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{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Installation/OverSSH}}
 
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Installation/OverSSH}}
 
/!\ This is a work in progress, it is not mature yet and it may break your system!
 
/!\ This is a work in progress, it is not mature yet and it may break your system!
−
 
 
=== Caveat ===
 
=== Caveat ===
 
As you may already have guessed following this instruction may break your system and you are on your own to fix it again.
 
As you may already have guessed following this instruction may break your system and you are on your own to fix it again.
第8行： 第7行：
 
=== Scenario ===
 
=== Scenario ===
 
This instruction describes how to install Ubuntu on a dedicated server over ssh. I assume that your provider provides you with a rescue system from which you can boot and prepare your system. An Online replacement is possible, but it is some more work and a lot more risky if things go bad (the basic idea is to temporarily disable your swap and install a transitional system on it).
 
This instruction describes how to install Ubuntu on a dedicated server over ssh. I assume that your provider provides you with a rescue system from which you can boot and prepare your system. An Online replacement is possible, but it is some more work and a lot more risky if things go bad (the basic idea is to temporarily disable your swap and install a transitional system on it).
−
 
 
=== Preparing the Hard Disk ===
 
=== Preparing the Hard Disk ===
 
==== Partitioning ====
 
==== Partitioning ====
第15行： 第13行：
 
# fdisk /dev/hda
 
# fdisk /dev/hda
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Remember to set the root partition bootable!
 
Remember to set the root partition bootable!
−
 
 
For the rest of this instruction we assume the following partition layout.
 
For the rest of this instruction we assume the following partition layout.
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第23行： 第19行：
 
/dev/hda2 (82  Linux swap)  - as swap
 
/dev/hda2 (82  Linux swap)  - as swap
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== Creating File Systems ====
 
==== Creating File Systems ====
 
Below is how we get our / populated with ext3.
 
Below is how we get our / populated with ext3.
第29行： 第24行：
 
# mke2fs -j /dev/hda1
 
# mke2fs -j /dev/hda1
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
And the same for our swap partition.
 
And the same for our swap partition.
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第36行： 第30行：
 
# swapon /dev/hda2
 
# swapon /dev/hda2
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
−
 
−
 
 
=== The Base System ===
 
=== The Base System ===
−
 
 
==== Mounting Root ====
 
==== Mounting Root ====
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第46行： 第36行：
 
# mount -t ext3 /dev/hda1 /mnt/ubuntu
 
# mount -t ext3 /dev/hda1 /mnt/ubuntu
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== Getting Debootstrap ====
 
==== Getting Debootstrap ====
 
Debootstrap is a collection of scripts that we will use in the next step to set up a base system. We need an appropriate version of <code><nowiki>debootstrap</nowiki></code> from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/ to make this work.
 
Debootstrap is a collection of scripts that we will use in the next step to set up a base system. We need an appropriate version of <code><nowiki>debootstrap</nowiki></code> from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/ to make this work.
−
 
 
Make sure that <code><nowiki>binutils</nowiki></code> is installed on your system.
 
Make sure that <code><nowiki>binutils</nowiki></code> is installed on your system.
−
 
 
On an apt based system we can use <code><nowiki>dpkg</nowiki></code> to install it.
 
On an apt based system we can use <code><nowiki>dpkg</nowiki></code> to install it.
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第57行： 第44行：
 
# dpkg -i debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
 
# dpkg -i debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
If your current system is rpm based, use alien to install it or find a rpm on the web (http://azhrarn.underhanded.org/debootstrap-0.2.23-1.i386.rpm).
 
If your current system is rpm based, use alien to install it or find a rpm on the web (http://azhrarn.underhanded.org/debootstrap-0.2.23-1.i386.rpm).
−
 
 
If your system is neither, this might work.
 
If your system is neither, this might work.
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第68行： 第53行：
 
# tar zxvf work/data.tar.gz
 
# tar zxvf work/data.tar.gz
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
−
 
−
 
−
 
 
==== Installing the Base System ====
 
==== Installing the Base System ====
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch i386 dapper /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
 
# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch i386 dapper /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
(arch may be different for you, e.g. md64, hppa, ia64, powerpc, or sparc)
 
(arch may be different for you, e.g. md64, hppa, ia64, powerpc, or sparc)
−
 
 
=== Basic Configuration ===
 
=== Basic Configuration ===
 
==== Set the Hostname ====
 
==== Set the Hostname ====
第85行： 第64行：
 
# echo HOSTNAME > /mnt/ubuntu/etc/hostname
 
# echo HOSTNAME > /mnt/ubuntu/etc/hostname
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== fstab ====
 
==== fstab ====
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# vim /mnt/ubuntu/etc/fstab
 
# vim /mnt/ubuntu/etc/fstab
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Put the following in fstab:
 
Put the following in fstab:
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第100行： 第77行：
 
/dev/hda2      none            swap    sw              0      0
 
/dev/hda2      none            swap    sw              0      0
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== Networking ====
 
==== Networking ====
 
Make sure to use your network details instead.
 
