“UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromLinux”的版本间的差异

2008年4月23日 (三) 11:26的版本

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https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromLinux

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Live CD

The Live CD is also known as the "Desktop Installer". It is the default Ubuntu installation CD. The ISO you downloaded has the name "desktop" in its name, these are the instructions to use. If your ISO has "alternate" in its name, you are using an alternate installation CD and should see the next section. UNetbootin is an installer that can do the following automatically. It is available for download at http://lubi.sourceforge.net/unetbootin.html. If you already have a working linux system, installing without external media is easy. You need to create a new partition, copy the CD contents over to it, boot from the new partition, and proceed as if you were installing from a CD. Note that you can't use what will be the root partition for the CD contents, as the installer is stubborn on formatting it (it will fail). The benefits of installing without external media are that it can save you time if you are already familiar with the process, and you get a very usable system upon booting into the installer because it is running from a hard drive rather than a CD. Step 1. Anchor(step1) Use gparted to create a new primary partition and format it to ext3. You need slightly more than 700MB of free space on it. 750MB should be sufficient. Let's say the name of the partition is /dev/sda1. If your new ubuntu install is going to coexist with your old system, you might find it convenient to create space for your new system as well at this point using gparted. Step 2. Copy CD contents over to the new partition using the command

 mkdir /tmp/install_cd
 mount ubuntu-7.04-desktop-i386.iso -o loop /tmp/install_cd
 mkdir /mnt/installer
 mount /dev/sda1 /mnt/installer
 cp -r /tmp/install_cd/* /mnt/installer
 cp -r /tmp/install_cd/.disk /mnt/installer
 umount /tmp/install_cd

Replace the name of the iso to whatever you downloaded and /dev/sda1 with whatever your new partition is. Step 3. Edit your grub configuration file (typically /etc/grub.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst) to boot from the new partition by adding the lines

title           installer
root            (hd0,0)
kernel          /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=1048576 rw
initrd          /casper/initrd.gz

The first line after the title tells grub which partition contains the installer. hd0 stands for "first hard disk," and the 0 following it standards for first partition. You will need to change this if your installer partition is different from /dev/sda1. sdaN becomes (hd0, N-1), sdbN becomes (hd1,N-1) and so on. As you can see, grub starts counting from 0, which can be confusing. Step 4. Reboot, and choose "installer" from the grub boot menu, and continue as if you were installing from CD.

Alternate CD

As of December 29th 2007, the instructions above do not apply to the alternate CD provided for Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon). Significant changes are required. I (LouisDominiqueDubeau) tried to use the procedure above and boot using the vmlinuz and initrd.gz files provided on the alternate ISO but that would result in the installer always asking for a CD. Perhaps if the machine has no CD drive the installer does not ask for the CD but if the machine has a CD drive which for whatever reason is not usable for installing Ubuntu, then the installer keeps asking for the CD. On the internet there are places where people suggest using the INSTALL_MEDIA_DEV boot parameter but that did not help. The way I fixed this problem was to use the following procedure: Step 1. See step1 step 1 above. Step 2. Copy your alternate ISO to the root of the partition you created in step 1. You need to copy the ISO itself rather than the contents of the ISO. Step 3. Grab the initrd.gz and vmlinuz files found in the following subdirectory of a Ubuntu mirror:

dists/gutsy/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/

For example in the UK the files may be found at http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/gutsy/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/ Step 4. Edit your grub configuration file (typically /etc/grub.conf or /boot/grub/menu.lst) to boot from the new partition by adding the lines

title installer
root (hd0,0)
kernel          /install/vmlinuz root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=1048576 rw
initrd          /install/initrd.gz

The first line after the title tells grub which partition contains the installer. hd0 stands for "first hard disk," and the 0 following it standards for first partition. You will need to change this if your installer partition is different from /dev/sda1. sdaN becomes (hd0, N-1), sdbN becomes (hd1,N-1) and so on. As you can see, grub starts counting from 0, which can be confusing. The paths for the kernel and the initrd were set to start with /install/ in my setup but you could put those files in the root of the install partition and have them be /vmlinuz and /initrd.gz if you so wish. Step 5. Reboot, and choose "installer" from the grub boot menu, and continue as normal.

