“UbuntuHelp:NautilusScriptsHowto”的版本间的差异

2008年10月19日 (日) 16:35的版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NautilusScriptsHowto

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<<Include(Tag/ContentCleanup)>> <<Include(Tag/TooLong)>> <<Anchor(Top)>> {{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconNautilus.png%7D%7D The Nautilus file manager is extensible through the use of scripts.

Introduction

Purpose

With scripts you can do many things such as :

• make an enhanced "open with"-alike feature (open some files that match a filter in your preferred application)
• make a zip of a directory and mail it
• open a terminal in the selected directory
• ...

all of this with a simple right click. [[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

Managing Nautilus scripts

{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/NautilusScriptsHowto?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=nautilus_folder.png%7D%7D All of your scripts are stored in the `nautilus-scripts` folder - so to add a new script, simply place it there. You can find the `nautilus-scripts` folder here:

     ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

Adding scripts

• Open a text editor, copy/paste them into it, and save the script in your `nautilus-scripts` folder
• name them accordingly to the label you want in the right-click context menu
• make them executable (`chmod +x my_script_name`, or right-click on the script, select properties, then permissions, and give allow it to be executable)

That's it! {i} You will not have a `File->Scripts` nor see a `Scripts` entry in the context menu until you first add files there

Removing scripts

Simply remove them from the `nautilus-scripts` folder.

Setting rights to your scripts

{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconWarning3.png%7D%7D You may need to run some scripts as a root user. This is generally a bad idea, unless you know what you are doing. Setting appropriate rights can be done thanks to the `chmod` command. CAUTION- you might want to set the preferences in Nautilus/Gedit/Whatever_else_you_are_opening_as_root so as to let you know instantly whether or not you are currently in the root-application. i.e. a yellow background in root-gedit and nautilus, instead of the normal white.... [[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

Scripting

What is a script ?

Scripts can be

• binaries (compiled programs)
• shell scripts (bash, sh ...)
• ...

that is to say basically anything that can be run [[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

Environment variables

Whenever a script is called, Nautilus sets some variables that can be used in your scripts. These are:

• `NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS`

newline-delimited paths for selected files (only if local)

• `NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS`

newline-delimited URIs for selected files

• `NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI`

current location

• `NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_WINDOW_GEOMETRY`

position and size of current window [[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

Sample scripts

Note: These scripts may be out of date. Use at your own risk.

Email the selected file

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]] This one is really useful. How many times have you needed to find a file and then send it? And to be honest, from Evolution or mozilla-thunderbird this is not that simple. It is much easier to use Nautilus to find your file and then send it from there.

    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
    # By John Russell

    # This script sends the selected file(s) with your email client.

    use strict;

    my $MAILTO_URL="mailto:?";
    my @files = split("\n", $ENV{NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS});
    my $count = 0;
    foreach my $file (@files)
    {
        if ( ! -f $file && ! -l $file )
        {
            my @dialog = ("gdialog","--title","Error","--msgbox", "\nError: Can not send $file.    \n\n    Only regular files can be mailed.    ","200", "300");
            system (@dialog);
    	}
    	else
    	{
    	   $MAILTO_URL = $MAILTO_URL . "attach=" . $file . "&";
               shift;
    	    $count += 1;
    	}
    }


    if ($count > 0)
    {
        my @command = ("gnome-open", $MAILTO_URL);
        system(@command);
    }

Added by Darrell: I found that the mailto: syntax in the above does not work with mozilla-thunderbird. I have created the following amended version which seems to work with Thunderbird:

    #!/usr/bin/perl -w
    # By John Russell
    # and hacked to work with thunderbird by Darrell

    # This script sends the selected file(s) with mozilla-thunderbird.

    use strict;

    my $attach_string="\"attachment='";
    my @files = split("\n", $ENV{NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS});
    my $count = 0;
    foreach my $file (@files)
    {
        if ( ! -f $file && ! -l $file )
        {
            my @dialog = ("gdialog","--title","Error","--msgbox", "\nError: Can not send $file. \n\n    Only regular files can be mailed.    ","200", "300");
            system (@dialog);
        }
        else
        {
           $attach_string = $attach_string . "file://" . $file . ",";
               shift;
            $count += 1;
        }
    }


    if ($count > 0)
    {
        $attach_string = $attach_string . "'\"";
    # replace spaces with '%20' as demanded by mozilla/thunderbird    
        $attach_string =~ s/\s/%20/g;
    # invoke shell script to call thunderbird differently depending on whether it's running already or not
        my $command = ("~/scripts/thunderbird-email-attachments " . $attach_string);
        system($command);
    }

You will see there is also a shell script which is required, (~/scripts/thunderbird-email-attachments in my example above, don't put it in the nautilus-scripts directory, otherwise it will show up in the context menu):

    #!/bin/sh

    # if thunderbird is already running open a compose window in the running instance

	    if `ps xc | grep -q mozilla-thunder`; then 
		    exec mozilla-thunderbird -a Mozilla-Thunderbird -remote         "xfeDoCommand(ComposeMessage,$1)"

    # else start a new instance with the compose window only

	    else
		    exec mozilla-thunderbird -compose $1 
	    fi

Mount ISO

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]] Mount an ISO image, from Nautilus. Note from carney1979 - this script will be updated to work with filenames containing spaces soon.

