个人工具

UbuntuHelp:Glossary

来自Ubuntu中文

Wikibot（讨论 | 贡献）2008年10月19日 (日) 05:37的版本

跳转至： 导航, 搜索
Geographylogo.png 文章出处: 

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Glossary

Geographylogo.png 点击翻译: 

English

请不要直接编辑翻译本页，本页将定期与来源同步。

Introduction

Ubuntu and other Linux distributions often use a number of terms that are unfamiliar to Windows or Mac users. This glossary is a concise guide to this terminology for new Ubuntu users. If you quote external content, please add a suitable reference.

SHORTCUTS
[[[@|@]]]    [[[A|A]]]    [[[B|B]]]    [[[C|C]]]    [[[D|D]]]    [[[E|E]]]    [[[F|F]]]    [[[G|G]]]    [[[H|H]]]    [[[I|I]]]    [[[J|J]]]    [[[K|K]]]    [[[L|L]]]    [[[M|M]]]    [[[N|N]]]    [[[O|O]]]    [[[P|P]]]    [[[Q|Q]]]    [[[R|R]]]    [[[S|S]]]    [[[T|T]]]    [[[U|U]]]    [[[V|V]]]    [[[W|W]]]    [[[X|X]]]    [[[Y|Y]]]    [[[Z|Z]]]

@

  • 3D <<Anchor(3D)>> - Having three dimensions; height, width and depth.
  • See also: [3D disambiguation page], with many 3D related articles.

A

  • activate <<Anchor(activate)>> - To turn on or start.
  • add-on <<Anchor(add-on)>> - Software that can be added into an installed application.
  • See also: [[[plugin|plugin]]]
  • anti-alias <<Anchor(anti-alias)>> - The software process of smoothing jagged edges on diagonal and curved lines by filling in the surrounding area with varying shades of grey or color to blur the edge for a smoother appearance.
  • See also: [Anti-aliasing page]
  • applet <<Anchor(applet)>> - A program that is run by an application.
  • See also: [Applet page]
  • application <<Anchor(application)>> - Application software is a subclass of computer software that employs the capabilities of a computer directly and thoroughly to a task that the user wishes to perform. This should be contrasted with system software which is involved in integrating a computer's various capabilities, but typically does not directly apply them in the performance of tasks that benefit the user. In this context the term application refers to both the application software and its implementation. Wikipedia contributors, ["Application software,"] Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, (accessed July 25, 2008).
  • See also: Applications
  • APT <<Anchor(APT)>> - Acronym for Advanced Packaging Tool. APT is the front-end for the Debian package management system and is designed to perform a variety of functions, including the automatic download, dependency resolution, and installation of Debian packages (.deb files).
  • See also: APTPage
  • Archive <<Anchor(Archive)>> - A group of files which have been consolidated into a single, often compressed, file. Common archive formats include .zip, .tar.gz, and .tar.bz2.
  • See also: File Roller
  • Automatix <<Anchor(Automatix)>> - Was a popular and controversial program written by an Ubuntu user which allowed other users to install frequently used packages in Ubuntu. The original developer has stopped work on Automatix.
  • See also: Automatix, EasyUbuntu

B

  • background <<Anchor(background)>> - A wallpaper image or color for the desktop.
  • bash <<Anchor(bash)>> - Short for bourne again shell. bash is the default shell in Ubuntu (and most other Linux distributions).
  • See also: Beginners/BashScripting
  • bootloader <<Anchor(bootloader)>> - Software that boots and loads an operating system. Also allows a user to choose between multiple operating systems - if you have.
  • See also: GrubHowto
  • Breezy Badger <<Anchor(BreezyBadger)>> - Ubuntu's 5.10 release (October, 2005).
  • See also: [Ubuntu Releases]