Caveats

The above instructions for the alternate CD do not include the use of a preseed file. I (LouisDominiqueDubeau) was rushed and gave up trying to figure out where the preseed file would end up after the ISO is mounted by the installer but if somebody figures it out, please edit the page.

Alternate CD Alternate Method

I have a CD-ROM less machine with a network connection, and I struggled with these instructions for many days. Finally, I stumbled upon a straightforward solutions which appears to be working for me. 1. Obtain Alternate CD. (This method may work for other CDs, I have not tried) 2. Mount at a temporary location, as described previously. 3. Copy vmlinuz and initrd.gz from mounted installation media to normal location on current linux root (the one to be replaced) 4. Unmount CDROM image. 5. Copy image as is to selected partition (i.e. cat "image" > /dev/hdXX 6. Configure grub or LILO as above 7. Reboot. 8. When choosing CDROM drive, choose manually, do not install a driver, for the device enter the partition to which you copied the image. 9. Continue installation as normal.

So far so good! I'll let you know if it breaks later :P

@@ 第1行： / 第1行： @@
 {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Installation/FromLinux}}
 {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:Installation/FromLinux}}
-== Automatic process ==
+== Live CD ==
+The Live CD is also known as the "Desktop Installer".  It is the default Ubuntu installation CD.  The ISO you downloaded has the name "desktop" in its name, these are the instructions to use.  If your ISO has "alternate" in its name, you are using an alternate installation CD and should see the next section.
 UNetbootin is an installer that can do the following automatically. It is available for download at http://lubi.sourceforge.net/unetbootin.html.
 If you already have a working linux system, installing without external media is easy. You need to create a new partition, copy the CD contents over to it, boot from the new partition, and proceed as if you were installing from a CD. Note that you can't use what will be the root partition for the CD contents, as the installer is stubborn on formatting it (it will fail).
 The benefits of installing without external media are that it can save you time if you are already familiar with the process, and you get a very usable system upon booting into the installer because it is running from a hard drive rather than a CD.
-'''Step 1.''' Use gparted to create a new primary partition and format it to <code><nowiki>ext3</nowiki></code>. You need slightly more than 700MB of free space on it. 750MB should be sufficient. Let's say the name of the partition is <code><nowiki>/dev/sda1</nowiki></code>. If your new ubuntu install is going to coexist with your old system, you might find it convenient to create space for your new system as well at this point using gparted.
+'''Step 1.''' [[Anchor(step1)]] Use gparted to create a new primary partition and format it to <code><nowiki>ext3</nowiki></code>. You need slightly more than 700MB of free space on it. 750MB should be sufficient. Let's say the name of the partition is <code><nowiki>/dev/sda1</nowiki></code>. If your new ubuntu install is going to coexist with your old system, you might find it convenient to create space for your new system as well at this point using gparted.
 '''Step 2.''' Copy CD contents over to the new partition using the command
 <pre><nowiki>
@@ 第19行： / 第20行： @@
 '''Step 3.''' Edit your grub configuration file (typically <code><nowiki>/etc/grub.conf</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>/boot/grub/menu.lst</nowiki></code>) to boot from the new partition by adding the lines
 <pre><nowiki>
-title installer
+title           installer
-        root (hd0,0)
+root           (hd0,0)
-        kernel /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=1048576 rw
+kernel         /casper/vmlinuz boot=casper root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=1048576 rw
-        initrd /casper/initrd.gz
+initrd         /casper/initrd.gz
 </nowiki></pre>
 The first line after the title tells grub which partition contains the installer. <code><nowiki>hd0</nowiki></code> stands for "first hard disk," and the 0 following it standards for first partition. You will need to change this if your installer partition is different from <code><nowiki>/dev/sda1</nowiki></code>. <code><nowiki>sdaN</nowiki></code> becomes <code><nowiki>(hd0, N-1)</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>sdbN</nowiki></code> becomes <code><nowiki>(hd1,N-1)</nowiki></code> and so on. As you can see, grub starts counting from 0, which can be confusing.
