UbuntuHelp:Medibuntu
来自Ubuntu中文
目录
Introduction
Medibuntu (Multimedia, Entertainment & Distractions In Ubuntu) is a repository of packages that cannot be included into the Ubuntu distribution for legal reasons (copyright, license, patent, etc).
Some of these packages include the libdvdcss package from VideoLAN and the external binary codecs package (commonly known as w32codecs) used by MPlayer and xine.
Disclaimer
Patent and copyright laws operate differently depending on which country you are in. Please obtain legal advice if you are unsure whether a particular patent or restriction applies to a media format you wish to use in your country.
See Ubuntu's Free Software Philosophy and the FreeFormats page for a more comprehensive discussion of these issues.
Installing Individual Packages
Most Ubuntu users will only require a few packages from the Medibuntu repository. The most common packages are libdvdcss2 for playing DVDs and the non-native codecs packages (w32codecs, w64codecs, ppc-codecs) for playing non-native media formats. If you wish to install individual packages, then follow the steps below.
- With your favorite web browser, go to http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/pool/.
- Choose the directory labeled as the distribution you are using.
- Click either free or non-free depending on where the package you want to install is located.
- Go into the directory labeled as the architecture you are using.
- Save the package you intend to install to your personal directory on your hard drive.
- Right click on the package you just downloaded.
- Select Ubuntu Package Menu.
- Choose Install Package.
NOTE: Sometimes while browsing the repository, a "forbidden page" message will appear. This happens often and at random times but will only last at the most 10 seconds. Keep refreshing the page until you can browse the contents of the page. (This issue has been reported, we're working on it, see Bug #104425)
Free and Non-free Components
Medibuntu has two components for its repository. They are labeled free and non-free. The free component has the packages for software whose sources are made freely and/or are distributed with an open source license such as the GNU Public License. The non-free component contains software whose sources are not made freely available and/or are distributed with a license that restricts certain ways the software can be distributed.
Software in the free component are not distributed in the Ubuntu repositories because of legal issues with that software in certain countries. Some software such as Amarok and Kaffeine are distributed through the main Ubuntu repositories but with certain functionalities taken away, again because of legal issues. Medibuntu distributes these kind of packages with those functionalities in place.
Software in the non-free component are not distributed in the main Ubuntu repositories because of the licenses that these software are distributed with restricts how they can be distributed. The software in the non-free component are usually not needed for general use as there are alternatives or implementations in other open source licensed software. Some software, such as Google Earth and Adobe Acroreader, are available directly from the company's website that owns the rights to them.
Since the packages in the non-free component are usually not needed, the instructions in the next section will include a step to exclude acquiring package information from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository.
Adding the Repositories
Below are the instructions to add the Medibuntu repository to your system's list of APT repositories.
First, add Medibuntu's gpg key to your system's list of trusted APT keys.
wget -q http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/medibuntu-key.gpg -O - | sudo apt-key add - </code> Next, add Medibuntu's external sources.list. Make sure to use the correct sources.list that corresponds to your current distribution. * Ubuntu 6.06 "'''Dapper''' Drake" <pre> sudo wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/sources.list.d/dapper.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list </code> * Ubuntu 6.10 "'''Edgy''' Eft" <pre> sudo wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/sources.list.d/edgy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list </code> * Ubuntu 7.04 "'''Feisty''' Fawn" <pre> sudo wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/sources.list.d/feisty.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list </code> To exclude getting packages from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository as explained in the previous section, type the following command. <pre> sudo sed -e 's/ non-free//' -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list </code> Finally, update APT's package information to acquire information about packages in the Medibuntu repository. <pre> sudo apt-get update </code> == Playing Encrypted DVDs == To play encrypted DVDs, the libdvdcss package is essential. libdvdcss is a simple library designed for accessing DVDs like a block device without having to bother about the decryption. Some more information about this package can be found at http://www.videolan.org/developers/libdvdcss.html. Below are the instructions for installing the packages using the command line. For other methods, please refer to [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware|Installing Software]]. If your wish to install just libdvdcss2, you can first download the individual package and then install the package. * '''i386''' <pre> wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/pool/feisty/free/i386/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_i386.deb </code> * '''amd64''' <pre> wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/pool/feisty/free/amd64/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_amd64.deb </code> * '''powerpc''' <pre> wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/pool/feisty/free/powerpc/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_powerpc.deb sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_powerpc.deb </code> If you have added the entire Medibuntu repository, install the package using APT. <pre> sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2 </code> == Playing Non-Native Media Formats == There are a few formats such as certain Windows formats, Real, and Apple Quicktime which do not have native codecs under Linux. To work around this issue, external binary codecs are used instead to play these formats. [http://www.mplayerhq.hu/ MPlayer] and [http://xinehq.de/ xine] use such external codecs and these codecs are stored in the MPlayer website in their codecs directory located at http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/. Medibuntu distributes a package which contains these codecs. The codecs are under the non-free component of the repository. If you followed the directions above to exclude the non-free component, follow the steps again to add the Medibuntu repository to your system's list of APT repositories and skip the step to exclude the non-free component. Below are the instructions for installing the packages using the command line. For other methods, please refer to [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware|Installing Software]]. If you wish to install just the individual external codecs package, you can first download the individual package and then install the package. * For '''i386''', the package is called '''w32codecs'''. <pre> wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/pool/feisty/non-free/i386/w32codecs_20061022-0medibuntu1+build1_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_20061022-0medibuntu1+build1_i386.deb </code> * For '''amd64''', the package is called '''w64codecs'''. <pre> wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/pool/feisty/non-free/amd64/w64codecs_20061203-0medibuntu1_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i w64codecs_20061203-0medibuntu1_amd64.deb </code> * For '''ppc''', the package is called '''ppc-codecs'''. <pre> wget http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/repo/pool/feisty/non-free/powerpc/ppc-codecs_20061022-0medibuntu2_powerpc.deb sudo dpkg -i ppc-codecs_20061022-0medibuntu2_powerpc.deb </code> If you have added the entire Medibuntu repository, install the package using APT. * For '''i386''', the package is called '''w32codecs'''. <pre> sudo apt-get install w32codecs </code> * For '''amd64''', the package is called '''w64codecs'''. <pre> sudo apt-get install w64codecs </code> * For '''ppc''', the package is called '''ppc-codecs'''. <pre> sudo apt-get install ppc-codecs </code> * '''NOTE''': This ppc-codecs package is currently only available for edgy and feisty. These codecs are also available from [http://www.mplayerhq.hu/ MPlayer] and can be downloaded directly from http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/all-ppc-20061022.tar.bz2. == Reporting Bugs == Medibuntu has its own Launchpad page to report bugs and request features and other enhancements. To report a bug found in any package distributed with Medibuntu, file a bug report at https://launchpad.net/medibuntu/+filebug. == Links == * http://medibuntu.sos-sts.com/ - Medibuntu's Home Page * https://launchpad.net/medibuntu/ - Medibuntu's Launchpad Page [[category:UbuntuHelp]]
