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查看“UbuntuHelp:FileCompression”的源代码
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UbuntuHelp:FileCompression
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{{From|https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FileCompression}} {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:FileCompression}} Parent: [[UbuntuHelp:AccessoriesApplications|AccessoriesApplications]] == File compression == Files can be compressed in a variety of formats. Some of these can be opened by Ubuntu automatically. Others can be handled if you install extra packages. === Basic Archives === * Many archives can easily be opened using Archive Manager. * Right click an archive and select "Extract Here" to extract the files into the '''''current working directory'''''. * For more fine grained control choose 'Open with "Archive Manager" ' from the popup menu. <<BR>> https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FileCompression?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=extracthere.png * Double clicking on an archive will open it with Archive Manager. This achieves the same thing as right clicking the archive and selecting 'Open with "Archive Manager" '.<<BR>> https://help.ubuntu.com/community/FileCompression?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=archivemanager2.png For more complete information on supported formats and usage please see [[UbuntuHelp:ArchiveManager|Archive Manager]]. === Non-archive formats === {|border="1" cellspacing="0" |https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=info.png Archive Manager can open some formats that are not technically considered as archives. |} ==== Debian installer packages (.deb) ==== * DEB files are actually programs that need to be installed. * If you are using Ubuntu 6.06 Dapper Drake or higher, you can double click ''.deb'' files to install them. You can also right click and select 'Open with [[UbuntuHelp:GDebi|GDebi]] Package Installer" '. * https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=terminal.png [[UbuntuHelp:UsingTheTerminal|Command line installation]] <ol><li>Open a terminal. </li><li>Navigate to the directory containing the ''.deb'' file. </li><li>Enter this command. Replace <filename.deb> with the name of the actual file you are installing.</li></ol> <pre><nowiki> sudo dpkg -i <filename.deb></nowiki></pre> {|border="1" cellspacing="0" | https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=warning.png Installing programs from untrustworthy sources can seriously damage your system. Manually installing programs may also cause dependency problems. |} ==== CD Images (.iso) ==== * ISO images are images to be burned on to a CD. See [[UbuntuHelp:BurningIsoHowto|BurningIsoHowto]] for further information on burning an ''.iso'' file. * ISO images can also be mounted. See [[UbuntuHelp:MountIso|MountIso]] for more information. ==== Java Archives (.jar) ==== * JAR files are java programs. See [[UbuntuHelp:Java|Java]]. ==== Firefox extensions (.xpi) ==== * XPI files are extensions for Mozilla Firefox. <ol><li>Launch Firefox and select '''File -> Open File'''. </li><li>Select the ''.xpi'' file and press the "Open" button. Firefox will then install the extension.</li></ol> {|border="1" cellspacing="0" | https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=warning.png Installing certain extensions may damage your Firefox profile. |} === Archive formats === ==== 7zip (.7z) ==== Archive Manager supports the 7zip compression format. * Install the package <code><nowiki>p7zip</nowiki></code> from the [[UbuntuHelp:AddingRepositoriesHowto|Universe repository]]. After installation of the package, Archive manager will handle 7z archives seamlessly. ==== Ace (.ace) ==== * This uncommon format is extracted using the 'unace' utility. Install <code><nowiki>unace</nowiki></code> from the [[UbuntuHelp:AddingRepositoriesHowto|Universe repository]]. * ACE archives are not supported by Archive Manager. You must open then from the command line. https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=terminal.png <pre><nowiki> unace x <filename>.ace </nowiki></pre> * If you encounter error messages, the file you are trying to decompress is too new for version of unace in repositories. Go to [http://www.winace.com the developer's site] and download "Unace for Linux". Extract the unace binary from the archive and replace your current version of unace. <pre><nowiki> sudo mv /location/of/new/unace /usr/local/bin/unace </nowiki></pre> ==== Rar (.rar) ==== * Rar is a non-free archive format created by Rarsoft. Version 3.0 is not supported by any free tools. * The free program <code><nowiki>unrar-free</nowiki></code>, supports rar up to Version 2. * Package <code><nowiki>unrar-free</nowiki></code> is available in the [[UbuntuHelp:AddingRepositoriesHowto|Universe repository]]. * To add support for rar version 3, install the <code><nowiki>unrar</nowiki></code> package from the [[UbuntuHelp:AddingRepositoriesHowto|Multiverse repository]]. ===== Multi-volume .rar archives ===== * To extract the contents of a multi-volume ''.rar'' archive, extract the first file in the archive. Usually the extension will be ''.rar'', ''.r00'', or ''.r01''. ==== GNU Tar (.tar) ==== * The ''.tar'' archive is an old archive format made for tapes. TAR archives consist of files that are sequentially added to a single file. * TAR archives can be extracted using Archive Manager. * TAR archives can also be extracted from the command line. See <code><nowiki>man tar</nowiki></code> for more information on command line usage. ==== GNU Tar GZ (.tar.gz .tgz) ==== * A Tar GZ archive is a gzip compressed ''.tar'' archive. * Tar GZ archives can be extracted with Archive Manager. * Tar GZ archives can also be extracted from the command line. See <code><nowiki>man tar</nowiki></code> for more information on command line usage. ==== GNU Tar bzip2 (.tar.bz2) ==== * Tar BZ2 archives are bzip2 compressed ''.tar'' archives. {|border="1" cellspacing="0" |https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint2.png Bzip2 compressed archives are smaller than gzip archives. The trade off is that bzip compression requires more processing power than gzip compression. |} * Tar BZ2 archives can be extracted with Archive Manager. * Tar BZ2 archives can also be extracted from the command line. See <code><nowiki>man tar</nowiki></code> for more information on command line usage. ==== Zip (.zip) ==== * This is an older archive and compression format that originates with PKZip. It was developed by Phil Katz in 1989. * ZIP files can be extracted with Archive Manager. === Command Line Usage === * https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=terminal.png Many of the above utilities can be used quickly and efficiently from the command line. This section will briefly cover common command line usage for these utilities. Replace <filename> with the name of your file. * In most cases you can replace the filename with the complete path to the file. {|border="1" cellspacing="0" |https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=IconHint2.png Using a full path is useful when scripting. |} https://help.ubuntu.com/community/IconsPage?action=AttachFile&do=get&target=example.png <pre><nowiki> tar -czpf /home/me/somefile.tar.gz /path/to/files/to/be/archived</nowiki></pre> ==== Extracting a tar.bz2 file ==== * Extract <filename>tar.bz2 <pre><nowiki> tar jxvf <filename>.tar.bz2 </nowiki></pre> * This will show you what it extracts, and in most cases will create a directory named <filename>. * To extract a <code><nowiki>tar.gz</nowiki></code>, simply put <code><nowiki>z</nowiki></code> in place of <code><nowiki>j</nowiki></code> in the command line. For more information please refer to <code><nowiki>man tar</nowiki></code>. ==== Creating a tar.bz2 file ==== * <pre><nowiki> tar jcvf <filename>.tar.bz2 dir1 dir2 file1 file2 ... </nowiki></pre> * <filename>.tar.bz2 is the name of the tar file we wish to create. <code><nowiki>dir#</nowiki></code> and <code><nowiki>file#</nowiki></code> are the names of the directories or files we wish to include in the ''tar.bz2'' archive. * To use gzip compression instead of bz2, simply put <code><nowiki>z</nowiki></code> in place of <code><nowiki>j</nowiki></code> in the command line. For more information please refer to <code><nowiki>man tar</nowiki></code>. ==== Rar ==== * Rar v3.0 archives require the use of <code><nowiki>unrar</nowiki></code>. ===== unrar-free ===== * Extract ''<filename>.rar'' <pre><nowiki> unrar-free <filename>.rar </nowiki></pre> * If extracting fails with a message like the following, try the non-free version. <pre><nowiki> Extracting file1.ext Failed Extracting file2.ext Failed 2 Failed </nowiki></pre> ===== unrar-nonfree ===== * Extract ''<filename>.rar'' <pre><nowiki> unrar x <filename>.rar </nowiki></pre> ==== zip and unzip ==== * To create a zip file containing <code><nowiki>dir1</nowiki></code>, <code><nowiki>dir2</nowiki></code>, ... : <pre><nowiki> zip <filename>.zip dir1 dir1 ... </nowiki></pre> * To extract <filename>.zip: <pre><nowiki> unzip <filename>.zip </nowiki></pre> ---- [[category:CategoryDocumentation]] [[category:CategoryCommandLine]] [[category:CategoryBackupRecovery]] [[category:UbuntuHelp]]
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