C

  • Camel'Case' <<Anchor(CamelCase)>> - Also known as Wiki'Name when used in a wiki website like this one. Camel'Case is a way of making words where "...the first letter of each word is capitalised and the component words are concatenated without any additional characters between them..." This definition was taken from the Wiktionary definition of [case], July 26, 2008.
  • See also: WikiWord, WikiName
  • Canonical <<Anchor(Canonical)>> - The company founded by Mark Shuttleworth to manage Ubuntu and other free software projects.
  • See also: [home page]
  • CD <<Anchor(CD)>> - Compact Disc, a type of optical media that can store information.
  • See also: [Disc|Wikipedia CD page]
  • CD-ROM <<Anchor(CD-ROM)>> - A Compact Disc that is Read-Only, that is it can not be written to only read from.
  • See also: [[[CD|CD]]], [CD-ROM page]
  • CLI <<Anchor(CLI)>> - Acronym for Command Line Interface. A text-based user interface. The opposite of a graphical user interface (GUI).
  • See also: CommandlineHowto, AdvancedCommandlineHowto
  • clipboard <<Anchor(clipboard)>> - A short-term storage area in a computer's memory for holding data to be copied elsewhere.
  • See also: [Clipboard (software) page]
  • code <<Anchor(code)>> - A combination of letters, numbers or symbols used to communicate.
  • See also: [Code page]
  • codec <<Anchor(codec)>> - A piece of software design to encode and decode (plays) digital data, especially audio and video streams.
  • See also: RestrictedFormats/NonNativeCodecs
  • color scheme <<Anchor(color scheme)>> - Configuration file that indicates what colors to use for certain widgets.
  • command line argument <<Anchor(command line argument)>> - A file name or other data that is provided on the command line to be used as input by a command.
  • See also: [Command-line argument page]
  • command line switch (or flag, option, or parameter) <<Anchor(command line switch)>> - Specially formatted data provided on the command line to enable or disable certain features of a command.
  • See also: [Command-line argument page]
  • composite (also compositing window manager) <<Anchor(composite)>> - A window manager that provides not only the traditional capabilities of window management, but also includes graphical compositing effects (via OpenGL), such as transparencies and window effects. Metacity, GNOME's window manager, provides some compositing capabilities. Compiz and its fork, Beryl, are two popular compositing window managers for Ubuntu.
  • See also: CompositeManager
  • context menu <<Anchor(context menu)>> - A list of commands associated with an application or part of an application. The list is brought up by right-clicking inside a window or on an object in a window.
  • See also: [Context menu page]
  • CUPS <<Anchor(CUPS)>> - Acronym for Common Unix Printing System. CUPS acts as Ubuntu's print server, which processes print jobs from clients (users).
  • See also: [UNIX Printing System home page]
  • curses <<Anchor(curses)>> - Curses is a terminal control library for Unices. The most famous is Ncurses.
  • See also: [curses (programming library) page]
  • cut <<Anchor(cut)>> - Cut is a Unix command line utility which is used to extract sections from each line of input—usually from a file.
  • See also: [Computer Dictionary cut page]

D

  • Dapper Drake <<Anchor(Dapper Drake)>> - Ubuntu's 6.06 release (June, 2006).
  • See also: [Releases]
  • daemon <<Anchor(daemon)>> - A process that runs in the background. Daemons can perform a variety of tasks, including network monitoring and creating system logs.
  • See also: [Daemon (computer software) page]
  • data <<Anchor(data)>> - Information.
  • See also: [Data page]
  • database <<Anchor(database)>> - A structured form of data storage.
  • See also: [Database page]
  • DEB (or deb) <<Anchor(DEB)>> - The file format used by the Debian package manager that serves as Ubuntu's primary package management system. DEB files (ending in .deb) are similar to Windows .exe installers.
  • See also: [deb (file format) page]
  • Debian <<Anchor(Debian)>> - The popular community-based Linux distribution from which Ubuntu was created. In software engineering terminology, Ubuntu is a fork of Debian.
  • See also: [home page]
  • dependency <<Anchor(dependency)>> - Many software packages or programs require other packages to work properly and these requirements are known as dependencies. For example, if PackageB requires PackageA to run, then PackageA is a dependency of PackageB. Some package management systems, including the Debian system used in Ubuntu, are designed to automatically sort through dependencies with little or no input from the user.
  • desktop environment <<Anchor(desktop environment)>> - A collection of programs that provides the user interface and manages the computing environment, including file handling, window management, application launching, and task management. Three of Linux's most popular desktop environments are GNOME, KDE, and Xfce. Ubuntu's default is the GNOME desktop, while Kubuntu offers the same great operating system with a KDE desktop.
  • See also: [Desktop environment page]
Desktop Environments And Their Principal Components
Desktop Window System Window Manager Widget Toolkit
GNOME X Window System Metacity GTK+
KDE X Window System KWin Qt
Xfce X Window System Xfwm GTK+
  • discontinued <<Anchor(discontinued)>> - No longer supported.
  • distro <<Anchor(distro)>> - A shortened version of the word "distribution." Being an open source operating system, Linux can modified and redistributed at will (with some restrictions.) A distro is therefore a distribution of the Linux operating system. Ubuntu is a Linux distro, as are Debian, OpenSUSE, Fedora, PCLinuxOS, Mandriva, and many others.
  • See also: [Linux distribution page]
  • dpkg <<Anchor(dpkg)>> - Short for Debian package. dpkg is the core of the Debian package management system, and also a command-line tool used to install and remove Debian packages. The Advanced Packaging Tool (APT) acts as a front-end to dpkg, and most packaging tasks are performed by APT.
  • See also: [[[APT|APT]]], [[[Debian|Debian]]], [[[package|package]]], [[[package management system|package management system]]],[dpkg page]

