“UbuntuHelp:Installation/QuickNetboot”的版本间的差异
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{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Installation/QuickNetboot}} | {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Installation/QuickNetboot}} | ||
There is more than one way to install Ubuntu via netboot, search for ''netboot'' in the Ubuntu wiki. | There is more than one way to install Ubuntu via netboot, search for ''netboot'' in the Ubuntu wiki. | ||
| − | This guide aims to give simple, complete and verifiable instructions to get netboot working in a matter of minutes. They are for installing Ubuntu | + | This guide aims to give simple, complete and verifiable instructions to get netboot working in a matter of minutes. They are for installing Ubuntu 8.04, but with minor modifications in step 2 they should work for other Ubuntu releases as well. |
== Before you begin == | == Before you begin == | ||
There should be no other DHCP servers running in the subnet. You ''might'' succeed with two servers as well (as I did), but be warned. | There should be no other DHCP servers running in the subnet. You ''might'' succeed with two servers as well (as I did), but be warned. | ||
| + | You might want to check if TFTP service is already enabled on your server, e.g. via inetd (''/etc/inetd.conf''; use ''update-inetd --disable tftp'' to turn off the inetd service). | ||
== DHCP/TFTP server installation == | == DHCP/TFTP server installation == | ||
=== Prepare === | === Prepare === | ||
| − | 0 become the root | + | 0 become the root user |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
sudo -i | sudo -i | ||
| 第14行： | 第15行： | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | apt-get install dnsmasq atftp | + | apt-get install dnsmasq atftp |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
1.#2 download and unpack the netboot tarball | 1.#2 download and unpack the netboot tarball | ||
| 第20行： | 第21行： | ||
mkdir /tftpboot | mkdir /tftpboot | ||
cd /tftpboot | cd /tftpboot | ||
| − | wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/ | + | wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz |
tar zxf netboot.tar.gz | tar zxf netboot.tar.gz | ||
chown -R nobody: . | chown -R nobody: . | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | 1.#3 tell ''dnsmasq'' to assign addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, | + | 1.#3 tell ''dnsmasq'' to assign addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, and to enable the TFTP service for BOOTP (PXE). The default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER> (both of these may be omitted if the host running ''dnsmasq'' is also the LAN's default gateway and DNS server). Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor: |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
dhcp-range=<BEGIN_IP_RANGE>,<END_IP_RANGE>,12h | dhcp-range=<BEGIN_IP_RANGE>,<END_IP_RANGE>,12h | ||
| − | dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0 | + | enable-tftp |
| + | tftp-root=/tftpboot | ||
| + | dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0 | ||
dhcp-option=3,<DEFAULT_GW> | dhcp-option=3,<DEFAULT_GW> | ||
dhcp-option=6,<DNS_SERVER> | dhcp-option=6,<DNS_SERVER> | ||
| 第34行： | 第37行： | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
dhcp-range=192.168.0.20,192.168.0.30,12h | dhcp-range=192.168.0.20,192.168.0.30,12h | ||
| − | dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0 | + | enable-tftp |
| + | tftp-root=/tftpboot | ||
| + | dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0 | ||
dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.1 | dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.1 | ||
dhcp-option=6,192.168.0.1 | dhcp-option=6,192.168.0.1 | ||
| 第42行： | 第47行： | ||
invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart | invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | 1.#4 | + | 1.#4 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
| − | + | ||
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
iptables -F | iptables -F | ||
| 第63行： | 第59行： | ||
iptables -t nat -X 2>/dev/null | iptables -t nat -X 2>/dev/null | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | 1.# | + | 1.#5 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works. |
=== Verify === | === Verify === | ||
<ol><li>check ''iptables'', if you turned it off, there should be no rules and the policy should be ''ACCEPT''</li></ol> | <ol><li>check ''iptables'', if you turned it off, there should be no rules and the policy should be ''ACCEPT''</li></ol> | ||
| 第76行： | 第72行： | ||
netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/dnsmasq | netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/dnsmasq | ||
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | 1.#3 check if '' | + | 1.#3 check if ''dnsmasq'' is listening on the ''tftp'' port 69 |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
| − | netstat -nulp | grep | + | netstat -nulp | grep '69.*dnsmasq' # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/dnsmasq |
</nowiki></pre> | </nowiki></pre> | ||
| − | 1.#4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp | + | 1.#4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp. |
<pre><nowiki> | <pre><nowiki> | ||
cd /tmp | cd /tmp | ||
| − | echo 'get pxelinux.0' | atftp | + | echo 'get pxelinux.0' | atftp localhost |
ls -l pxelinux.0 # should display a ~14kB file | ls -l pxelinux.0 # should display a ~14kB file | ||
2010年5月19日 (三) 22:51的最新版本
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There is more than one way to install Ubuntu via netboot, search for netboot in the Ubuntu wiki. This guide aims to give simple, complete and verifiable instructions to get netboot working in a matter of minutes. They are for installing Ubuntu 8.04, but with minor modifications in step 2 they should work for other Ubuntu releases as well.
