“UbuntuHelp:OpenChrome”的版本间的差异

2009年5月12日 (二) 18:15的版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/OpenChrome

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English

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Revised: 10 January 2009

Description

openChrome is a free and Open Source video driver for the VIA/S3G UniChrome, UniChrome Pro and Chrome9 graphics chipsets: CLE266, KM400/KN400/KM400A/P4M800, CN400/PM800/PN800/PM880, K8M800, CN700/VM800/P4M800Pro, CX700, P4M890, K8M890, P4M900/VN896, VX800 For more information, please visit [1]

Ubuntu 7.10 and previous releases

A version of the openchrome driver was backported to Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon) repositories and can be installed by the command

     sudo apt-get install xserver-xorg-video-openchrome

This replaces the via driver with the openchrome one. The driver module is still called via, so "via" is what needs to be written to the "Driver" field of the "Device" section in /etc/X11/xorg.conf For previous Ubuntu releases the driver had to be compiled from source.

Ubuntu 8.04 and newer releases

Since Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) the openchrome driver is installed by default, provided by the xserver-xorg-video-openchrome package. The via driver and the xserver-xorg-video-via package are no longer available in Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex). The openchrome manual page indicates which options can be used to configure the driver by editing /etc/X11/xorg.conf. The xorg.conf manual page explains the structure of this file.

     man xorg.conf
     man openchrome

Manual Installation

This howto will help you compile and install the openChrome driver in Ubuntu 6.06 LTS and up. It should also work on Debian and other Debian based distributions like Kanotix and Knoppix.

Before You Start

You must have administrative privileges.
Make sure you have enabled the Universe and Multiverse repositories. <
> See Managing Repositories in Ubuntu or Kubuntu for help with this.

openChrome 2D driver compilation

Install needed dependencies

You should get necessary tools to compile source code:

     sudo apt-get install build-essential subversion autoconf automake1.9 libtool

Get all the dependency packages needed to build the driver.<
> In 8.04 (Hardy) and later releases run:

     sudo apt-get build-dep xserver-xorg-video-openchrome

In Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy), 7.04 (Feisty), and 6.10 (Edgy) run:

     sudo apt-get build-dep xserver-xorg-video-via

In Ubuntu 6.06.1 (Dapper), Debian and other Debian based distributions, run:

     sudo apt-get build-dep xserver-xorg-driver-via

Compile and install the 2D driver

Get the openChrome sourcecode like this:

     svn checkout http://svn.openchrome.org/svn/trunk openchrome

Change into the newly created directory

     cd openchrome*

Run autogen.sh with the prefix option so that the driver is being installed in the correct directory

     ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr

Compile openChrome

     make

Install openChrome

     sudo make install

Edit the X server configuration file

Edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf and change the device driver to openchrome

     gksudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Or in Kubuntu

     kdesu kate /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Make a backup of this file in case you need to revert the changes. By default some editors create a backup by appending a tilde to the name of the file (xorg.conf~). This backup may be hidden in the file manager, but is still listed with ls in a terminal.

Go to

     Section "Device"

and change

     Driver		"vesa"

to

     Driver		"openchrome"

Save the file.
Alternatively, you can also run

     sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg

and pick "openchrome" when asked.

Test the driver

To test the new driver, go to a console (Ctrl+Alt+F1), log in and start a new X screen:

     X :1

If it works, then you can continue restarting your desktop manager. If not, you probably have another problem and need to fix this first. Finally, restart the X server by logging out and back in, or typing sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart. If Xorg does not start anymore, log in in a console and revert the changes made to the xorg.conf file. You can use an editor like nano.

     sudo nano /etc/X11/xorg.conf

You can also restore the backup

     sudo mv /etc/X11/xorg.conf~ /etc/X11/xorg.conf

openChrome and 3D

Editor's note: I haven't been able to test the openchrome driver with the latest Mesa libraries. Please update the relevant information if you have tested that this procedure works. (10 January 2009)

3D doesn't always work

The openchrome driver (and previously the via driver) alone only supports 2D acceleration. 3D acceleration (Direct Rendering Infrastructure) is provided by a companion driver by the Mesa project and it is normally already installed on your system. However, DRI doesn't always work as expected and it is a known cause of problems and system freezing, specially with OpenGL applications, games, screensavers, and Wine. See Launchpad bugs #43154, and #274340. There is no good 3D driver because VIA has not released enough chipset specifications to free software developers. For desktop PC users a definitive solution is to use another graphics card. For laptop users, their options are limited.

Compiling libdrm and drm kernel modules

As with the 2D driver, you may install the latest 3D kernel module from source and see if this fixes your current problem with 3D acceleration.

Install required packages

Get necessary tools to compile source code, get the kernel headers and the client tool for retreiving source code from a git repository. In a terminal, type:

     sudo apt-get install build-essential linux-headers git-core

The metapackage linux-headers gets the headers for the currently used kernel. If you want to compile against a different kernel, you need to install a different package, such as linux-headers-2.6.24-17-generic.

