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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/grep}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:grep}} == What Is grep? (Grep是什么东西?) == '''Grep''' is a command line tool that allows you to find a string in a file or stream. It can be used with Regular expression to be more flexible at finding strings. '''Grep'''是一个用来从文件或数据流中查找字符串的命令行工具,通过结合正则表达式'''Grep'''亦能获得更加灵活的匹配效果。 === How To Use grep (如何使用Grep) === In the simplest case, grep can simply be invoked like this : 举一个最简单的Grep使用例子: <pre>% grep 'STRING' filename</pre> This is OK but it does not show the true power of grep. First this only looks at one file. A cool example of using grep with multiple file would be to find all files in a directory that contains the name of a person. This can be easily accomplished using a grep in the following way : 我们可以使用Grep来简单地从一个文件中查找一个特定的字符串,但这仅仅最简单的功能而已。 <pre>% grep 'Nicolas Kassis' *</pre> Notice the use of single quotes; This are not essential but in this example it was required since the name contains a space. Double quotes could also have been used in this example. Now lets use some regular expressions... === Grep Regular Expression === grep can search for complicated pattern to find what you need. Here is a list of some of the special characters used to create a regular expression: {| cellspacing="0" border="1" |- | | | '''Grep Regular Expression''' |- | ^ | <td><td>Denotes the beginning of a line (表示行开头</td><td></td>) |- | $ | <td><td>Denotes the end of a line (表示行结尾</td><td></td>) |- | . | <td><td>Matches any one characters (匹配任意字符</td><td></td>) |- | * | <td><td>Matches 0 or more of the previous characters (匹配0个或多个前面出现的字符</td><td></td>) |- | .* | <td><td>Matches any number or type of characters (匹配0或任意多个字符</td><td></td>) |- | [] | <td><td>Matches on character for the one listed in the the Square brackets (匹配中括号中其中一个字符</td><td></td>) |- | [^] | <td><td>Does not match any characters listed (匹配除中括号中所列字符外的所有字符</td><td></td>) |- | \/ | <td><td>Denotes the beginning and end (respectively) of a word (匹配一个单词的开头与结尾</td><td></td>) |} So an example of a regular expression search would be 一下是一个使用了正则表达式的Grep例子 <pre>% grep "\<[A-Za-z].*" file</pre> This will search for any word which begins with a letter upper or lower case. For more details check: * [[UbuntuHelp:BasicCommands|BasicCommands]] * http://www.gnu.org/software/grep/doc/ * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grep * '''man grep''' and '''info grep''' on your computer ---- [[Category:CategoryDocumentation]] [[Category:UbuntuHelp]]
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