UbuntuHelp:Installation/QuickNetboot

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https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/QuickNetboot

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There is more than one way to install Ubuntu via netboot, search for netboot in the Ubuntu wiki. This guide aims to give simple, complete and verifiable instructions to get netboot working in a matter of minutes. They are for installing Ubuntu 8.04, but with minor modifications in step 2 they should work for other Ubuntu releases as well.

Before you begin

There should be no other DHCP servers running in the subnet. You might succeed with two servers as well (as I did), but be warned.

DHCP/TFTP server installation

Prepare

0 become the root

sudo -i

1. install required software

apt-get install dnsmasq atftp atftpd

1.#2 download and unpack the netboot tarball

mkdir /tftpboot
cd /tftpboot
wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
tar zxf netboot.tar.gz
chown -R nobody: .

1.#3 tell dnsmasq to assign addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, put the server's ip address in <SERVER_IP>, the default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER>. Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor:

dhcp-range=<BEGIN_IP_RANGE>,<END_IP_RANGE>,12h
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,<SERVER_IP>
dhcp-option=3,<DEFAULT_GW>
dhcp-option=6,<DNS_SERVER>

An example append is shown here:

dhcp-range=192.168.0.20,192.168.0.30,12h
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,192.168.0.10
dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.1
dhcp-option=6,192.168.0.1

Then restart dnsmasq with the following command:

invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart

1.#4 tell atftpd to run as a server directly, not through inetd

sed -e '/USE_INETD=/s/true/false/' -i /etc/default/atftpd

you also need to add option --daemon in the OPTIONS line of /etc/default/atftpd

invoke-rc.d inetd stop
invoke-rc.d xinetd stop
invoke-rc.d atftpd restart

1.#5 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether

iptables -F
iptables -X
iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
iptables -t mangle -F 2>/dev/null
iptables -t mangle -X 2>/dev/null
iptables -t nat -F 2>/dev/null
iptables -t nat -X 2>/dev/null

1.#6 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works.

Verify

1. check iptables, if you turned it off, there should be no rules and the policy should be ACCEPT

iptables -L
iptables -t nat -L
iptables -t mangle -L

1.#2 check if dnsmasq is listening on the bootp port 67

netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:67  0.0.0.0:*  <some num>/dnsmasq

1.#3 check if atftpd is listening on the tftp port 69

netstat -nulp | grep atftpd # should display udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:69  0.0.0.0:*  <some num>/atftpd

1.#4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp.

cd /tmp
echo 'get pxelinux.0' | atftp localhost

ls -l pxelinux.0 # should display a ~14kB file

Boot the client

Enable PXE boot in BIOS or use Ethertool or whatever makes your client boot off the net. See e.g. http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php .

Problems?

1. check syslog (/var/log/syslog)
2. use ethereal (wireshark) to inspect network traffic