“UbuntuHelp:LiveCdRecovery”的版本间的差异

2007年11月22日 (四) 13:24的版本 （查看源代码） Wikibot（讨论 | 贡献） 小 （新页面: {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:LiveCdRecovery}} This page describes methods for using the Ubuntu Live CD for recovering from different ...）		2007年11月30日 (五) 20:06的版本 （查看源代码） Wikibot（讨论 | 贡献） 小 下一编辑→
第1行：		第1行：
	{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery}}		{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/LiveCdRecovery}}
	{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:LiveCdRecovery}}		{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:LiveCdRecovery}}
−
−
	This page describes methods for using the Ubuntu Live CD for recovering from different kinds of problems. If you do not have an Ubuntu disk, please refer to GettingUbuntu.		This page describes methods for using the Ubuntu Live CD for recovering from different kinds of problems. If you do not have an Ubuntu disk, please refer to GettingUbuntu.
−
	=== Lost Password ===		=== Lost Password ===
	Here is how you can use the Live CD to change the administrative password on your machine if you have lost/forgot the current password.		Here is how you can use the Live CD to change the administrative password on your machine if you have lost/forgot the current password.
−
	''Note that you can usually just boot into "Recovery Mode" and run the `passwd` command directly.''		''Note that you can usually just boot into "Recovery Mode" and run the `passwd` command directly.''
−
	0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.		0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.
	0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1`		0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1`
第15行：		第10行：
	0. Depending on your machine it could also be `sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt`. If you created a custom partition layout when installing Ubuntu you have to find your root partition using the `fdisk` utility. See the section `Finding your root partition`.		0. Depending on your machine it could also be `sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt`. If you created a custom partition layout when installing Ubuntu you have to find your root partition using the `fdisk` utility. See the section `Finding your root partition`.
	0. `sudo chroot /mnt`		0. `sudo chroot /mnt`
−
	You can now use the `passwd` command to reset a password.		You can now use the `passwd` command to reset a password.
−
	Note: In the `mount` command, `/dev/hda1` will need to be replaced with the partition where the root of the file system resides.		Note: In the `mount` command, `/dev/hda1` will need to be replaced with the partition where the root of the file system resides.
−
	=== Add User to a Group ===		=== Add User to a Group ===
	''Note that you can simply boot into "Recovery Mode" and run the `adduser` command directly.''		''Note that you can simply boot into "Recovery Mode" and run the `adduser` command directly.''
−
	0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.		0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.
	0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1`		0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1`
第28行：		第19行：
	0. `sudo chroot /mnt`		0. `sudo chroot /mnt`
	0. `adduser username groupname`		0. `adduser username groupname`
−
	=== Update Failure ===		=== Update Failure ===
	If there was an update that made your system non-bootable and they have fixed it in the repositories, you can use the Live CD to run apt-get to get the new files to fix your system.		If there was an update that made your system non-bootable and they have fixed it in the repositories, you can use the Live CD to run apt-get to get the new files to fix your system.
−
	0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.		0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.
	0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1`		0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1`
第38行：		第27行：
	0. `apt-get update`		0. `apt-get update`
	0. `apt-get upgrade`		0. `apt-get upgrade`
−
	=== Finding your root partition ===		=== Finding your root partition ===
	If you created a custom partition layout during the Ubuntu installation, your root partition is probably not /dev/hda1 or /dev/sda1. If you do not know which partition corresponds to your root partition you can use the following procedure to find your root partition. We assume you have booted the live cd and are at the terminal.		If you created a custom partition layout during the Ubuntu installation, your root partition is probably not /dev/hda1 or /dev/sda1. If you do not know which partition corresponds to your root partition you can use the following procedure to find your root partition. We assume you have booted the live cd and are at the terminal.