E

  • Edubuntu <<Anchor(Edubuntu)>> - An Ubuntu derivative that is designed specifically for use in an educational environment.
  • See also: EdubuntuDocumentation/EdubuntuCookbook, [home page]
  • Edgy Eft <<Anchor(Edgy Eft)>> - Ubuntu's 6.10 release (October, 2006).
  • See also: [Releases], [Ubuntu Releases]
  • ext3 (or "third extended filesystem") <<Anchor(ext3)>> - A popular file system used in many Linux distributions, including Ubuntu. The file system is the operating system's method of categorizing and storing data on physical and network drives. ext3's counterpart in Windows is NTFS (or NT File System).
  • See also: [ext3 page]

F

  • FAT32 <<Anchor(FAT32)>> - Acronym for File Allocation Table 32-bit. FAT32 is a file system created by Microsoft and used in earlier versions of Windows. Both Linux and Windows can read and write to FAT32 partitions, but the file system presents some limitations. FAT32 is generally slower than both ext3 (Linux's preferred file system) and NTFS (Microsoft's successor to FAT32) and it can only support a maximum file size of roughly 4GB. FAT32 also does not provide journaling, which is designed to aid in the recovery of data lost during a hard reboot, meaning that FAT32 can be more prone to corrupt files or lost data. In dual boot configurations, in which both Linux and Windows are installed on separate partitions, some users create FAT32 partitions to easily share files between the two operating systems.
  • See also: [File Allocation Table page]
  • Feisty Fawn <<Anchor(Feisty Fawn)>> - Ubuntu's 7.04 release (April, 2007).
  • See also: [Releases]
  • FLOSS <<Anchor(FLOSS)>> - Acronym for Free/Libre/Open-Source Software.
  • See also: [Free and open source software page]
  • fork <<Anchor(fork)>> - In software engineering, and especially open source software, a fork occurs when a new piece of software is developed from the source code of another. Forking often occurs when developers disagree on the direction of the project, although this is not always the case. Ubuntu is a fork of Debian and, as such, Ubuntu is reliant upon much of the hard work of the Debian team.
  • See also: [Fork (software development) page]
  • fsck <<Anchor(fsck)>> - Acronym for file system check or file system consistency check. fsck is a system utility for checking the consistency of a file system, not dissimilar to the chkdsk utility in Windows. fsck will automatically run on every 30th boot of an Ubuntu system.
  • See also: SystemAdministration/Fsck

