“UbuntuHelp:InitScriptList”的版本间的差异
来自Ubuntu中文
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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InitScriptList}} | {{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/InitScriptList}} | ||
{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:InitScriptList}} | {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:InitScriptList}} | ||
| + | <<Include(Tag/NeedsExpansion)>> | ||
=== List of default Ubuntu init scripts === | === List of default Ubuntu init scripts === | ||
| − | It would be nice to have a complete list of default Ubuntu init scripts. Like that users can lookup which ones they can easily deactivate to speedup the boot process and save memory. This page could eventually merged with UbuntuBootupHowto. | + | It would be nice to have a complete list of default Ubuntu init scripts. Like that users can lookup which ones they can easily deactivate to speedup the boot process and save memory. This page could eventually merged with [[UbuntuHelp:UbuntuBootupHowto|UbuntuBootupHowto]]. |
| − | There's also a page InitScriptHumanDescriptions now, which is more complete and aims to provide short, human-readable descriptors for init scripts. | + | There's also a page [[UbuntuWiki:InitScriptHumanDescriptions|InitScriptHumanDescriptions]] now, which is more complete and aims to provide short, human-readable descriptors for init scripts. |
/!\ As you see, it is not ready yet, feel free to change and fill in everything you know. | /!\ As you see, it is not ready yet, feel free to change and fill in everything you know. | ||
{|border="1" cellspacing="0" | {|border="1" cellspacing="0" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| atd || Daemon to run jobs queued by at || | | atd || Daemon to run jobs queued by at || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | apport || Bug/crash reporting || In unstable releases, not suggested used for stable release | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | avahi-daemon || Network auto-discovery, same as Apple's Bonjour || Useful for music sharing and networks with OS X clients | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bootclean.sh || || | | bootclean.sh || || | ||
| 第27行： | 第32行： | ||
|- | |- | ||
| bootmisc.sh || || | | bootmisc.sh || || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | bluetooth || Bluetooth service || If you use bluetooth | ||
|- | |- | ||
| checkfs.sh || Check all file systems || | | checkfs.sh || Check all file systems || | ||
| 第51行： | 第58行： | ||
|- | |- | ||
| gdm || Gnome display manager daemon for X|| | | gdm || Gnome display manager daemon for X|| | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | hal || Device manager, ex. CD-ROM and USB || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| halt || || Don't mess with this! | | halt || || Don't mess with this! | ||
| 第77行： | 第86行： | ||
|- | |- | ||
| klogd || Kernel logging daemon || | | klogd || Kernel logging daemon || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | kvm || Virtualization, alternative to VMWare || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| libdevmapper1.00 || || | | libdevmapper1.00 || || | ||
| 第93行： | 第104行： | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mountvirtfs || || | | mountvirtfs || || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | mv || Moves file || If you need to relocate a file to another directory | ||
|- | |- | ||
| mysql ||Starts the MySQL Server ||If you have MySQL Server installed (Database Server) | | mysql ||Starts the MySQL Server ||If you have MySQL Server installed (Database Server) | ||
| 第98行： | 第111行： | ||
| networking || Manage network interfaces and configure options || | | networking || Manage network interfaces and configure options || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| − | | ntpdate || updates the system time using the Network Time Protocol || only if you have a network connection which is always online | + | | ntpdate/ntpd || updates the system time using the Network Time Protocol || only if you have a network connection which is always online |
| + | |- | ||
