个人工具

UbuntuHelp:FileCompression

来自Ubuntu中文

Wikibot讨论 | 贡献2008年10月19日 (日) 05:14的版本

跳转至: 导航, 搜索

Parent: AccessoriesApplications

File compression

Files can be compressed in a variety of formats. Some of these can be opened by Ubuntu automatically. Others can be handled if you install extra packages.

Basic Archives

  • Many archives can easily be opened using Archive Manager.
  • Right click an archive and select "Extract Here" to extract the files into the current working directory.
  • For more fine grained control choose 'Open with "Archive Manager" ' from the popup menu. <
    >

{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FileCompression?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=extracthere.png%7D%7D

  • Double clicking on an archive will open it with Archive Manager. This achieves the same thing as right clicking the archive and selecting 'Open with "Archive Manager" '.<
    >

{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FileCompression?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=archivemanager2.png%7D%7D For more complete information on supported formats and usage please see Archive Manager.

Non-archive formats

{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=info.png%7D%7D Archive Manager can open some formats that are not technically considered as archives.

Debian installer packages (.deb)

  1. Open a terminal.
  2. Navigate to the directory containing the .deb file.
  3. Enter this command. Replace <filename.deb> with the name of the actual file you are installing.
sudo dpkg -i <filename.deb>
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=warning.png%7D%7D Installing programs from untrustworthy sources can seriously damage your system. Manually installing programs may also cause dependency problems.

CD Images (.iso)

  • ISO images are images to be burned on to a CD. See BurningIsoHowto for further information on burning an .iso file.
  • ISO images can also be mounted. See MountIso for more information.

Java Archives (.jar)

  • JAR files are java programs. See Java.

Firefox extensions (.xpi)

  • XPI files are extensions for Mozilla Firefox.
  1. Launch Firefox and select File -> Open File.
  2. Select the .xpi file and press the "Open" button. Firefox will then install the extension.
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=warning.png%7D%7D Installing certain extensions may damage your Firefox profile.

Archive formats

7zip (.7z)

Archive Manager supports the 7zip compression format.

  • Install the package p7zip from the Universe repository. After installation of the package, Archive manager will handle 7z archives seamlessly.

Ace (.ace)

  • This uncommon format is extracted using the 'unace' utility. Install unace from the Universe repository.
  • ACE archives are not supported by Archive Manager. You must open then from the command line.
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=terminal.png%7D%7D
unace x <filename>.ace
  • If you encounter error messages, the file you are trying to decompress is too new for version of unace in repositories. Go to [developer's site] and download "Unace for Linux". Extract the unace binary from the archive and replace your current version of unace.
sudo mv /location/of/new/unace /usr/local/bin/unace

Rar (.rar)

  • Rar is a non-free archive format created by Rarsoft. Version 3.0 is not supported by any free tools.
  • The free program unrar-free, supports rar up to Version 2.
  • Package unrar-free is available in the Universe repository.
  • To add support for rar version 3, install the unrar package from the Multiverse repository.
Multi-volume .rar archives
  • To extract the contents of a multi-volume .rar archive, extract the first file in the archive. Usually the extension will be .rar, .r00, or .r01.

GNU Tar (.tar)

  • The .tar archive is an old archive format made for tapes. TAR archives consist of files that are sequentially added to a single file.
  • TAR archives can be extracted using Archive Manager.
  • TAR archives can also be extracted from the command line. See man tar for more information on command line usage.

GNU Tar GZ (.tar.gz .tgz)

  • A Tar GZ archive is a gzip compressed .tar archive.
  • Tar GZ archives can be extracted with Archive Manager.
  • Tar GZ archives can also be extracted from the command line. See man tar for more information on command line usage.

GNU Tar bzip2 (.tar.bz2)

  • Tar BZ2 archives are bzip2 compressed .tar archives.
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint2.png%7D%7D Bzip2 compressed archives are smaller than gzip archives. The trade off is that bzip compression requires more processing power than gzip compression.
  • Tar BZ2 archives can be extracted with Archive Manager.
  • Tar BZ2 archives can also be extracted from the command line. See man tar for more information on command line usage.

Zip (.zip)

  • This is an older archive and compression format that originates with PKZip. It was developed by Phil Katz in 1989.
  • ZIP files can be extracted with Archive Manager.

Command Line Usage

{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint2.png%7D%7D Using a full path is useful when scripting.
{{https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=example.png%7D%7D
  tar -czpf /home/me/somefile.tar.gz /path/to/files/to/be/archived

Extracting a tar.bz2 file

  • Extract <filename>tar.bz2

tar jxvf <filename>.tar.bz2

  • This will show you what it extracts, and in most cases will create a directory named <filename>.
  • To extract a tar.gz, simply put z in place of j in the command line. For more information please refer to man tar.

Creating a tar.bz2 file

tar jcvf <filename>.tar.bz2 dir1 dir2 file1 file2 ...

  • <filename>.tar.bz2 is the name of the tar file we wish to create. dir# and file# are the names of the directories or files we wish to include in the tar.bz2 archive.
  • To use gzip compression instead of bz2, simply put z in place of j in the command line.

For more information please refer to man tar.

Rar

  • Rar v3.0 archives require the use of unrar.
unrar-free
  • Extract <filename>.rar

unrar-free <filename>.rar

  • If extracting fails with a message like the following, try the non-free version.
Extracting  file1.ext Failed
Extracting  file2.ext Failed
2 Failed
unrar-nonfree
  • Extract <filename>.rar

unrar x <filename>.rar

zip and unzip

  • To create a zip file containing dir1, dir2, ... :
zip <filename>.zip dir1 dir1 ...
  • To extract <filename>.zip:
unzip <filename>.zip