G

  • GConf <<Anchor(GConf)>> - A system for storing user application preferences.
  • GDM <<Anchor(GDM)>> - Acronym for GNOME Display Manager. GDM is the standard display manager for GNOME and Ubuntu. GDM provides the user with the initial login screen and manages the starting and stopping of X server sessions.
  • See also: [[[X Window System|X Window System]]]
  • gedit <<Anchor(Gedit)>> - GNOME's standard GUI text editor.
  • See also: gedit, [gedit page]
  • GIMP <<Anchor(GIMP)>> - (also GNU Image Manipulation Program) A powerful image editing application.
  • See also: TheGIMP
  • GNOME <<Anchor(GNOME)>> - Ubuntu's default desktop environment.
  • See also: [[[desktop environment|desktop environment]]], [home page]
  • GNU <<Anchor(GNU)>> - Recursive acronym for "GNU's Not Unix." GNU (prononunced GAH-noo with a hard "G") is an ambitious project started by Richard Stallman to create a completely free operating system based upon the design of Unix. Although GNU and Linux are not officially merged, much of the software used in Linux is derived from the GNU project, and to reflect this, Linux is often referred to as GNU/Linux.
  • See also: [GNU page]
  • GPL <<Anchor(GPL)>> - Acronym for GNU General Public License. The GPL is the free software license created by Richard Stallman of the Free Software Foundation. Ubuntu and other Linux distributions are licensed under the GPL.
  • See also [GNU General Public License page]
  • GRUB <<Anchor(GRUB)>> - Acronym for GRand Unified Bootloader. Ubuntu's default bootloader.
  • See also: [[[bootloader|bootloader]]], [[[LILO|LILO]]]
  • GTK+ (or GIMP Toolkit) <<Anchor(GTK+)>> - A widget toolkit used to develop the GNOME desktop environment and other GUI-based programs. GTK+ and Qt are the two most popular widget toolkits available for the X window system.
  • See also: [[[desktop environment|desktop environment]]], [[[widget|widget]]], [[[GUI|GUI]]], [[[Qt|Qt]]], [[[X Window System|X Window System]]]
  • Guest <<Anchor(Guest)>> - The operating system which is being run inside a virtual machine.
  • See also: VMware/Workstation
  • GUI <<Anchor(GUI)>> - Acronym for Graphical User Interface. A GUI (pronounced gooey) is the combination of icons, windows, and scrollbars that comprise a desktop. In Linux, the GUI is developed with a number of software layers, including the X Window System, a window manager, and a desktop environment.
  • Gutsy Gibbon <<Anchor(Gutsy Gibbon)>> - Ubuntu's 7.10 release (October, 2007).
  • See also: [Releases]

H

  • Hardy Heron <<Anchor(Hardy Heron)>> - Ubuntu's 8.04 Release (April, 2008).
  • See also: [Releases]
  • Hoary Hedgehog <<Anchor(Hoary Hedgehog)>> - Ubuntu's 5.04 Release (April, 2005).
  • See also: [Ubuntu Releases]
  • Host <<Anchor(Host)>> - The operating system (and computer) on which a virtual machine is being run.
  • See also: VMware/Workstation
  • How'To (or HOWTO or How-to)' <<Anchor(HowTo)>> - An instructional guide on how to perform a task or tasks.
  • See also: [How-to page]

I

  • icon <<Anchor(icon)>> - An image representing an application, file, device, etc.
  • IDE <<Anchor(IDE)>> - Acronym for Integrated Development Environment. An IDE is a software application that provides comprehensive facilities to computer programmers for software development. An IDE will normally consist of a source code editor as well as facilities to access other development tools such as compiler and/or interpreter, build automation tools, a debugger etc.
  • See also: [Integrated development environment page]
  • Intrepid Ibex <<Anchor(Intrepid Ibex)>> - Ubuntu's ninth major release (version 8.10) due in October 2008.
  • IRC <<Anchor(IRC)>> - Acronym for Internet Relay Chat. A form of realtime Internet chat. It is mainly designed for group (many-to-many) communication in discussion forums called channels, but also allows one-to-one communication via private message. There are many IRC channels available for Ubuntu users.

J

  • Jaunty Jackalope <<Anchor(Jaunty Jackalope)>> - Ubuntu's 9.04 release due in April 2009.
  • See also [Shuttleworth's announcement]
  • JED <<Anchor(JED)>> - A freely available text editor for wide variety of Operating Systems including GNU Linux. JED is a simple to use but powerful CLI/Menu based editor designed for use by programmers.
  • See also: [JED (text editor) page]