目录
Before you begin
There should be no other DHCP servers running in the subnet. You might succeed with two servers as well (as I did), but be warned. You might want to check if TFTP service is already enabled on your server, e.g. via inetd (/etc/inetd.conf; use update-inetd --disable tftp to turn off the inetd service).
DHCP/TFTP server installation
Prepare
0 become the root user
sudo -i
- install required software
apt-get install dnsmasq atftp
1.#2 download and unpack the netboot tarball
mkdir /tftpboot cd /tftpboot wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/hardy/main/installer-i386/current/images/netboot/netboot.tar.gz tar zxf netboot.tar.gz chown -R nobody: .
1.#3 tell dnsmasq to assign addresses starting from <BEGIN_IP_RANGE> until <END_IP_RANGE>, and to enable the TFTP service for BOOTP (PXE). The default gateway must be put in <DEFAULT_GW>, and the dns server in <DNS_SERVER> (both of these may be omitted if the host running dnsmasq is also the LAN's default gateway and DNS server). Append this to /etc/dnsmasq.conf with your favorite editor:
dhcp-range=<BEGIN_IP_RANGE>,<END_IP_RANGE>,12h enable-tftp tftp-root=/tftpboot dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0 dhcp-option=3,<DEFAULT_GW> dhcp-option=6,<DNS_SERVER>
An example append is shown here:
dhcp-range=192.168.0.20,192.168.0.30,12h enable-tftp tftp-root=/tftpboot dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0 dhcp-option=3,192.168.0.1 dhcp-option=6,192.168.0.1
Then restart dnsmasq with the following command:
invoke-rc.d dnsmasq restart
1.#4 check that your firewall is not blocking DHCP/TFTP traffic (UDP) or, alternatively, just turn off the firewall altogether
iptables -F iptables -X iptables -P INPUT ACCEPT iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -t mangle -F 2>/dev/null iptables -t mangle -X 2>/dev/null iptables -t nat -F 2>/dev/null iptables -t nat -X 2>/dev/null
1.#5 everything is ready to run now. Time to verify if everything really works.
Verify
- check iptables, if you turned it off, there should be no rules and the policy should be ACCEPT
iptables -L iptables -t nat -L iptables -t mangle -L
1.#2 check if dnsmasq is listening on the bootp port 67
netstat -nulp | grep '67.*dnsmasq' # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:67 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/dnsmasq
1.#3 check if dnsmasq is listening on the tftp port 69
netstat -nulp | grep '69.*dnsmasq' # should display udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:69 0.0.0.0:* <some num>/dnsmasq
1.#4 test if you can get the PXE boot kernel via tftp.
cd /tmp echo 'get pxelinux.0' | atftp localhost ls -l pxelinux.0 # should display a ~14kB file
Boot the client
Enable PXE boot in BIOS or use Ethertool or whatever makes your client boot off the net. See e.g. http://syslinux.zytor.com/pxe.php .
Problems?
- check syslog (/var/log/syslog)
- use ethereal (wireshark) to inspect network traffic
