehandler.ini

Select the following text and paste it into your terminal by pressing Shift+Ins:

Opera Preferences version 2.0
; Do not edit this file while Opera is running
; This file is stored in UTF-8 encoding
[Settings]
Default File Handler=gnome-open ,1
Default Directory Handler=gnome-open ,1

Then press Ctrl+d.

Skins for Opera

Press SHIFT+F12 and browse the available skins, pick any you like. Changing, adding, and removing them is very easy, and new ones are created very often. Below are some skins that might suit you. The main page for Opera skins is http://my.opera.com/community/customize/skins/.

GNOME Skins for Opera

You may preview the skins linked below:

• Tango for Ubuntu
• GNOME Opera
• Tango CL
• Ubuntu Dapper

In Opera, select "Download" to install the skin.

KDE Skin for Opera

You may preview the skins linked below:

• KDE-HiCrysal
• PlastikOpera
• Keramik

In Opera, select "Download" to install the skin.

Integration with Gaim/Pidgin

In Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Programs, add a new protocol you want to add(eg. ymsgr for Yahoo) and select "Open with other application" and enter /usr/bin/gaim-url-handler(gaim) or /usr/bin/purple-url-handler(pidgin).

Protocol integration with KDE

In the Tools->Preferences->Advanced->Programs, add a new protocol you want to add(eg. ymsgr for Yahoo) and select "Open with other application". Then, if you want to use the default program you set in KDE, just set the handler to "kfmclient exec".

Setting Opera as default browser in GNOME

To set Opera as the system default browser and mailreader, follow these steps:

• Go to System -> Preferences -> Preferred Applications
• Under the Web Browser tab select "Opera" and select "Open link in new tab"
• Under the Mail Reader tab select "Custom" and, in the Command box, enter:

opera -newmail "%s"

Troubleshooting

Missing package

If you have chosen the qt-shared version, you need the libqt-mt package. However, this trick does not work with Ubuntu 6.10 Edgy Eft.

Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake

Download the package for your architecture and double click the .deb to install. Rerun installation of Opera and the dependancy problems will be gone.

Install Java

If you start Opera from the console you may see the following error message if java doesn't work correctly:

ERROR: ld.so: object 'libjvm.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored.
ERROR: ld.so: object 'libawt.so' from LD_PRELOAD cannot be preloaded: ignored.

To fix this, correct the Java path under Tools -> Preferences -> Advanced Tab -> Content -> Java options. It should look similar to this:

/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.5.0-sun-1.5.0.06/jre/lib/i386/

Your actual java runtime version could be different from this one. Changes will not take effect until the browser is restarted. Use [1] to test your Java Virtual Machine (JVM). You need to have Java installed for this. See Java to find out how to do that.

General Plugin Problems

In order for Opera to see a plugin, the plugin must be in Opera's plugin path. You can add directories to the plugin path with Tools -> Preferences -> Advanced -> Content -> Plugin Options. Add the desired directories and click Find Plugins. You may have to restart Opera to enable the plugin. Some common plugin .so files:

Opera's Linux Plugin Page.

Flash problems

Just use the latest version of flash RestrictedFormats/Flash. This is not the be-all and end-all of flash problems. If problems persist even when using the most recent version of flash, and the plugin appears to be recognized (it shows up in the opera:plugins "webpage"), editing the opera startup script may help:

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/opera

Find the place where it says

# Workarounds for the "preloaded libXt" problem.

and add the lines:

# Flash workaround.
LD_PRELOAD="libflashplayer.so:${LD_PRELOAD}"
export LD_PRELOAD

just above that line. If you aren't using libflashplayer.so, insert the name of the plugin you are using instead.

Acroread Plugin Problems

The acroread plugin did work by default in Opera 8.x. It works for recent versions so you probably do not need the following: You must edit the Opera startup script for it to work. Use your favorite editor to open the opera startup script:

gksudo gedit /usr/bin/opera

Replace the lines

OPERA_LD_PRELOAD="${LD_PRELOAD}"
export OPERA_LD_PRELOAD

with

LD_PRELOAD="libXm.so.2:${LD_PRELOAD}"
export LD_PRELOAD
OPERA_LD_PRELOAD="${LD_PRELOAD}"
export OPERA_LD_PRELOAD

Start Opera and open a pdf. When it asks you what to do, click the Change button next to the Opens With. A file type association dialog should popup; choose the plugin option at the bottom (nppdf.so should be an option).

Opera Segmentation Fault and Java crash with static version problem

If your Opera browser started to segfault, or you are using the static version and having problems with java, do the following: 1. Edit the ~/.opera/pluginpath.ini, and change the lines to this

[Paths]
/usr/lib/opera/plugins=1
/usr/lib/mozilla/plugins=0
/usr/lib/netscape/plugins-libc6=0

2. Create a symlink from /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/libflashplayer.so to /usr/lib/opera/plugins/libflashplayer.so 3. Check your ~/.opera/javapath.txt, when using blackdown java, it should be /usr/lib/j2se/1.4/jre/lib/i386

Solution from rwf, based on this forum thread.

Video plugins

As of now (May 2007), embedded video playback does not work well in opera. The probably best plugin, mozilla-mplayer, works only partially and requires manual compiling. You can try vlc, gxineplugin or totem, but it is probably advisable to just use Firefox for sites as [2]

Install Weekly Build

These are development unstable version, use on your own risk!

• Download weekly build from [3] and follow instructions for installing snapshot release (see above).
• To locate libxpcom.so on your system and softlink it to /usr/lib

sudo ln -s /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/libxpcom.so /usr/lib/libxpcom.so

Credits

Credits for the GNOME skin: mneptok