“UbuntuHelp:Installation/Netboot”的版本间的差异

2007年5月13日 (日) 12:25的版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/Netboot

点击翻译:

English

Netboot Install

This HOWTO describes the steps required to start an installation of Ubuntu over the network (if you have e.g. an old machine with a non-bootable CDROM). If you have a bootable CDROM and you are looking for a minimal CD image to download packages at install time, look at the UbuntuHelp:Installation/MinimalCD

You must modify the host names and IP addresses in this HOWTO for your own setup. The principles described here are applicable to other DHCP and TFTP servers than those described below; using alternate server software is left as an exercise for the reader.

For instructions on how to use a windows computer as the TFTP and DHCP server, head to UbuntuHelp:Installation/WindowsServerNetboot.

See UbuntuHelp:Installation/QuickNetboot for alternative step by step instructions.

~- (This HOWTO will get you as far as running the installer - if you want to perform automated or unattended installs of Ubuntu, see UbuntuHelp:Installation/LocalNet). -~

The scenario

One old Celeron 400Mhz with non-bootable CDROM, (kanga, 172.31.0.242). This is the target for installation. It has a bootable floppy disk.

A DHCP server (roo, 172.31.0.252), using dnsmasq as the DHCP server. roo has a pretty much home made Linux on it. I added tftp-hpa to it (installation of tftp on Ubuntu or Debian is explained in further detail below).

Assumption: You're firewalled and will not expose services used for this exercise to the world. You have a reasonable (ADSL) network connection.

Setup DHCP-BOOT

On roo (the DHCP server):

• In /etc/dnsmasq.conf, add the line:

  dhcp-boot=pxelinux.0,roo,172.31.0.252

This machine already serves an IP address to kanga via DHCP.

• Restart dnsmasq.

Install the tftp-server

There are two different versions for the Trivial File Transfer Protocol server, the original tftpd and tftpd-hpa. For Etherboot installation (see below) tftpd will suffice, but it cannot do PXE installs due to the lack of the tsize option. Use tftpd-hpa instead. On Ubuntu or Debian (adapt for other distros or install from source):

  apt-get install tftpd-hpa tftp-hpa xinetd

(Note: xinetd is not part of the default install)

If you have an installation CD

• Insert the installation CD in the drive

• Copy the netboot files into a suitable directory, e.g. /var/lib/tftpboot

Dapper:

  sudo cp -av /media/cdrom0/install/netboot/* /var/lib/tftpboot/

If you do not have an installation CD

• Download the Ubuntu netboot tar file from: Ubuntu Warty netboot archive, Ubuntu Hoary netboot archive, Ubuntu Breezy netboot archive, Ubuntu Dapper netboot archive, Ubuntu Edgy netboot archive , or Ubuntu Feisty netboot archive.

• Unpack into a suitable directory, e.g. /var/lib/tftpboot

Warty:

  tar -xvzf pxeboot.tar.gz -C /var/lib/tftpboot/
  chown -R nobody:nogroup /var/lib/tftpboot

Hoary, Breezy, Dapper, Edgy, Feisty:

  tar -xvzf netboot.tar.gz -C /var/lib/tftpboot/
  chown -R nobody:nogroup /var/lib/tftpboot

• Enable the tftpd server. Add the following as /etc/xinet.d/tftp.

  service tftp
  {
        disable                 = no
        socket_type             = dgram
        wait                    = yes
        user                    = root
        server                  = /usr/sbin/in.tftpd
        server_args             = -v -s /var/lib/tftpboot
        only_from   = 172.31.0.240/28
        interface   = 172.31.0.252
  }

• Restart xinetd

 
 killall -HUP xinetd

If your target PC for installation can network boot

• Reboot the target PC

• Interrupt the boot and enter the Bios settings screen

• Choose the 'Network Boot' option

• Resume booting

• Marvel as the Ubuntu installer starts over the net

Warning - don't forget to reset the bios to 'Boot from the hard disk' next time you reboot the PC ;-)

If your target PC for installation cannot network boot

On any machine:

• Build an Etherboot boot floppy. kanga (the installation target) has an 3Com 3c905 NIC

• Download and unpack Etherboot (etherboot-5.3.9.tar.bz2 from SourceForge in my case).