Make sure to use your network details instead.
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
−
 
 
#Network Config:
 
#Network Config:
 
# The loopback network interface
 
# The loopback network interface
 
auto lo
 
auto lo
 
iface lo inet loopback
 
iface lo inet loopback
−
 
 
# The primary network interface
 
# The primary network interface
 
auto eth0
 
auto eth0
第119行： 第93行：
 
netmask 255.255.255.0
 
netmask 255.255.255.0
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
Make sure to use your hostname and domain.
 
Make sure to use your hostname and domain.
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第125行： 第98行：
 
127.0.0.1  hostname.domain.tld hostname
 
127.0.0.1  hostname.domain.tld hostname
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
You need a valid resolv.conf with at least one valid nameserver, e.g.:
 
You need a valid resolv.conf with at least one valid nameserver, e.g.:
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
nameserver 10.0.0.1
 
nameserver 10.0.0.1
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
−
 
 
=== Enter the new environment ===
 
=== Enter the new environment ===
 
Before we chroot into the new environment we need to mount /proc and /dev
 
Before we chroot into the new environment we need to mount /proc and /dev
第140行： 第109行：
 
LANG= chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash
 
LANG= chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== Change the root password ====
 
==== Change the root password ====
 
It is just bad if you forget this, so just ....
 
It is just bad if you forget this, so just ....
第146行： 第114行：
 
# passwd
 
# passwd
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== Create a user and switch shadow password on ====
 
==== Create a user and switch shadow password on ====
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# dpkg-reconfigure --default-priority passwd
 
# dpkg-reconfigure --default-priority passwd
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
=== Installing Packages ===
 
=== Installing Packages ===
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# apt-get update
 
# apt-get update
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== Installing OpenSSH Server ====
 
==== Installing OpenSSH Server ====
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# apt-get install openssh-server
 
# apt-get install openssh-server
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== Install a Kernel ====
 
==== Install a Kernel ====
 
Choose the right kernel for your architecture. I go with:
 
Choose the right kernel for your architecture. I go with:
第168行： 第131行：
 
# apt-get install linux-image-686
 
# apt-get install linux-image-686
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
−
 
 
==== Installing GRUB ====
 
==== Installing GRUB ====
 
The boot loader is most important, so do:
 
The boot loader is most important, so do:
第177行： 第138行：
 
cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub
 
cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub
 
vim /boot/grub/grub.conf
 
vim /boot/grub/grub.conf
−
 
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# /boot/grub/grub.conf
 
# /boot/grub/grub.conf
 
default 0
 
default 0
 
timeout 3
 
timeout 3
−
 
 
title=Ubuntu
 
title=Ubuntu
 
root (hd0,0)
 
root (hd0,0)
第190行： 第148行：
 
initrd /initrd.img
 
initrd /initrd.img
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
ln -s /boot/grub/grub.conf /boot/grub/menu.lst
 
ln -s /boot/grub/grub.conf /boot/grub/menu.lst
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# grub
 
# grub
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
grub> root (hd0,0)
 
grub> root (hd0,0)
第205行： 第159行：
 
grub> quit
 
grub> quit
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
−
 
−
 
 
==== Reboot ====
 
==== Reboot ====
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# exit
 
# exit
 
# cd /
 
# cd /
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/proc
 
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/proc
第221行： 第170行：
 
# reboot
 
# reboot
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
−
 
 
=== Finishing ===
 
=== Finishing ===
 
After the reboot ssh in again.
 
After the reboot ssh in again.
−
 
 
==== Generate locales ====
 
==== Generate locales ====
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
第232行： 第178行：
 
# echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment
 
# echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
==== Istall some more packages ====
 
==== Istall some more packages ====
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
<pre><nowiki>
 
apt-get install ubuntu-standard
 
apt-get install ubuntu-standard
 
</nowiki></pre>
 
</nowiki></pre>
−
 
 
=== References ===
 
=== References ===
 
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromKnoppix]]
 
* [[UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromKnoppix]]
−
 
 
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml The Gentoo Handbook] contains a very good (Gentoo specific) [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1 instruction on chrooted installation procedures].
 
* [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml The Gentoo Handbook] contains a very good (Gentoo specific) [http://www.gentoo.org/doc/en/handbook/handbook-x86.xml?part=1 instruction on chrooted installation procedures].
−
 
 
* [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/apds03.html An other instruction] from the [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/index.html Ubuntu Installation Guide] is somewhat outdated and has shortcomings related to the bootloader installation.
 
* [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/apds03.html An other instruction] from the [http://doc.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/install/i386/index.html Ubuntu Installation Guide] is somewhat outdated and has shortcomings related to the bootloader installation.
−
 
 
* [http://www.underhanded.org/papers/debian-conversion/remotedeb.html  HOWTO - Install Debian Onto a Remote Linux System] - A Debian specific HOWTO.
 
* [http://www.underhanded.org/papers/debian-conversion/remotedeb.html  HOWTO - Install Debian Onto a Remote Linux System] - A Debian specific HOWTO.
  