| + | | ondemand || CPU frequency policy - adjust CPU speed after demand|| Generally useful, recommended by Intel | ||
|- | |- | ||
| pcmcia || || only for laptops with PCMCIA slot | | pcmcia || || only for laptops with PCMCIA slot | ||
| 第111行： | 第126行： | ||
|- | |- | ||
| procps.sh || || Don't mess with this! | | procps.sh || || Don't mess with this! | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | pulseaudio || New soundsystem, replaces alsa? || On by default | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rc || || | | rc || || | ||
| 第123行： | 第140行： | ||
|- | |- | ||
| rsync || Starts and stops the Rsync Daemon || If you are running an Rsync server/mirror | | rsync || Starts and stops the Rsync Daemon || If you are running an Rsync server/mirror | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | samba || File sharing on Windows and Apple networks || If you want file sharing | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | saned || Scanner support || If you use a USB scanner | ||
|- | |- | ||
| screen-cleanup || || | | screen-cleanup || || | ||
| 第131行： | 第152行： | ||
|- | |- | ||
| skeleton || || | | skeleton || || | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | smartmontools || Tools for monitoring SMART harddrives || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ssh ||Starts the OpenSSH Server || Only if OpenSSH is installed | | ssh ||Starts the OpenSSH Server || Only if OpenSSH is installed | ||
| 第149行： | 第172行： | ||
|- | |- | ||
| urandom || || Don't mess with this! | | urandom || || Don't mess with this! | ||
| + | |- | ||
| + | | usplash || Displays splash screen at desktop startup || | ||
|- | |- | ||
| vbesave || || | | vbesave || || | ||
| 第174行： | 第199行： | ||
* these numbers determine the order in which the various scripts get executed. S35mountall.sh is executed before S40hotplug. | * these numbers determine the order in which the various scripts get executed. S35mountall.sh is executed before S40hotplug. | ||
==== How do I deactivate a script at bootup? ==== | ==== How do I deactivate a script at bootup? ==== | ||
| − | * see UbuntuBootupHowto or similarly SysvconfigHowTo or Boot-Up Manager at this thread http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=190562 | + | * see [[UbuntuHelp:UbuntuBootupHowto|UbuntuBootupHowto]] or similarly [[UbuntuHelp:SysvconfigHowTo|SysvconfigHowTo]] or Boot-Up Manager at this thread http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=190562 |
| − | + | ---- | |
[[category:UbuntuHelp]] | [[category:UbuntuHelp]] | ||
2010年5月19日 (三) 22:48的最新版本
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<<Include(Tag/NeedsExpansion)>>
List of default Ubuntu init scripts
It would be nice to have a complete list of default Ubuntu init scripts. Like that users can lookup which ones they can easily deactivate to speedup the boot process and save memory. This page could eventually merged with UbuntuBootupHowto. There's also a page InitScriptHumanDescriptions now, which is more complete and aims to provide short, human-readable descriptors for init scripts. /!\ As you see, it is not ready yet, feel free to change and fill in everything you know.
| Name | What it does | When do I need it? |
| acpid | Starts the ACPI daemon process | If you have an ACPI-enabled system |
| acpi-support | ||
| alsa | Starts the ALSA sound daemon | Using ALSA sound (recommended) |
| anacron | Runs cron jobs that occured while the machine was offline | |
| apache2 | Starts the apache web server | Only if you want to run a web server locally (not a web browser!) |
| apmd | Starts the Advanced Power Management system | Using a laptop and need power management |
| atd | Daemon to run jobs queued by at | |
| apport | Bug/crash reporting | In unstable releases, not suggested used for stable release |
| avahi-daemon | Network auto-discovery, same as Apple's Bonjour | Useful for music sharing and networks with OS X clients |
| bootclean.sh | ||
| bootlogd | Enables the logging of the boot, one of first scripts to run | To view the log of your boot |
| bootmisc.sh | ||
| bluetooth | Bluetooth service | If you use bluetooth |
| checkfs.sh | Check all file systems | |
| checkroot.sh | Check the root file system | |