• Documentation from the Etherboot documentation page.

• Make the boot floppy (insert disk into drive :).

  make bin/3c90x.zfd0

 (Subsititute your NIC type for 3c90x)

Start the install

• Boot the install target (kanga) from the etherboot boot floppy

• Marvel as the Ubuntu installer starts over the net.

Q&A

• • Q: I've noticed you didn't add the interface MAC address. Each and every tutorial I've see stressed the importance of the MAC address to allow the net booting machine authorized on the boot server, is this redundent and can be ignored altogether? --SivanGreen

• • A: "It Depends"(tm) Either way will work - each has pros and cons. You don't need it, but that increases the risk of some other machine's system getting installed over.

• • Q: Hmm, has someone gotten this to work? Using etherboot-5.3.12 with defaults (cd src ; make bin/via-rhine.zfd0 - the defaults include -DPXE_IMAGE and -DPXE_EXPORT ), the boot process seems to stop after loading the file from TFTP:

 Loading 192.168.0.2:pxelinux.0 ..(PXE)done
 Also, it may be worth mentioning that the images from http://rom-o-matic.net/ (the referred-to Etherboot manual has a link to this site) don't support PXE images at all. --PeterParkkali

• • A: I have had good luck with both. I have used rom-o-matic.net for 4 or 5 nics, they do support pxe.

• • Q: The kernel in the Breezy netboot images doesn't contain driver XXXX which I need to install with. How can I rebuild the netboot kernel image & initrd.gz to include XXXX? --KeithHopkins

Note

On 2005-12-14 I tried to net-install a Breezy system, which bailed out during the second phase of the install with a libesd-alsa0: Conflicts: libesd0 but 0.2.36-1ubuntu5 is to be installed message. This is due to the archives being broken. If you run into this error, do the following. Edit the pxelinux.cfg/default file on your install server and add a category:

label desktop
        kernel ubuntu-installer/i386/linux
        append base-config/package-selection=~t<sup>ubuntu-standard$|~t</sup>ubuntu-desktop$ vga=normal initrd=ubuntu-installer/i386/initrd.gz ramdisk_size=16432 root=/dev/rd/0 rw  --

Then start the netboot and type "desktop" at the prompt. (You can, of course, also change the label linux settings, just add base-config/package-selection=~t<sup>ubuntu-standard$|~t</sup>ubuntu-desktop$ text to the append line, as shown above. Adding a category, as I did, is less invasive, it won't break extra things). Now the install should proceed just like a regular installation.

Note

For machines behind DHCP-enabled routers using the etherboot floppy method, the automatic detection of DHCP and TFTP servers may default to the router's IP. In the following workaround, the target and server computers use the IPs for "kanga" and "roo" from the above example, respectively. After extracting the tarball for Etherboot, one can add the following lines to the file "Config" in the extracted "src/" directory:

CFLAGS+=    -DUSE_STATIC_BOOT_INFO
CFLAGS+=    -DSTATIC_CLIENT_IP=\"172.31.0.242\"
CFLAGS+=    -DSTATIC_SUBNET_MASK=\"255.255.255.0\"
CFLAGS+=    -DSTATIC_SERVER_IP=\"172.31.0.252\"
CFLAGS+=    -DSTATIC_GATEWAY_IP=\"172.31.0.252\"
CFLAGS+=    -DSTATIC_BOOTFILE=\"tftp://172.31.0.252/pxelinux.0\"

Running the appropriate make command for the target machine's interface will then create a bootable floppy which only connects to the chosen server. The DHCP server and dnsmasq are not necessary to use static IPs. 2006-08-08 RSF

I needed to disable the J-Micron SATA controller on Asus N4L-VM motherboard to make the network boot ROM run.

See also: UbuntuHelp:Installation/LocalNet and http://wiki.heinous.org/index.php/Ubuntu_Notes

Note

As of 12/9/2006, the heinous.org link is dead. Also, etherboot does not support PCMCIA/PCcard. AFAIK, laptops with only PCMCIA NICs (wired or wireless) can not be ether booted.

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