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=== Prepare ===
 
=== Prepare ===
−
1. install required software
+
# install required software
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq atftp atftpd
 
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq atftp atftpd
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
  
−
1.#2 download and unpack the netboot tarball
+
##2 download and unpack the netboot tarball
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
sudo mkdir /tftpboot
 
sudo mkdir /tftpboot
第26行： 第26行：
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
  
−
1.#3 tell ''dnsmasq'' to assing addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, put the servers ip address in <SERVER_IP>, the default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER>. Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor:
+
##3 tell ''dnsmasq'' to assing addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, put the servers ip address in <SERVER_IP>, the default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER>. Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor:
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
dhcp-range=<BEGIN_IP_RANGE>,<END_IP_RANGE>,12h
 
dhcp-range=<BEGIN_IP_RANGE>,<END_IP_RANGE>,12h
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</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
  
−
1.#4 tell ''atftpd'' to run as a server directly, not through ''inetd''
+
##4 tell ''atftpd'' to run as a server directly, not through ''inetd''
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
sudo sed -e '/USE_INETD=/s/true/false/' -i /etc/default/atftpd
 
sudo sed -e '/USE_INETD=/s/true/false/' -i /etc/default/atftpd
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</nowiki></pre>  
 
</nowiki></pre>  
  
−
1.#5 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether
+
##5 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
sudo iptables -F
 
sudo iptables -F
第71行： 第71行：
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
  
−
1.#6 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works.
+
##6 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works.
  
 
=== Verify ===
 
=== Verify ===
  
−
1. check ''iptables'', if you turned it off, there should be no rules and the policy should be ''ACCEPT''  
+
# check ''iptables'', if you turned it off, there should be no rules and the policy should be ''ACCEPT''  
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
sudo iptables -L
 
sudo iptables -L
第82行： 第82行：
 
</nowiki></pre>  
 
</nowiki></pre>  
  
−
1.#2 check if ''dnsmasq'' is listening on the ''bootp'' port 67
+
##2 check if ''dnsmasq'' is listening on the ''bootp'' port 67
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:67  0.0.0.0:*  <some num>/dnsmasq
 
netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:67  0.0.0.0:*  <some num>/dnsmasq
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
  
−
1.#3 check if ''atftpd'' is listening on the ''tftp'' port 69
+
##3 check if ''atftpd'' is listening on the ''tftp'' port 69
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
netstat -nulp | grep atftpd # should display udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:69  0.0.0.0:*  <some num>/atftpd
 
netstat -nulp | grep atftpd # should display udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:69  0.0.0.0:*  <some num>/atftpd
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
  
−
1.#4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp, replace SERVER_IP with your own ip address.
+
##4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp, replace SERVER_IP with your own ip address.
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
cd /tmp
 
cd /tmp
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=== Problems? ===
 
=== Problems? ===
  
−
1. check syslog (''/var/log/syslog'')
+
# check syslog (''/var/log/syslog'')
−
1. use ''ethereal'' to inspect network traffic
+
# use ''ethereal'' to inspect network traffic
  
 
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]
 
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]

2007年5月13日 (日) 16:25的版本

Geographylogo.png 文章出处: 

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/QuickNetboot

Geographylogo.png 点击翻译: 

English

There is more than one way to install Ubuntu via netboot, search for netboot in the Ubuntu wiki.

This guide aims to give simple, complete and verifiable instructions to get netboot working in a matter of minutes. The server is running Dapper and the instructions are for installing Dapper, but with minor modifications in step 2 they should work for other Ubuntu releases as well.

Before you begin

There should be no other DHCP servers running in the subnet. You might succeed with two servers as well (as I did), but be warned.

DHCP/TFTP server installation

Prepare

  1. install required software
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq atftp atftpd
    1. 2 download and unpack the netboot tarball
sudo mkdir /tftpboot
cd /tftpboot
sudo wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/dapper/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz
sudo tar zxf netboot.tar.gz
sudo chown -R nobody: .
    1. 3 tell dnsmasq to assing addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, put the servers ip address in <SERVER_IP>, the default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER>. Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor:
dhcp-range=<BEGIN_IP_RANGE>,<END_IP_RANGE>,12h
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,<SERVER_IP>
dhcp-option=3,<DEFAULT_GW>
dhcp-option=6,<DNS_SERVER>

An example append is shown here: 

dhcp-range=192.168.0.20,192.168.0.30,12h
dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,192.168.0.10
dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.1
dhcp-option=6,192.168.0.1

Then restart dnsmasq with the following command: 

sudo invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart
    1. 4 tell atftpd to run as a server directly, not through inetd
sudo sed -e '/USE_INETD=/s/true/false/' -i /etc/default/atftpd

sudo invoke-rc.d inetd stop
sudo invoke-rc.d xinetd stop
sudo invoke-rc.d atftpd restart
    1. 5 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether
sudo iptables -F
sudo iptables -X
sudo iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT
sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT
sudo iptables -t mangle -F 2>/dev/null
sudo iptables -t mangle -X 2>/dev/null
sudo iptables -t nat -F 2>/dev/null
sudo iptables -t nat -X 2>/dev/null
    1. 6 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works.

Verify

  1. check iptables, if you turned it off, there should be no rules and the policy should be ACCEPT 
sudo iptables -L
sudo iptables -t nat -L
sudo iptables -t mangle -L
    1. 2 check if dnsmasq is listening on the bootp port 67
netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:67  0.0.0.0:*  <some num>/dnsmasq
    1. 3 check if atftpd is listening on the tftp port 69
netstat -nulp | grep atftpd # should display udp  0  0 0.0.0.0:69  0.0.0.0:*  <some num>/atftpd
    1. 4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp, replace SERVER_IP with your own ip address.
cd /tmp
echo 'get pxelinux.0' | atftp SERVER_IP

ls -l pxelinux.0 # should display a 13156-byte file

Boot the client

Enable PXE boot in BIOS or use Ethertool or whatever makes your client boot off the net. See e.g. http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php .

Problems?

  1. check syslog (/var/log/syslog)
  2. use ethereal to inspect network traffic
取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=UbuntuHelp:Installation/QuickNetboot&oldid=2110”