−	* If you are not using a software raid setup or have setup your partitions using LVM/2 or EVMS your IDE/SATA/SCSI devices should be accessible through the files /dev/hd[a-z] and /dev/sd[a-z]. /dev/hda corresponds to the primary master device on your IDE bus, while /dev/sda is your first SCSI/SATA device. If you are using software raid, LVM, LVM2 or EVMS, your devices may be listed in the following directories:	+	# If you are not using a software raid setup or have setup your partitions using LVM/2 or EVMS your IDE/SATA/SCSI devices should be accessible through the files /dev/hd[a-z] and /dev/sd[a-z]. /dev/hda corresponds to the primary master device on your IDE bus, while /dev/sda is your first SCSI/SATA device. If you are using software raid, LVM, LVM2 or EVMS, your devices may be listed in the following directories:
	<pre><nowiki>		<pre><nowiki>
	/dev/evms/dm    if you are using software raid		/dev/evms/dm    if you are using software raid
第48行：		第36行：
	/dev/evms        if you are using EVMS		/dev/evms        if you are using EVMS
	</nowiki></pre> with their device (software raid) or partition name. You can learn more about Linux partitions here: http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition		</nowiki></pre> with their device (software raid) or partition name. You can learn more about Linux partitions here: http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition
−	* Now use the fdisk utility to list the partitions on a device. Let's assume that you installed Ubuntu to the fist IDE disk. Type the following:	+	2. Now use the fdisk utility to list the partitions on a device. Let's assume that you installed Ubuntu to the fist IDE disk. Type the following:
	<pre><nowiki>		<pre><nowiki>
	sudo fdisk -l /dev/hda</nowiki></pre>		sudo fdisk -l /dev/hda</nowiki></pre>
第54行：		第42行：
	<pre><nowiki>		<pre><nowiki>
	Password:		Password:
−
	Disk /dev/hda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes		Disk /dev/hda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
	16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 232581 cylinders		16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 232581 cylinders
	Units == cylinders of 1008 * 512 == 516096 bytes		Units == cylinders of 1008 * 512 == 516096 bytes
−
	Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id  System		Device Boot      Start        End      Blocks  Id  System
	/dev/hda1  *          1      13206    6655792+  7  HPFS/NTFS		/dev/hda1  *          1      13206    6655792+  7  HPFS/NTFS
第65行：		第51行：
	/dev/hda6          13207      228705  108611464+  83  Linux		/dev/hda6          13207      228705  108611464+  83  Linux
	/dev/hda7          232485      232581      48856+  83  Linux		/dev/hda7          232485      232581      48856+  83  Linux
−
	Partition table entries are not in disk order		Partition table entries are not in disk order
	</nowiki></pre> That means you have two standard Linux partitions on your disk: <code><nowiki>/dev/hda6 and /dev/hda7</nowiki></code>. You can now try to mount them and see if your Ubuntu installation is there. In this case <code><nowiki>/dev/hda7</nowiki></code> is probably not the root partition, because it is only about 50MiB in size (see the Blocks column). Therefore we mount /dev/hda6:		</nowiki></pre> That means you have two standard Linux partitions on your disk: <code><nowiki>/dev/hda6 and /dev/hda7</nowiki></code>. You can now try to mount them and see if your Ubuntu installation is there. In this case <code><nowiki>/dev/hda7</nowiki></code> is probably not the root partition, because it is only about 50MiB in size (see the Blocks column). Therefore we mount /dev/hda6:
第80行：		第65行：
	<pre><nowiki>		<pre><nowiki>
	cat /mnt/etc/lsb-release</nowiki></pre> That will give you some information about the distribution (if this file does not exist, it is probably not Ubuntu). If it is the wrong partition, just unmount it: <code><nowiki>sudo umount /mnt</nowiki></code> and try another partition on the same disk or choose a different partition on another disk (using fdisk as before).		cat /mnt/etc/lsb-release</nowiki></pre> That will give you some information about the distribution (if this file does not exist, it is probably not Ubuntu). If it is the wrong partition, just unmount it: <code><nowiki>sudo umount /mnt</nowiki></code> and try another partition on the same disk or choose a different partition on another disk (using fdisk as before).
−
	=== Recover Grub ===		=== Recover Grub ===
	If you install some other system and lose the grub.		If you install some other system and lose the grub.
−
	0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.		0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD.
	0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1`		0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1`