Obtain the sourcecode

     git clone git://anongit.freedesktop.org/git/mesa/drm

Compile and install libdrm

Change into the newly created directory

     cd drm

Run autogen.sh with the prefix option so that the driver is being installed in the correct directory

     ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr

Compile the source code

     make

Install the compiled source code

     sudo make install

Compile and install drm kernel modules

Change to the correct directory (you have to already be in the drm directory)

     cd linux-core

Compile the kernel modules

     make LINUXDIR=/lib/modules/`uname -r`/build DRM_MODULES=via

If you get errors (example from Ubuntu 7.04)

/home/shad/stuff/drm/linux-core/drm_compat.c:190: error: static declaration of ‘vm_insert_pfn’ follows non-static declaration
include/linux/mm.h:1126: error: previous declaration of ‘vm_insert_pfn’ was here
make[2]: *** [/home/shad/stuff/drm/linux-core/drm_compat.o] Error 1
make[1]: *** [_module_/home/shad/stuff/drm/linux-core] Error 2
make[1]: Leaving directory `/usr/src/linux-headers-2.6.20-15-generic'
make: *** [modules] Error 2

this topic: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=419094 could be helpful.

Copy the kernel modules to the correct location

     sudo cp *.ko /lib/modules/`uname -r`/kernel/drivers/char/drm/

Asure all dependency modules are registered

     sudo depmod -ae

Test the modules

Load the modules to the kernel

     sudo modprobe drm
     sudo modprobe via

Test with the following command

     glxinfo | grep render

You should obtain a line saying "direct rendering: Yes" <
> If it works, add the modules names to the /etc/modules file so that they are loaded every time at start up

     echo "drm" | sudo tee -a /etc/modules
     echo "via" | sudo tee -a /etc/modules

That should be it. Reboot and see how it goes.

Problems and solutions

Most problems can be attributed to the use of this driver with 3D acceleration, that is Direct Rendering Infrastructure (DRI). Therefore most problems are avoided by disabling this option in the X server configuration file /etc/X11/xorg.conf

After upgrade to the latest OpenChrome revision, the driver stop working. How to get specific OpenChrome revision ?

To find when error occur, you must just to the specific revision. For example to get revision 713, go to checkedout directory and type:

   svn update -r713

My system sometimes freezes with OpenGL applications, games, screensavers, or Wine

This is being caused by a bug in drm. Edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf and disable DRI in the "Module" section.<
> Change

    Section "Module"
        ...
        Load    "dri"
        ...
    EndSection

to

    Section "Module"
       ...
       Disable    "dri"
       ...
    EndSection

In Ubuntu 8.04 and newer, the xorg.conf file no longer lists all the sections described in the manual page. In this case you can add the "Module" section to the beginning of the file, and your options will override the defaults.<
><
> As a result, you won't have 3D acceleration anymore, but your system won't freeze. Without DRI, all 3D will be software-rendered, which will be very slow, specially for games.<
> This is a sensible solution for those that don't care about desktop effects or games.

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex). My system sometimes freezes after loading the Gnome Desktop Manager.

You can try adding the "XaaNoImageWriteRect" option to the "Device" section of /etc/X11/xorg.conf

    Section "Device"
        Driver    "openchrome"
        Option    "XaaNoImageWriteRect"
    EndSection

Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex). My login prompt is not centralised.

In addition to the above "XaaNoImageWriteRect" option, in the Section "Screen" add or modify the SubSection "Display" to include the Virtual setting to suit your screen:

   SubSection "Display"
      Virtual 1280 800
   EndSubSection

I found a bug in openchrome. How to enable debug mode?

You must run autogen.sh with debug options, compile and install, like was described above.

     ./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr  --enable-debug --enable-xv-debug

My mouse cursor sometimes disappears.<
>

This is known to happen on VN800 and VM800 chipsets, e.g. Axioo Neon TVR 856C / TVR 016C laptops. As a solution, you can try to add "SWCursor" to the options of the "Device" section in /etc/X11/xorg.conf

    Section "Device"
        Driver    "openchrome"
        Option    "SWCursor"    "true"
    EndSection

I installed a kernel update. Now 3D does not work anymore.<
>

If you manually installed the drm kernel module, you will have to recompile it with the new kernel headers. The procedure is described above.

When running autogen.sh for the openchrome 2D driver, I get errors like:

    configure.ac: 30: required file `./[config.h].in' not found
    unichrome/Makefile.am:33: via_drv_la_SOURCES defined both conditionally and unconditionally

This is due to having multiple versions of automake installed with the wrong version as the default. Run

    sudo update-alternatives --config automake

and choose automake-1.9

I have redraw mistakes on the desktop and in various applications. Lines, icons, and sliders disappear; sometimes they reappear when I move the mouse over it or when I move a window over it and back.

The redraw-issues can be worked around by trying "True", "False", "On", "Off" as values of the "EnableAGPDMA" option of the "Device" section in /etc/xorg.conf

    Section "Device"
        Driver    "openchrome"
        Option    "EnableAGPDMA"    "True"
    EndSection

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