 
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]
 
[[category:UbuntuHelp]]

2007年11月30日 (五) 17:59的版本

Geographylogo.png 文章出处: 

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/OverSSH

Geographylogo.png 点击翻译: 

English  • 中文

请不要直接编辑翻译本页，本页将定期与来源同步。


/!\ This is a work in progress, it is not mature yet and it may break your system!

Caveat

As you may already have guessed following this instruction may break your system and you are on your own to fix it again. apt-get install linux-image-686

Scenario

This instruction describes how to install Ubuntu on a dedicated server over ssh. I assume that your provider provides you with a rescue system from which you can boot and prepare your system. An Online replacement is possible, but it is some more work and a lot more risky if things go bad (the basic idea is to temporarily disable your swap and install a transitional system on it).

Preparing the Hard Disk

Partitioning

Use fdisk to partition your hard disk. 

# fdisk /dev/hda

Remember to set the root partition bootable! For the rest of this instruction we assume the following partition layout. 

/dev/hda1 (83  Linux)        - for /, 
/dev/hda2 (82  Linux swap)   - as swap

Creating File Systems

Below is how we get our / populated with ext3. 

# mke2fs -j /dev/hda1

And the same for our swap partition. 

# mkswap /dev/hda2
# sync; sync; sync
# swapon /dev/hda2

The Base System

Mounting Root

# mkdir /mnt/ubuntu
# mount -t ext3 /dev/hda1 /mnt/ubuntu

Getting Debootstrap

Debootstrap is a collection of scripts that we will use in the next step to set up a base system. We need an appropriate version of debootstrap from http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/ to make this work. Make sure that binutils is installed on your system. On an apt based system we can use dpkg to install it. 

# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
# dpkg -i debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb

If your current system is rpm based, use alien to install it or find a rpm on the web (http://azhrarn.underhanded.org/debootstrap-0.2.23-1.i386.rpm). If your system is neither, this might work. 

# mkdir /work; cd /work
# wget http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/pool/main/d/debootstrap/debootstrap_0.3.3.0ubuntu2_all.deb
# ar -xf debootstrap-udeb_0.3.3.0ubuntu7_i386.udeb
# cd /
# tar zxvf work/data.tar.gz

Installing the Base System

# /usr/sbin/debootstrap --arch i386 dapper /mnt/ubuntu http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu

(arch may be different for you, e.g. md64, hppa, ia64, powerpc, or sparc)

Basic Configuration

Set the Hostname

Change HOSTNAME to whatever suits your environment. 

# echo HOSTNAME > /mnt/ubuntu/etc/hostname

fstab

# vim /mnt/ubuntu/etc/fstab

Put the following in fstab: 

# /etc/fstab: static file system information.
#
# <file system> <mount point>   <type>  <options>       <dump>  <pass>
proc            /proc           proc    defaults        0       0
/dev/hda1       /               ext3    defaults,errors=remount-ro 0       1
/dev/hda2       none            swap    sw              0       0

Networking

Make sure to use your network details instead. 

#Network Config:
# The loopback network interface
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback
# The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 10.0.0.10
network 10.0.0.0
broadcast 10.0.0.255
gateway 10.0.0.1
netmask 255.255.255.0

Make sure to use your hostname and domain. 

127.0.0.1   localhost
127.0.0.1   hostname.domain.tld hostname

You need a valid resolv.conf with at least one valid nameserver, e.g.: 

nameserver 10.0.0.1

Enter the new environment

Before we chroot into the new environment we need to mount /proc and /dev 

mount -t proc none /mnt/ubuntu/proc
mount -o bind /dev /mnt/ubuntu/dev
LANG= chroot /mnt/ubuntu /bin/bash

Change the root password

It is just bad if you forget this, so just .... 

# passwd

Create a user and switch shadow password on

# dpkg-reconfigure --default-priority passwd

Installing Packages

# apt-get update

Installing OpenSSH Server

# apt-get install openssh-server

Install a Kernel

Choose the right kernel for your architecture. I go with: 

# apt-get install linux-image-686

Installing GRUB

The boot loader is most important, so do: 

apt-get install grub
mkdir /boot/grub
cp /usr/lib/grub/i386-pc/* /boot/grub
vim /boot/grub/grub.conf

# /boot/grub/grub.conf
default 0
timeout 3
title=Ubuntu
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz root=/dev/hda1
initrd /initrd.img

ln -s /boot/grub/grub.conf /boot/grub/menu.lst

# grub

grub> root (hd0,0)
grub> setup (hd0)
grub> quit

Reboot

# exit
# cd /

# umount /mnt/ubuntu/proc
# umount /mnt/ubuntu/dev
# umount /mnt/ubuntu
# reboot

Finishing

After the reboot ssh in again.

Generate locales

# locale-gen en_US.UTF-8
# echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' >> /etc/environment
# echo 'LANGUAGE="en_US:en"' >> /etc/environment

Istall some more packages

apt-get install ubuntu-standard

References

取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=UbuntuHelp:Installation/OverSSH&oldid=37324”