K

  • KDE (or K Desktop Environment) <<Anchor(KDE)>> - One of the popular desktop environments for Linux. Kubuntu uses KDE by default.
  • See also: [[[desktop environment|desktop environment]]], [home page]
  • KDM <<Anchor(KDM)>> - Acronym for KDE Display Manager. KDM is the standard display manager (configuration device) for KDE and Kubuntu. KDM provides the user with the initial login screen and manages the starting and stopping of X server sessions.
  • See also: [[[X Window System|X Window System]]]
  • kernel <<Anchor(kernel)>> - The central component of an operating system that controls all of a computer's low-level processes, such as memory management, threading, and input/output. In a sense, the kernel acts as a computer's gatekeeper to the hardware. Applications make system calls through the kernel to request resources and to interact with the hardware.
  • See also: Kernel, Kernel/Compile, Kernel/Upgrade, KernelPanic, LinuxKernelSource
  • Kubuntu <<Anchor(Kubuntu)>> - The Ubuntu derivative that uses the K desktop environment.
  • See also: [[[KDE|KDE]]]

L

  • Launchpad <<Anchor(Launchpad)>> - A web site developed by Canonical for use in software development, bug tracking, and software support.
  • See also: Launchpad|Focus Group page, [home page]
  • LILO <<Anchor(LILO)>> - LInux LOader. A bootloader for Linux.
  • See also: [[[bootloader|bootloader]]], [[[GRUB|GRUB]]]

M

  • man (or man page) <<Anchor(man)>> - Short for manual. Linux provides a massive collection of manuals containing information about operating software, especially the command line utilities. To view the man page for a specific command, open a terminal window and type `man <command>`. For example, typing `man ls` will bring up the manual page for the `ls` command. To exit the manual, press `q`.
  • See also: man
  • Medibuntu <<Anchor(Medibuntu)>> - A third party software repository. "Medibuntu is a packaging project dedicated to distributing software that cannot be included in Ubuntu for various reasons, related to geographical variations in legislation regarding intellectual property, security and other issues" (from the [web site]).
  • See also: Medibuntu
  • Metacity <<Anchor(Metacity)>> - The GNOME desktop environment's window manager.
  • See also: Metacity
  • metapackage <<Anchor(metapackage)>> - A package that doesn't contain actual software, but depends on other packages to be installed. This allows entire sets of software to be installed by selecting only the appropriate metapackage.
  • See also: MetaPackages

N

  • Nautilus <<Anchor(Nautilus)>> - GNOME and Ubuntu's default file manager. Nautilus is essentially the equivalent of the Windows Explorer or MacOSX Finder.
  • See also: NautilusScriptsHowto, Nautilus_Scripts
  • nohup <<Anchor(nohup)>> - nohup is an application that is used to 'fork' off a command from your CLI.
  • See also: [nohup page]
  • Nano <<Anchor(Nano)>> - Nano is a curses-based text editor for *nix systems. It is a clone of Pico from the Pine email client.
  • See also: [[[curses|curses]]]
  • *nix <<Anchor(nix)>> - This is slang for Unix-like.

O

  • Open'Box' <<Anchor(OpenBox)>> - A fast and lightweight Window Manager.
  • See also: Openbox
  • open source<<Anchor(open source)>> - Software released under a license approved by the Open Source Initiative.
  • See also: [Source Initiative], [Open source software page]

P

  • package (or software package) <<Anchor(package)>> - A bundle of software that can be installed manually or automatically using a package management system. In Windows, packages are often installed using self-extracting installers. In Ubuntu, packages are installed using the Debian package management system.
  • See also: [[[Debian|Debian]]], [[[dpkg|dpkg]]], [[[package management system|package management system]]]
  • package management system <<Anchor(package management system)>> - A piece or group of software that handles the installation, upgrade, and removal of software packages.
  • See also: [[[package|package]]]
  • plugin <<Anchor(plugin)>> - Additional software that adds a particular feature to an existing application.
  • See also: [[[add-on|add-on]]]

Q

  • Qt <<Anchor(Qt)>> - A widget toolkit maintained by the Trolltech company and used for creating GUI programs. KDE is built on Qt, whereas GNOME is built on GTK+.
  • See also: [[[GTK+|GTK+]]]

R

  • repository <<Anchor(repository)>> - A source for software packages. Repositories can be official (maintained by Ubuntu/Canonical) or unofficial (third party, such as Medibuntu).
  • root directory <<Anchor(root directory)>> - In Linux, the root directory is the uppermost directory in the filesystem hierarchy. The easiest way to visualize this is with the classic example of a tree. The base or root of a tree is the source from which all of the other branches grow. The root directory is notated with a single slash `/`.
  • root user <<Anchor(root)>> - The root user is a user with all permissions in all modes. The root user is similar to Windows's Administrator account. Unlike Windows, however, logging in as root is discouraged. Instead, users are encouraged to use the "sudo" interface.
  • See also: RootSudo, [[[superuser|superuser]]]
  • RPM <<Anchor(RPM)>> - Acronym for Red Hat Package Manager. RPM is both a package file format and a tool used to install and remove packages.

