“UbuntuHelp:Medibuntu”的版本间的差异
来自Ubuntu中文
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
| − | [http:// | + | [http://www.medibuntu.org/ Medibuntu] ('''M'''ultimedia, '''E'''ntertainment & '''D'''istractions '''I'''n U'''buntu''') is a repository of packages that cannot be included into the Ubuntu distribution for legal reasons (copyright, license, patent, etc). |
Some of these packages include the [http://www.videolan.org/developers/libdvdcss.html libdvdcss] package from [http://www.videolan.org/ VideoLAN] and the external binary codecs package (commonly known as w32codecs) used by [http://www.mplayerhq.hu/ MPlayer] and [http://xinehq.de/ xine]. | Some of these packages include the [http://www.videolan.org/developers/libdvdcss.html libdvdcss] package from [http://www.videolan.org/ VideoLAN] and the external binary codecs package (commonly known as w32codecs) used by [http://www.mplayerhq.hu/ MPlayer] and [http://xinehq.de/ xine]. | ||
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Patent and copyright laws operate differently depending on which country you are in. Please obtain legal advice if you are unsure whether a particular patent or restriction applies to a media format you wish to use in your country. | Patent and copyright laws operate differently depending on which country you are in. Please obtain legal advice if you are unsure whether a particular patent or restriction applies to a media format you wish to use in your country. | ||
| − | See Ubuntu's [http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy Free Software Philosophy] and the FreeFormats page for a more comprehensive discussion of these issues. | + | See Ubuntu's [http://www.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/philosophy Free Software Philosophy] and the [[FreeFormats]] page for a more comprehensive discussion of these issues. |
== Installing Individual Packages == | == Installing Individual Packages == | ||
| + | |||
| + | '''NOTE''': The following method is not really up-to-date (the repository structure has changed), but should still work. | ||
Most Ubuntu users will only require a few packages from the Medibuntu repository. The most common packages are libdvdcss2 for playing DVDs and the non-native codecs packages (w32codecs, w64codecs, ppc-codecs) for playing non-native media formats. If you wish to install individual packages, then follow the steps below. | Most Ubuntu users will only require a few packages from the Medibuntu repository. The most common packages are libdvdcss2 for playing DVDs and the non-native codecs packages (w32codecs, w64codecs, ppc-codecs) for playing non-native media formats. If you wish to install individual packages, then follow the steps below. | ||
| − | * With your | + | * With your favourite web browser, go to http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/. |
| − | * Choose the directory | + | * Choose the directory labelled as the distribution you are using. |
* Click either free or non-free depending on where the package you want to install is located. | * Click either free or non-free depending on where the package you want to install is located. | ||
| − | * Go into the directory | + | * Go into the directory labelled as the architecture you are using. |
* Save the package you intend to install to your personal directory on your hard drive. | * Save the package you intend to install to your personal directory on your hard drive. | ||
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* Choose Install Package. | * Choose Install Package. | ||
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== Free and Non-free Components == | == Free and Non-free Components == | ||
| − | Medibuntu has two components for its repository. They are | + | Medibuntu has two components for its repository. They are labelled ''free'' and ''non-free''. The free component has the packages for software whose sources are made freely and/or are distributed with an open source license such as the GNU General Public License. The non-free component contains software whose sources are not made freely available and/or are distributed with a license that restricts certain ways the software can be distributed. |
Software in the free component are not distributed in the Ubuntu repositories because of legal issues with that software in certain countries. Some software such as Amarok and Kaffeine are distributed through the main Ubuntu repositories but with certain functionalities taken away, again because of legal issues. Medibuntu distributes these kind of packages with those functionalities in place. | Software in the free component are not distributed in the Ubuntu repositories because of legal issues with that software in certain countries. Some software such as Amarok and Kaffeine are distributed through the main Ubuntu repositories but with certain functionalities taken away, again because of legal issues. Medibuntu distributes these kind of packages with those functionalities in place. | ||
| − | Software in the non-free component are not distributed in the main Ubuntu repositories because of the licenses that these software are distributed with restricts how they can be distributed. The software in the non-free component are usually not needed for general use as there are alternatives or implementations in other open source licensed software. Some software, such as Google Earth and Adobe | + | Software in the non-free component are not distributed in the main Ubuntu repositories because of the licenses that these software are distributed with restricts how they can be distributed. The software in the non-free component are usually not needed for general use as there are alternatives or implementations in other open source licensed software. Some software, such as Google Earth and Adobe Acrobat Reader, are available directly from the company's website that owns the rights to them. |
Since the packages in the non-free component are usually not needed, the instructions in the next section will include a step to exclude acquiring package information from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository. | Since the packages in the non-free component are usually not needed, the instructions in the next section will include a step to exclude acquiring package information from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository. | ||