 '''Step 4.''' Reboot, and choose "installer" from the grub boot menu, and continue as if you were installing from CD.
+== Alternate CD ==
+As of December 29th 2007, the instructions above do not apply to the alternate CD provided for Ubuntu 7.10 (Gutsy Gibbon).  Significant changes are required.  I ([[UbuntuWiki:LouisDominiqueDubeau|LouisDominiqueDubeau]]) tried to use the procedure above and  boot using the vmlinuz and initrd.gz files provided on the alternate ISO but that would result in the installer always asking for a CD.  Perhaps if the machine has no CD drive the installer does not ask for the CD but if the machine has a CD drive which for whatever reason is not usable for installing Ubuntu, then the installer keeps asking for the CD.  On the internet there are places where people suggest using the INSTALL_MEDIA_DEV boot parameter but that did not help.  The way I fixed this problem was to use the following procedure:
+'''Step 1.''' See [[step1 step 1]] above.
+'''Step 2.''' Copy your alternate ISO to the root of the partition you created in step 1.  You need to copy '''the ISO''' itself rather than the contents of the ISO.
+'''Step 3.'''  Grab the initrd.gz and vmlinuz files found in the following subdirectory of a Ubuntu mirror:
+<pre><nowiki>
+dists/gutsy/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/
+</nowiki></pre>
+For example in the UK the files may be found at
+http://gb.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/dists/gutsy/main/installer-i386/current/images/hd-media/
+'''Step 4.''' Edit your grub configuration file (typically <code><nowiki>/etc/grub.conf</nowiki></code> or <code><nowiki>/boot/grub/menu.lst</nowiki></code>) to boot from the new partition by adding the lines
+<pre><nowiki>
+title installer
+root (hd0,0)
+kernel          /install/vmlinuz root=/dev/ram ramdisk_size=1048576 rw
+initrd          /install/initrd.gz
+</nowiki></pre>
+The first line after the title tells grub which partition contains the installer. <code><nowiki>hd0</nowiki></code> stands for "first hard disk," and the 0 following it standards for first partition. You will need to change this if your installer partition is different from <code><nowiki>/dev/sda1</nowiki></code>. <code><nowiki>sdaN</nowiki></code> becomes <code><nowiki>(hd0, N-1)</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>sdbN</nowiki></code> becomes <code><nowiki>(hd1,N-1)</nowiki></code> and so on. As you can see, grub starts counting from 0, which can be confusing.  The paths for the kernel and the initrd were set to start with <code><nowiki>/install/</nowiki></code> in my setup but you could put those files in the root of the install partition and have them be <code><nowiki>/vmlinuz</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>/initrd.gz</nowiki></code> if you so wish.
+'''Step 5.''' Reboot, and choose "installer" from the grub boot menu, and continue as normal.
+=== Caveats ===
+The above instructions for the alternate CD do not include the use of a preseed file.  I ([[UbuntuWiki:LouisDominiqueDubeau|LouisDominiqueDubeau]]) was rushed and gave up trying to figure out where the preseed file would end up after the ISO is mounted by the installer but if somebody figures it out, please edit the page.
+== Alternate CD Alternate Method ==
+I have a CD-ROM less machine with a network connection, and I struggled with these instructions for many days. Finally, I stumbled upon a straightforward solutions which appears to be working for me.
+. Obtain Alternate CD. (This method may work for other CDs, I have not tried)
+. Mount at a temporary location, as described previously.
+. Copy vmlinuz and initrd.gz from mounted installation media to normal location on current linux root (the one to be replaced)
+. Unmount CDROM image.
+. Copy image as is to selected partition (i.e. cat "image" > /dev/hdXX
+. Configure grub or LILO as above
+. Reboot.
+. When choosing CDROM drive, choose manually, do not install a driver, for the device enter the partition to which you copied the image.
+. Continue installation as normal.
+So far so good! I'll let you know if it breaks later :P
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