    #!/bin/bash
    #
    #By modprobing loop it makes sure that the module is loaded and ready for 
    #use.  If it is already loaded then nothing will happen.
    modprobe loop
    for I in `echo $*`
    do
       foo=`gksudo -u root -k -m "enter your password for root terminal access" /bin/echo "got r00t?"`
    sudo mount -o loop -t iso9660 $I /media/iso
       done
    done
    exit0

Unmount ISO

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]] Unmount an iso image, from nautilus. Note from carney1979 - this script will be updated to work with filenames containing spaces soon.

    #!/bin/bash
    #
    for I in `echo $*`
    do
       foo=`gksudo -u root -k -m "enter your password for root terminal access" /bin/echo "got r00t?"`
    sudo umount $I
      done
    done
    exit0

Set file read-only

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]] Change file-permission to read-only.

    #!/bin/bash

    chmod ugo-wx $*

Edit file with gedit with root-privileges

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]] Note from carney1979 - this script will be updated to work with filenames containing spaces soon.

    #!/bin/bash
    #
    for I in `echo $*`
    do
       foo=`gksudo -u root -k -m "enter your password for root terminal access" /bin/echo "got r00t?"`
    sudo gedit $I
       done
    done
    exit0

Note from blazoner - A much simpler alternative that works with filenames containing spaces is:

    #!/bin/sh
    gksudo "gedit $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS"

Open Nautilus with root-privileges here

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

    #!/bin/bash
    # root-nautilus-here
    # opens a root-enabled instance of a nautilus window in selected location
    # requires sudo privileges and gksudo, which may involve security risks.
    #Install in your ~/Nautilus/scripts directory.
    #
    # Placed in the public domain by Shane T. Mueller 2001
    # Fixes provided by Doug Nordwall
    #
    # 2004.04.18 -- [email protected] - Added gksudo usage to provide popup
    #               password window if sudo has expired.  Line only echos got
    #               root to std output.  But gksudo updates your sudo access
    #               privs, so running nautilus with sudo will succeed
    #               without asking for a password.
    
    
    foo=`gksudo -u root -k -m "enter your password for nautilus root access" /bin/echo "got r00t?"`
    sudo nautilus --no-desktop $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI

Note from blazoner - A much simpler alternative:

    #!/bin/sh
    ### root-nautilus-here
    gksudo "nautilus --no-desktop $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI"

Run file with root privileges

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]] Note from carney1979 - this script will be updated to work with filenames containing spaces soon.

    #!/bin/bash
    #
    for I in `echo $*`
    do
       /usr/bin/gksudo $I
       done
    done
    exit0

Note from blazoner - A much simpler alternative that works with filenames containing spaces and also opens folders (in nautilus) as root is:

    #!/bin/sh
    gksudo "gnome-open $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS"

Open search window here

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

    #!/bin/sh
    # From Johnathan Bailes
    # This script opens a gnome-search-tool in the directory you select.
    #
    # Distributed under the terms of GNU GPL version 2 or later
    #
    # Install in your ~/Nautilus/scripts directory.
    # You need to be running Nautilus 1.0.3+ to use scripts.
    
    cd $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI
    exec gnome-search-tool

Open terminal here

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

    #!/bin/bash
    #
    # This script opens a gnome-terminal in the directory you select.
    #
    # Distributed under the terms of GNU GPL version 2 or later
    #
    # Install in ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts or ~/Nautilus/scripts
    # You need to be running Nautilus 1.0.3+ to use scripts.
    
    # When a directory is selected, go there. Otherwise go to current
    # directory. If more than one directory is selected, show error.
    if [ -n "$NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS" ]; then
        set $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_FILE_PATHS
        if [ $# -eq 1 ]; then
            destination="$1"
            # Go to file's directory if it's a file
            if [ ! -d "$destination" ]; then
                destination="`dirname "$destination"`"
            fi
        else
            zenity --error --title="Error - Open terminal here" \
               --text="You can only select one directory."
            exit 1
        fi
    else
        destination="`echo "$NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_CURRENT_URI" | sed 's/^file:\/\///'`"
    fi
    
    # It's only possible to go to local directories
    if [ -n "`echo "$destination" | grep '^[a-zA-Z0-9]\+:'`" ]; then
        zenity --error --title="Error - Open terminal here" \
           --text="Only local directories can be used."
        exit 1
    fi
    
    cd "$destination"
    exec x-terminal-emulator

Hide or Show Hidden Files

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]] (doesn't work on Hardy Heron)

    #!/bin/sh
    # When hidden files (.emacs, etc) are hidden, shows "Show Hidden Files" option.
    # When hidden files are shown, shows "Hide Hidden Files" option.
    # Uses gconf to toggle between the two Nautilus options.
    # Should be placed in ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/ with executable permission.
    OLDSTATE=$(gconftool-2 --get "/desktop/gnome/file_views/show_hidden_files")
    if [ "$OLDSTATE" == "false" ] ; then
      NEWSTATE="True"
      mv ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Show\ Dot\ Files ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Hide\ Dot\ Files
    else
      NEWSTATE="False"
      mv ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Hide\ Dot\ Files ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/Show\ Dot\ Files
    fi
    gconftool-2 --set "/desktop/gnome/file_views/show_hidden_files" --type boolean $NEWSTATE

Note: You can do the same without a script by pressing CTRL+H under Nautilus

[[UbuntuHelp:[Top|Back to top]]]

Links

• Nautilus_Scripts
• [[1]]
• [[2]]