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Below are the instructions to add the Medibuntu repository to your system's list of APT repositories. | Below are the instructions to add the Medibuntu repository to your system's list of APT repositories. | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | Add Medibuntu to your sources.list, as well as its GPG key to your keyring. Make sure to use the correct sources.list that corresponds to your current distribution. | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | * Ubuntu 6.06 "'''Dapper''' Drake": | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | wget | + | sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/dapper.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | + | * Ubuntu 6.10 "'''Edgy''' Eft": | |
| − | + | ||
| − | * Ubuntu 6. | + | |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | sudo wget http:// | + | sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/edgy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | * Ubuntu | + | * Ubuntu 7.04 "'''Feisty''' Fawn": |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | sudo wget http:// | + | sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/feisty.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | * Ubuntu 7. | + | * Ubuntu 7.10 "'''Gutsy''' Gibbon": |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | sudo wget http:// | + | sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/gutsy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | + | * Then, add the GPG Key: | |
| + | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| + | wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update | ||
| + | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| + | === Optional step : remove the non-free component === | ||
| + | |||
| + | Some people don't want to install non-free software on their computer as explained in the "Free and Non-Free components" section. | ||
| + | We will explain how to exclude getting packages from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository. | ||
| + | |||
| + | You should understand that if you remove the non-free component, you will '''NOT''' have access to these packages: | ||
| + | * acroread (Acrobat Reader -- not really needed because you can use free software, such as Evince, to read pdfs) | ||
| + | * googleearth | ||
| + | * Opera web browser (not really needed because you can use free software: there are several free browsers available) | ||
| + | * restricted video codecs (ppc-codecs, w32codecs, w64codecs) | ||
| + | * realplay (Real Player) | ||
| + | * Skype | ||
| + | |||
| + | the complete list of packages is [http://www.medibuntu.org/packages.php here]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | To exclude getting packages from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository, type the following command: | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo sed -e 's/ non-free//' -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list | sudo sed -e 's/ non-free//' -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list | ||
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</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
== Playing Encrypted DVDs == | == Playing Encrypted DVDs == | ||
| − | To play encrypted DVDs, the | + | To play encrypted DVDs, the libdvdcss2 package is essential. libdvdcss is a simple library designed for accessing DVDs like a block device without having to bother about the decryption. Some more information about this package can be found at http://www.videolan.org/developers/libdvdcss.html. |
Below are the instructions for installing the packages using the command line. For other methods, please refer to [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware|Installing Software]]. | Below are the instructions for installing the packages using the command line. For other methods, please refer to [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware|Installing Software]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === With the entire Medibuntu repository === | ||
| + | |||
| + | If you have added the entire Medibuntu repository, you just need to install the package using APT: | ||
| + | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| + | sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2 | ||
| + | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Anchor(libdvdcss-individual)]] | ||
| + | === With individual packages === | ||
If your wish to install just libdvdcss2, you can first download the individual package and then install the package. | If your wish to install just libdvdcss2, you can first download the individual package and then install the package. | ||
| − | * '''i386''' | + | * '''i386''': |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | wget http://medibuntu. | + | wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/free/libd/libdvdcss/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_i386.deb |
sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_i386.deb | sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_i386.deb | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | * '''amd64''' | + | * '''amd64''': |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | wget http://medibuntu. | + | wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/free/libd/libdvdcss/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_amd64.deb |
sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_amd64.deb | sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_amd64.deb | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | * '''powerpc''' | + | * '''powerpc''': |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | wget http://medibuntu. | + | wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/free/libd/libdvdcss/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_powerpc.deb |
sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_powerpc.deb | sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_powerpc.deb | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
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== Playing Non-Native Media Formats == | == Playing Non-Native Media Formats == | ||
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Below are the instructions for installing the packages using the command line. For other methods, please refer to [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware|Installing Software]]. | Below are the instructions for installing the packages using the command line. For other methods, please refer to [[UbuntuHelp:InstallingSoftware|Installing Software]]. | ||
| − | + | === With the entire Medibuntu repository === | |
| − | * For '''i386''', the package is called '''w32codecs''' | + | If you have added the entire Medibuntu repository, install the package using APT. |
| + | * For '''i386''', the package is called '''w32codecs''': | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | + | sudo apt-get install w32codecs | |