| console-screen.sh | Boot script for console-tools | |
| cron | Daemon to execute scheduled commands | |
| cupsys | Unix Printing Services | |
| dbus-1 | ||
| dhcp | ||
| dns-clean | Pppconfig dns cleanup | |
| evms | ?? | |
| festival | ||
| fetchmail | ||
| gdm | Gnome display manager daemon for X | |
| hal | Device manager, ex. CD-ROM and USB | |
| halt | Don't mess with this! | |
| hdparm | Hard Disk Tuning | |
| hostname.sh | Set hostname | |
| hotplug | ||
| hwclockfirst.sh | Sets the system clock from the hardware clock | |
| hwclock.sh | ||
| ifupdown | Network interface configuration | |
| ifupdown-clean | ||
| inetd | Network "super-server" daemon | |
| initrd-tools.sh | ||
| irda-utils | ||
| keymap.sh | ||
| klogd | Kernel logging daemon | |
| kvm | Virtualization, alternative to VMWare | |
| libdevmapper1.00 | ||
| lirc | Starts the Linux Infrared Control system | Have a need for infra-red device control |
| lvm | Logical Volume Manager | |
| makedev | Don't mess with this! | |
| module-init-tools | ||
| mountall.sh | Mount all file systems | |
| mountnfs.sh | Mount NFS file systems | |
| mountvirtfs | ||
| mv | Moves file | If you need to relocate a file to another directory |
| mysql | Starts the MySQL Server | If you have MySQL Server installed (Database Server) |
| networking | Manage network interfaces and configure options | |
| ntpdate/ntpd | updates the system time using the Network Time Protocol | only if you have a network connection which is always online |
| ondemand | CPU frequency policy - adjust CPU speed after demand | Generally useful, recommended by Intel |
| pcmcia | only for laptops with PCMCIA slot | |
| postfix | Starts the PostFix mail transport agent | |
| powernowd | Adjusts the cpu frequency to conserve power | For saving battery life in laptops |
| ppp | Start or stop PPP daemon | |
| pppd-dns | Clean up /etc/resolv.conf after pppd | |
| procps.sh | Don't mess with this! | |
| pulseaudio | New soundsystem, replaces alsa? | On by default |
| rc | ||
| rcS | ||
| readahead | ||
| reboot | Don't mess with this! | |
| rmnologin | Don't mess with this! | |
| rsync | Starts and stops the Rsync Daemon | If you are running an Rsync server/mirror |
| samba | File sharing on Windows and Apple networks | If you want file sharing |
| saned | Scanner support | If you use a USB scanner |
| screen-cleanup | ||
| sendsigs | Don't mess with this! | |
| single | Don't mess with this! | |
| skeleton | ||
| smartmontools | Tools for monitoring SMART harddrives | |
| ssh | Starts the OpenSSH Server | Only if OpenSSH is installed |
| stop-bootlogd | ||
| sudo | Clear privileges | |
| sysklogd | System log daemon | |
| udev | ||
| udev-mtab | ||
| umountfs | Unmount file systems | |
| umountnfs.sh | Unmount network file systems | |
| urandom | Don't mess with this! | |
| usplash | Displays splash screen at desktop startup | |
| vbesave | ||
| xorg-common |
List of non-default init scripts
| Name | What it does | When do I need it? |
| webmin | A web-based admin interface | To control a remote server |
FAQ
What are the different runlevels for?
- Runlevel 0 stands for shutdown
- Runlevel 2 is the default runlevel for the Ubuntu boot process
- Runlevel 6 stands for reboot
Why does Ubuntu uses runlevel 2 as default? Will I ever need 3-5?
- Does anyone have an answer to this? Most other distros use runlevel 5 for GUI and runlevel 3 for console. Runlevel 2 is usually almost complete but networking disabled. I visit clients with my laptop, and it would be very useful to boot up quickly without networking in these cases. With Ubuntu's current use of runlevels there's not much room for this.
What is in /etc/rcS.d?
- The links you find in there are executed before executing runlevel 1-5.
What does K and S stand for?
- K stands stops a process, S starts it.
What do the numbers between K / S and the initscript name mean?
- these numbers determine the order in which the various scripts get executed. S35mountall.sh is executed before S40hotplug.
How do I deactivate a script at bootup?
- see UbuntuBootupHowto or similarly SysvconfigHowTo or Boot-Up Manager at this thread http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=190562