S

  • SABDFL <<Anchor(SABDFL)>> - Self Appointed Benevolent Dictator For Life. In general, "BDFL" is an amusing term and acronym used to reference the originator and leader of some open source projects. In Ubuntu's case, [Shuttleworth] is often referred to as sabdfl, and he uses the term as his IRC nickname.
  • Samba <<Anchor(Samba)>> - An open-source implementation of the Windows SMB (Server Message Block) networking protocol. Although Samba provides a wide array of capabilities, its most commonly used feature provides Linux systems with the ability to share files and devices seamlessly with networked Windows systems.
  • search engine<<Anchor(search engine)>> - A website or tool used for finding relevant pages on the internet. Some well known examples are Google and Yahoo.
  • security <<Anchor(security)>> - Keeping your files, hardware and software safe.
  • See also: Security, [[[security patch|security patch]]], [[[update|update]]]
  • security patch <<Anchor(security patch)>> - Small applications that patch your system to improve its security.
  • See also: [[[application|application]]], [[[security|security]]], [[[update|update]]]
  • shell <<Anchor(shell)>> - Software that provides a user interface. The term "shell" can refer either to a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI). In Ubuntu, a user can use GNOME as a graphical shell, or bash (bourne again shell) via the CLI or terminal.
  • See also: [[[bash|bash]]], [[[CLI|CLI]]], [[[GNOME|GNOME]]], [[[GUI|GUI]]]
  • software package <<Anchor(software package)>> -
  • See also: [[[package|package]]]
  • splash <<Anchor(splash)>> - In general, the term "splash" refers to either a "bootsplash" or a "splash screen." A bootsplash is an image that is displayed while a computer boots, and a "splash screen" is the image displayed while a particular program loads. In Ubuntu, the GNOME Display Manager (GDM) manages the bootsplash, while in Kubuntu, it is managed by the KDE Display Manager (KDM).
  • SSH <<Anchor(SSH)>> - Acronym for Secure SHell. SSH is a network protocol that is typically used to securely log in to remote machines.
  • style <<Anchor(style)>> - A plugin or small program that instructs the window manager as to how widgets should be displayed.
  • sudo <<Anchor(sudo)>> - Short for superuser do. Provides a safe interface for non-root users to access files, directories, and system settings without native root permission.
  • See also RootSudo
  • sudoer <<Anchor(sudoer)>> - A user who is given sudo rights.
  • See also: [[[sudo|sudo]]]
  • super key <<Anchor(super key)>> - An additional key on most modern keyboards found between the ALT and CTRL keys that is often branded with a Microsoft Windows logo. Also known as the "Windows Key."
  • Synaptic <<Anchor(Synaptic)>> - Ubuntu's graphical package management interface. In Ubuntu, Synaptic is used to search for, install, remove, and upgrade software packages. You can find Synaptic in System -> Administration -> Synaptic Package Manager.
  • See also: SynapticHowto

T

  • tag <<Anchor(tag)>> - A simple word or graphic showing that something in a member of a topic.
  • See also: Tag
  • tar (or tarball) <<Anchor(tar)>> - Short for tape archive. Although the usage of tape archives is decimated, tarballs are a common file archive format in Linux. Since tarballs are not compressed, they are often used in tandem with a compression tool such as gzip or bzip2. The common file extension for a tarball is `.tar`, as in `archive.tar`. When combined with gzip, tarballs often take the filename format `archive.tar.gz` and when combined with bzip2, filenames often assume the filename `archive.tar.bz2`. Tar archives are mostly used for distributing source code of an application, but can also be used for distributing binary (compiled) applications, such as Skype and Firefox.
  • terminal <<Anchor(terminal)>> - A powerful text-based user interface.
  • See also: GnomeTerminal, Terminal
  • theme <<Anchor(theme)>> - A file that contains instructions on the settings to use for different GUI components.