| − | sudo | + | |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | * For '''amd64''', the package is called '''w64codecs''' | + | * For '''amd64''', the package is called '''w64codecs''': |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | + | sudo apt-get install w64codecs | |
| − | sudo | + | |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | * For '''ppc''', the package is called '''ppc-codecs''' | + | * For '''ppc''', the package is called '''ppc-codecs''': |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | + | sudo apt-get install ppc-codecs | |
| − | sudo | + | |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | If you | + | * '''NOTE''': This ppc-codecs package is currently only available for edgy and feisty. These codecs are also available from [http://www.mplayerhq.hu/ MPlayer] and can be downloaded directly from http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/all-ppc-20061022.tar.bz2. |
| − | * For '''i386''', the package is called '''w32codecs''' | + | |
| + | * '''NOTE 2''': the w64codecs is only made for feisty and gutsy, so not for dapper or edgy | ||
| + | |||
| + | [[Anchor(codecs-individual)]] | ||
| + | === With individual packages === | ||
| + | |||
| + | If you wish to install just the individual external codecs package, you can first download the individual package and then install the package. | ||
| + | |||
| + | * For '''i386''', the package is called '''w32codecs''': | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | + | wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/non-free/w/w32codecs/w32codecs_20061022-0medibuntu1+build1_i386.deb | |
| + | sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_20061022-0medibuntu1+build1_i386.deb | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | * For '''amd64''', the package is called '''w64codecs''' | + | * For '''amd64''', the package is called '''w64codecs''': |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | + | wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/non-free/w/w64codecs/w64codecs_20061203-0medibuntu1_amd64.deb | |
| + | sudo dpkg -i w64codecs_20061203-0medibuntu1_amd64.deb | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | * For '''ppc''', the package is called '''ppc-codecs''' | + | * For '''ppc''', the package is called '''ppc-codecs''': |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | + | wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/non-free/p/ppc-codecs/ppc-codecs_20061022-0medibuntu2_powerpc.deb | |
| + | sudo dpkg -i ppc-codecs_20061022-0medibuntu2_powerpc.deb | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | |||
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== Reporting Bugs == | == Reporting Bugs == | ||
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== Links == | == Links == | ||
| − | * http:// | + | * http://www.medibuntu.org/ - Medibuntu's Home Page |
* https://launchpad.net/medibuntu/ - Medibuntu's Launchpad Page | * https://launchpad.net/medibuntu/ - Medibuntu's Launchpad Page | ||
[[category:UbuntuHelp]] | [[category:UbuntuHelp]] | ||
2007年11月21日 (三) 18:48的版本
目录
Introduction
Medibuntu (Multimedia, Entertainment & Distractions In Ubuntu) is a repository of packages that cannot be included into the Ubuntu distribution for legal reasons (copyright, license, patent, etc).
Some of these packages include the libdvdcss package from VideoLAN and the external binary codecs package (commonly known as w32codecs) used by MPlayer and xine.
Disclaimer
Patent and copyright laws operate differently depending on which country you are in. Please obtain legal advice if you are unsure whether a particular patent or restriction applies to a media format you wish to use in your country.
See Ubuntu's Free Software Philosophy and the FreeFormats page for a more comprehensive discussion of these issues.
Installing Individual Packages
NOTE: The following method is not really up-to-date (the repository structure has changed), but should still work.
Most Ubuntu users will only require a few packages from the Medibuntu repository. The most common packages are libdvdcss2 for playing DVDs and the non-native codecs packages (w32codecs, w64codecs, ppc-codecs) for playing non-native media formats. If you wish to install individual packages, then follow the steps below.
- With your favourite web browser, go to http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/.
- Choose the directory labelled as the distribution you are using.
- Click either free or non-free depending on where the package you want to install is located.
- Go into the directory labelled as the architecture you are using.
- Save the package you intend to install to your personal directory on your hard drive.
- Right click on the package you just downloaded.
- Select Ubuntu Package Menu.
- Choose Install Package.
Free and Non-free Components
Medibuntu has two components for its repository. They are labelled free and non-free. The free component has the packages for software whose sources are made freely and/or are distributed with an open source license such as the GNU General Public License. The non-free component contains software whose sources are not made freely available and/or are distributed with a license that restricts certain ways the software can be distributed.
Software in the free component are not distributed in the Ubuntu repositories because of legal issues with that software in certain countries. Some software such as Amarok and Kaffeine are distributed through the main Ubuntu repositories but with certain functionalities taken away, again because of legal issues. Medibuntu distributes these kind of packages with those functionalities in place.
Software in the non-free component are not distributed in the main Ubuntu repositories because of the licenses that these software are distributed with restricts how they can be distributed. The software in the non-free component are usually not needed for general use as there are alternatives or implementations in other open source licensed software. Some software, such as Google Earth and Adobe Acrobat Reader, are available directly from the company's website that owns the rights to them.
Since the packages in the non-free component are usually not needed, the instructions in the next section will include a step to exclude acquiring package information from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository.
Adding the Repositories
Below are the instructions to add the Medibuntu repository to your system's list of APT repositories.
Add Medibuntu to your sources.list, as well as its GPG key to your keyring. Make sure to use the correct sources.list that corresponds to your current distribution.
