“UbuntuHelp:NetworkMonitoringBridge”的版本间的差异

2009年11月17日 (二) 20:13的最新版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NetworkMonitoringBridge

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Introduction

This document outlines the creation of a network monitoring bridge on Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper). The bridge can be transparently plugged into any segment of a local subnet to analyze network traffic without disturbing network services. ntop is used for monitoring; it provides comprehensive statistics on network usage and throughput. For more information on what a bridge is see the Linux Documentation Project Bridging Howto.

Sample uses of the network monitor

1. Analyze connection problems to local database server

Network configuration: LAN <=> switch <=> Database server Network with monitoring: LAN <=> switch <=> Network Monitoring Bridge <== PATCH CABLE ==> Database server

1. Analyze network usage on a subnet at our University

Network configuration: INTERNET <=> Gateway firewall <=> Switch <=> Local network Computers Network with monitoring: INTERNET <=> Gateway firewall <== PATCH CABLE ==> Network Monitoring Bridge <=> Switch <=> Local network Computers

Prerequisites

Begin with a fairly powerful PC with enough RAM, 128MB or more. Install two 100mb/s network cards on this machine and obtain a Patch cable. You may begin with either a Desktop or Server installation of Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper). See InstallingSoftware for more information.

Install Software

Install bridge utilities from Main repository

 
sudo apt-get install bridge-utils 

Install ntop from Universe repository

 
sudo apt-get install ntop 

/!\ The ntop install will give some errors. This is ok. We will fix it later! /!\

Configure the Bridge

Edit /etc/network/interfaces to reflect your network topology. The following example configuration configures the bridge via DHCP. You could easily modify the line iface bridge01 inet dhcp to be iface bridge01 192.168.1.2 netmask 255.255.255.0 up for a static IP address. Sample /etc/network/interfaces file

# This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
# and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).

# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto bridge01
iface bridge01 inet dhcp
  pre-up ifconfig eth0 down
  pre-up ifconfig eth2 down
  pre-up brctl addbr bridge01
  pre-up brctl addif bridge01 eth0
  pre-up brctl addif bridge01 eth2
  pre-up ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0
  pre-up ifconfig eth2 0.0.0.0
  post-down ifconfig eth0 down
  post-down ifconfig eth2 down
  post-down ifconfig bridge01 down
  post-down brctl delif bridge01 eth0
  post-down brctl delif bridge01 eth2
  post-down brctl delbr bridge01

Restart networking

 
sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart 

Configure ntop

Edit ntop configuration

 
sudo nano /var/lib/ntop/init.cfg 

Change the INTERFACES line to the name of your bridge. Something like...

INTERFACES="bridge01"

configure NTOP to recognize your local subnet

 
sudo nano /etc/default/ntop 

Change the GETOPTS variable to something like...

 
GETOPTS="--local-subnets=192.168.1.0/24" 

Set the admin password for NTOP (Enter the password for your sudo account)

 
sudo ntop --set-admin-password 

Restart NTOP

 
sudo /etc/init.d/ntop restart 

Test ntop by browsing to http://localhost:3000

Install and begin monitoring

1. To begin monitoring choose a place on your network that you would like to monitor as shown in the examples above
2. Plug the patch cable to one of the network devices on the Network Monitoring Bridge
3. Unplug the network cable from the computer you would like to monitor and plug the cable into the other network device of the Network Monitoring Bridge
4. Plug free end of the patch cable to the computer that will be monitored
5. Restart networking on the Network Monitoring Bridge

 sudo /etc/init.d/networking restart
 

View network traffic statistics at http://ip_address_of_network_monitor:3000

Additional Information

Another description of how to enable Connection Bridging, including Internet Connection Bridging, is available at NetworkConnectionBridge. `It would be great for a knowledgeable person to assist with integrating both of these pages as they are closely related, but slightly divergent.`