---

2007年11月30日 (五) 20:06的版本

This page describes methods for using the Ubuntu Live CD for recovering from different kinds of problems. If you do not have an Ubuntu disk, please refer to GettingUbuntu.

Lost Password

Here is how you can use the Live CD to change the administrative password on your machine if you have lost/forgot the current password. Note that you can usually just boot into "Recovery Mode" and run the `passwd` command directly. 0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD. 0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1` 0. `sudo mount /dev/hda1 /mnt` 0. Depending on your machine it could also be `sudo mount /dev/sda1 /mnt`. If you created a custom partition layout when installing Ubuntu you have to find your root partition using the `fdisk` utility. See the section `Finding your root partition`. 0. `sudo chroot /mnt` You can now use the `passwd` command to reset a password. Note: In the `mount` command, `/dev/hda1` will need to be replaced with the partition where the root of the file system resides.

Add User to a Group

Note that you can simply boot into "Recovery Mode" and run the `adduser` command directly. 0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD. 0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1` 0. `sudo mount /dev/hda1 /mnt` 0. `sudo chroot /mnt` 0. `adduser username groupname`

Update Failure

If there was an update that made your system non-bootable and they have fixed it in the repositories, you can use the Live CD to run apt-get to get the new files to fix your system. 0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD. 0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1` 0. `sudo mount /dev/hda1 /mnt` 0. `sudo chroot /mnt` 0. `apt-get update` 0. `apt-get upgrade`

Finding your root partition

If you created a custom partition layout during the Ubuntu installation, your root partition is probably not /dev/hda1 or /dev/sda1. If you do not know which partition corresponds to your root partition you can use the following procedure to find your root partition. We assume you have booted the live cd and are at the terminal.

1. If you are not using a software raid setup or have setup your partitions using LVM/2 or EVMS your IDE/SATA/SCSI devices should be accessible through the files /dev/hd[a-z] and /dev/sd[a-z]. /dev/hda corresponds to the primary master device on your IDE bus, while /dev/sda is your first SCSI/SATA device. If you are using software raid, LVM, LVM2 or EVMS, your devices may be listed in the following directories:

/dev/evms/dm     if you are using software raid
/dev/evms/lvm    if you are using LVM
/dev/evms/lvm2   if you are using LVM2
/dev/evms        if you are using EVMS

with their device (software raid) or partition name. You can learn more about Linux partitions here: http://tldp.org/HOWTO/Partition

2. Now use the fdisk utility to list the partitions on a device. Let's assume that you installed Ubuntu to the fist IDE disk. Type the following:

sudo fdisk -l /dev/hda

This will produce some output like this:

Password:
Disk /dev/hda: 120.0 GB, 120034123776 bytes
16 heads, 63 sectors/track, 232581 cylinders
Units == cylinders of 1008 * 512 == 516096 bytes
Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hda1   *           1       13206     6655792+   7  HPFS/NTFS
/dev/hda2           13207      232581   110565000    5  Extended
/dev/hda5          228706      232484     1904616   82  Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/hda6           13207      228705   108611464+  83  Linux
/dev/hda7          232485      232581       48856+  83  Linux
Partition table entries are not in disk order

That means you have two standard Linux partitions on your disk: /dev/hda6 and /dev/hda7. You can now try to mount them and see if your Ubuntu installation is there. In this case /dev/hda7 is probably not the root partition, because it is only about 50MiB in size (see the Blocks column). Therefore we mount /dev/hda6:

sudo mount /dev/hda6 /mnt

Now show the files on the partition:

ls /mnt

If this command shows something like:

bin     dev      home      media     proc      sbin     tmp     var
boot    etc      lib       opt       root      sys      usr

it is a partition holding a Linux distribution. You can check if it really is Ubuntu (if you have multiple linux installations on your disk) using the following command:

cat /mnt/etc/lsb-release

That will give you some information about the distribution (if this file does not exist, it is probably not Ubuntu). If it is the wrong partition, just unmount it: sudo umount /mnt and try another partition on the same disk or choose a different partition on another disk (using fdisk as before).

Recover Grub

If you install some other system and lose the grub. 0. Boot the Ubuntu Live CD. 0. Press `Ctrl-Alt-F1` 0. Find the partition where your /boot directory is (normally the root partition) check the previous tip for that. 0. `sudo mount /dev/hda1 /mnt` 0. `sudo chroot /mnt` 0. `grub` 0. `find /boot/grub/stage1` (will output a partition name like (hd0,3) ) 0. `root (hd0,3)` 0. `setup (hd0)` 0. `quit` 0. Now restart the system and remove the Live CD