“UbuntuHelp:Installation/QuickNetboot”的版本间的差异
来自Ubuntu中文
小 （New page: {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/QuickNetboot}} {{Languages|php5}} There is more than one way to install Ubuntu via netboot, search for ''netboot'' in the Ubuntu wiki....） |
小 |
||
| 第15行： | 第15行： | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq atftp atftpd | sudo apt-get install dnsmasq atftp atftpd | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
1.#2 download and unpack the netboot tarball | 1.#2 download and unpack the netboot tarball | ||
| 第24行： | 第24行： | ||
sudo tar zxf netboot.tar.gz | sudo tar zxf netboot.tar.gz | ||
sudo chown -R nobody: . | sudo chown -R nobody: . | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
1.#3 tell ''dnsmasq'' to assing addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, put the servers ip address in <SERVER_IP>, the default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER>. Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor: | 1.#3 tell ''dnsmasq'' to assing addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, put the servers ip address in <SERVER_IP>, the default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER>. Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor: | ||
| 第32行： | 第32行： | ||
dhcp-option=3,<DEFAULT_GW> | dhcp-option=3,<DEFAULT_GW> | ||
dhcp-option=6,<DNS_SERVER> | dhcp-option=6,<DNS_SERVER> | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
An example append is shown here: | An example append is shown here: | ||
| 第41行： | 第41行： | ||
dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.1 | dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.1 | ||
dhcp-option=6,192.168.0.1 | dhcp-option=6,192.168.0.1 | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
Then restart dnsmasq with the following command: | Then restart dnsmasq with the following command: | ||
| 第47行： | 第47行： | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart | sudo invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
1.#4 tell ''atftpd'' to run as a server directly, not through ''inetd'' | 1.#4 tell ''atftpd'' to run as a server directly, not through ''inetd'' | ||
| 第56行： | 第56行： | ||
sudo invoke-rc.d xinetd stop | sudo invoke-rc.d xinetd stop | ||
sudo invoke-rc.d atftpd restart | sudo invoke-rc.d atftpd restart | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
1.#5 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether | 1.#5 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether | ||
| 第69行： | 第69行： | ||
sudo iptables -t nat -F 2>/dev/null | sudo iptables -t nat -F 2>/dev/null | ||
sudo iptables -t nat -X 2>/dev/null | sudo iptables -t nat -X 2>/dev/null | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
1.#6 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works. | 1.#6 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works. | ||
| 第80行： | 第80行： | ||
sudo iptables -t nat -L | sudo iptables -t nat -L | ||
sudo iptables -t mangle -L | sudo iptables -t mangle -L | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
1.#2 check if ''dnsmasq'' is listening on the ''bootp'' port 67 | 1.#2 check if ''dnsmasq'' is listening on the ''bootp'' port 67 | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/dnsmasq | netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/dnsmasq | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
1.#3 check if ''atftpd'' is listening on the ''tftp'' port 69 | 1.#3 check if ''atftpd'' is listening on the ''tftp'' port 69 | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
netstat -nulp | grep atftpd # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/atftpd | netstat -nulp | grep atftpd # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/atftpd | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
1.#4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp, replace SERVER_IP with your own ip address. | 1.#4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp, replace SERVER_IP with your own ip address. | ||
| 第98行： | 第98行： | ||
ls -l pxelinux.0 # should display a 13156-byte file | ls -l pxelinux.0 # should display a 13156-byte file | ||
| − | </nowiki></ | + | </nowiki></pre> |
=== Boot the client === | === Boot the client === | ||
2007年5月13日 (日) 12:51的版本
There is more than one way to install Ubuntu via netboot, search for netboot in the Ubuntu wiki.
This guide aims to give simple, complete and verifiable instructions to get netboot working in a matter of minutes. The server is running Dapper and the instructions are for installing Dapper, but with minor modifications in step 2 they should work for other Ubuntu releases as well.
目录
Before you begin
There should be no other DHCP servers running in the subnet. You might succeed with two servers as well (as I did), but be warned.
DHCP/TFTP server installation
Prepare
1. install required software
sudo apt-get install dnsmasq atftp atftpd
1.#2 download and unpack the netboot tarball
sudo mkdir /tftpboot cd /tftpboot sudo wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/dapper/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz sudo tar zxf netboot.tar.gz sudo chown -R nobody: .
1.#3 tell dnsmasq to assing addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, put the servers ip address in <SERVER_IP>, the default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER>. Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor:
dhcp-range=<BEGIN_IP_RANGE>,<END_IP_RANGE>,12h dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,<SERVER_IP> dhcp-option=3,<DEFAULT_GW> dhcp-option=6,<DNS_SERVER>
An example append is shown here:
dhcp-range=192.168.0.20,192.168.0.30,12h dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,192.168.0.10 dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.1 dhcp-option=6,192.168.0.1
Then restart dnsmasq with the following command:
sudo invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart
1.#4 tell atftpd to run as a server directly, not through inetd
sudo sed -e '/USE_INETD=/s/true/false/' -i /etc/default/atftpd sudo invoke-rc.d inetd stop sudo invoke-rc.d xinetd stop sudo invoke-rc.d atftpd restart
1.#5 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether
sudo iptables -F sudo iptables -X sudo iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT sudo iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT sudo iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT sudo iptables -t mangle -F 2>/dev/null sudo iptables -t mangle -X 2>/dev/null sudo iptables -t nat -F 2>/dev/null sudo iptables -t nat -X 2>/dev/null
1.#6 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works.
Verify
1. check iptables, if you turned it off, there should be no rules and the policy should be ACCEPT
sudo iptables -L sudo iptables -t nat -L sudo iptables -t mangle -L
1.#2 check if dnsmasq is listening on the bootp port 67
netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/dnsmasq
1.#3 check if atftpd is listening on the tftp port 69
netstat -nulp | grep atftpd # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/atftpd
1.#4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp, replace SERVER_IP with your own ip address.
cd /tmp echo 'get pxelinux.0' | atftp SERVER_IP ls -l pxelinux.0 # should display a 13156-byte file
Boot the client
Enable PXE boot in BIOS or use Ethertool or whatever makes your client boot off the net. See e.g. http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php .
Problems?
1. check syslog (/var/log/syslog) 1. use ethereal to inspect network traffic