U

  • Ubiquity <<Anchor(Ubiquity)>> - Ubuntu's graphical installer launched from an Ubuntu LiveCD.
  • See also [Ubuntu page with mentions of Ubiquity]
  • Ubuntu 8.04 <<Anchor(Ubuntu804)>> was released in April 2008.
  • See also: [press release]
  • update <<Anchor(update)>> - Updating your system is the most important part of security. In Ubuntu, updates are managed by APT.
  • See also: [[[APT|APT]]], [[[security|security]]]
  • upstream <<Anchor(upstream)>> - The development team responsible for any software project. Most of the software available in Ubuntu is produced by a multitude of independent software development teams.

V

  • VI <<Anchor(VI)>> - The name VI is derived from the shortest unambiguous abbreviation for the command 'visual'. VI is a CLI text editor.
  • See also: [Vi page]
  • VIM <<Anchor(VIM)>> - Acronym for 'VI Improved'.
  • See also: VimHowto, [[[VI|VI]]]
  • virtual machine <<Anchor(virtual_machine)>> - A virtual machine is a piece of software which allows operating systems to be run 'inside' other operating systems.
  • See also: VirtualMachines
  • Virtualization (or virtualisation) <<Anchor(virtualization)>> - Virtualization can be used in a number of contexts, but is most commonly used to describe the use of one operating system 'inside' another. For example, in Linux, a virtual machine can be used to launch Microsoft Windows XP in a window.
  • See also: Virtualisation

W

  • Warty Warthog <<Anchor(Warty Warthog)>> - Ubuntu's 4.10 Release (October, 2004).
  • See also: [Ubuntu Releases]
  • widget (also GUI widget and control) <<Anchor(widget)>> - A widget is an interactive element used in creating a graphical user interface (GUI). Any part of a GUI the user interacts with can be referred to as a widget - such as a window, scrollbar, button, menu, or tab.
  • See also: [[[GUI|GUI]]]
  • widget toolkit <<Anchor(widget toolkit)>> - Programmers use widget toolkits to simplify and standardize the creation of GUI programs. Two such widget toolkits on Linux are GTK+, used by GNOME and Xfce, and Qt, used by KDE.
  • See also: [[[GTK+|GTK+]]], [[[GUI|GUI]]], [[[Qt|Qt]]]
  • wiki <<Anchor(wiki)>> - A wiki is a collaborative website that allows visitors to use their browser to add, edit, organize, and remove content.
  • Wiki'Word' <<Anchor(WikiWord)>> A Wiki'Word is a word in Camel'Case.
  • See also: [[[CamelCase|CamelCase]]]
  • window decoration <<Anchor(window decoration)>> - A plugin or small program that instructs the window manager as to how to display window frames.
  • window manager <<Anchor(window manager)>> - A software layer that works with the X Window System to provide window management. Metacity is GNOME's default window manager, and KWin serves this function for KDE.
  • See also: [Window manager page]

X

  • X Window System (also X and X server) <<Anchor(X Window System)>> - The X Window System provides the foundation upon which all of Ubuntu's desktop environments are built. X handles such GUI tasks as drawing and mouse and keyboard event handling. In the simplest of terms, X serves as the foundation of a GUI, while a window manager and widget toolkit provides the framing, and a desktop environment provides the facade.
  • See also: [[[desktop environment|desktop environment]]], [[[GUI|GUI]]], [[[window manager|window manager]]], [[[widget|widget]]]
  • Xfce <<Anchor(Xfce)>> - A desktop environment often touted for its efficiency. Xfce is often preferred on older machines due to its minimal demands on computer hardware. Xfce forms the basis of Xubuntu.
  • See also: [[[desktop environment|desktop environment]]], [[[Xubuntu|Xubuntu]]]
  • xorg.conf <<Anchor(xorg.conf)>> - This file, found in /etc/X11/, contains graphical configuration details for X, including resolution, refresh rates, and graphics drivers. This file will not be used since X's release in version 7.3 (your hardware settings should be automatically detected).
  • See also: XORGHardy
  • Xubuntu <<Anchor(Xubuntu)>> - The Ubuntu derivative that uses the Xfce desktop.
  • See also: [home page]

Y

Z

See Also

  • Abbreviations - Ubuntu Community Documentation page listing the abbreviations used by Ubuntu developers.
取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=UbuntuHelp:Glossary&oldid=91420”