- Ubuntu 6.06 "Dapper Drake":
sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/dapper.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
- Ubuntu 6.10 "Edgy Eft":
sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/edgy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
- Ubuntu 7.04 "Feisty Fawn":
sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/feisty.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
- Ubuntu 7.10 "Gutsy Gibbon":
sudo wget http://www.medibuntu.org/sources.list.d/gutsy.list -O /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
- Then, add the GPG Key:
wget -q http://packages.medibuntu.org/medibuntu-key.gpg -O- | sudo apt-key add - && sudo apt-get update
Optional step : remove the non-free component
Some people don't want to install non-free software on their computer as explained in the "Free and Non-Free components" section. We will explain how to exclude getting packages from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository.
You should understand that if you remove the non-free component, you will NOT have access to these packages:
- acroread (Acrobat Reader -- not really needed because you can use free software, such as Evince, to read pdfs)
- googleearth
- Opera web browser (not really needed because you can use free software: there are several free browsers available)
- restricted video codecs (ppc-codecs, w32codecs, w64codecs)
- realplay (Real Player)
- Skype
the complete list of packages is here.
To exclude getting packages from the non-free component of the Medibuntu repository, type the following command:
sudo sed -e 's/ non-free//' -i /etc/apt/sources.list.d/medibuntu.list
Playing Encrypted DVDs
To play encrypted DVDs, the libdvdcss2 package is essential. libdvdcss is a simple library designed for accessing DVDs like a block device without having to bother about the decryption. Some more information about this package can be found at http://www.videolan.org/developers/libdvdcss.html.
Below are the instructions for installing the packages using the command line. For other methods, please refer to Installing Software.
With the entire Medibuntu repository
If you have added the entire Medibuntu repository, you just need to install the package using APT:
sudo apt-get install libdvdcss2
With individual packages
If your wish to install just libdvdcss2, you can first download the individual package and then install the package.
- i386:
wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/free/libd/libdvdcss/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_i386.deb
- amd64:
wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/free/libd/libdvdcss/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_amd64.deb
- powerpc:
wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/free/libd/libdvdcss/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_powerpc.deb sudo dpkg -i libdvdcss2_1.2.9-2medibuntu2+build1_powerpc.deb
Playing Non-Native Media Formats
There are a few formats such as certain Windows formats, Real, and Apple Quicktime which do not have native codecs under Linux. To work around this issue, external binary codecs are used instead to play these formats. MPlayer and xine use such external codecs and these codecs are stored in the MPlayer website in their codecs directory located at http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/.
Medibuntu distributes a package which contains these codecs. The codecs are under the non-free component of the repository. If you followed the directions above to exclude the non-free component, follow the steps again to add the Medibuntu repository to your system's list of APT repositories and skip the step to exclude the non-free component.
Below are the instructions for installing the packages using the command line. For other methods, please refer to Installing Software.
With the entire Medibuntu repository
If you have added the entire Medibuntu repository, install the package using APT.
- For i386, the package is called w32codecs:
sudo apt-get install w32codecs
- For amd64, the package is called w64codecs:
sudo apt-get install w64codecs
- For ppc, the package is called ppc-codecs:
sudo apt-get install ppc-codecs
- NOTE: This ppc-codecs package is currently only available for edgy and feisty. These codecs are also available from MPlayer and can be downloaded directly from http://www.mplayerhq.hu/MPlayer/releases/codecs/all-ppc-20061022.tar.bz2.
- NOTE 2: the w64codecs is only made for feisty and gutsy, so not for dapper or edgy
With individual packages
If you wish to install just the individual external codecs package, you can first download the individual package and then install the package.
- For i386, the package is called w32codecs:
wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/non-free/w/w32codecs/w32codecs_20061022-0medibuntu1+build1_i386.deb sudo dpkg -i w32codecs_20061022-0medibuntu1+build1_i386.deb
- For amd64, the package is called w64codecs:
wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/non-free/w/w64codecs/w64codecs_20061203-0medibuntu1_amd64.deb sudo dpkg -i w64codecs_20061203-0medibuntu1_amd64.deb
- For ppc, the package is called ppc-codecs:
wget -c http://packages.medibuntu.org/pool/non-free/p/ppc-codecs/ppc-codecs_20061022-0medibuntu2_powerpc.deb sudo dpkg -i ppc-codecs_20061022-0medibuntu2_powerpc.deb
Reporting Bugs
Medibuntu has its own Launchpad page to report bugs and request features and other enhancements. To report a bug found in any package distributed with Medibuntu, file a bug report at https://launchpad.net/medibuntu/+filebug.
Links
- http://www.medibuntu.org/ - Medibuntu's Home Page
- https://launchpad.net/medibuntu/ - Medibuntu's Launchpad Page
