“UbuntuHelp:Drupal”的版本间的差异

2008年10月19日 (日) 22:35的版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Drupal

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Drupal

Drupal is a robust Content Management System that runs on LAMP. Without any of its aditional modules, it can host blogs, forums, and a variety of other content. It has an astounding number of modules which bring added functionality to your site, including advertising, chatbox, e-commerce, various multimedia tools, instant messenger, light customer relationship management, printer friendly pages, webcam, etc... Follow these instructions to install Drupal 6.4 on Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake), Ubuntu 6.10 (Edgy Eft), Ubuntu 7.04 (Feisty Fawn) and Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron). This page also explains the steps used to install the 5.1 branch of Drupal on Ubuntu. To install Drupal-5.1 with php5 and Postgresql-8.1, follow instructions at bottom of page.

Installing

An older Drupal version 5.7 is present in the repositories, but it is no longer supported upstream. A more recent version has more modules and themes. Also, none of the Drupal modules are packaged and present in the repositores. Therefore, it is advisable to install the latest version from drupal.org.

Install the LAMP stack

Use any method to install the LAMP stack packages.

 
apache2 php5-mysql php5-gd libapache2-mod-php5 mysql-server

Set a mysql-root password (not the same as a root password, but a password for mysql)

mysql -u root

mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('yourpassword');

A successful mysql command will show: Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec) Quit the mysql prompt:

mysql> \q

You should now have a functional LAMP stack and a password for the mysql root user. Visit Apache PHP MySQL for more information on LAMP.

Get the most recent version of Drupal

There are two stable banches of Drupal. Currently 5.11 and 6.5. Both versions can be installed more or less the same way. The following instructions are for version 6.5.

wget http://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-6.5.tar.gz
tar xvzf drupal-6.5.tar.gz
sudo mkdir /var/www/drupal
sudo mv drupal-6.5/* drupal-6.5/.htaccess /var/www/drupal

It is required to create a files subdirectory in your drupal default site installation directory. It will be used for files such as custom logos, user avatars, and other media associated with your new site.

sudo mkdir /var/www/drupal/sites/default/files
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/drupal/sites/default/files

It is also required to create the initial configuration file for the default site.

sudo cp /var/www/drupal/sites/default/default.settings.php /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php
sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php

Drupal needs a database, user and password

You need to create a drupal database and then load the database schema into it. You can do this with PhpMyAdmin or via the command line:

mysqladmin -u root -p create drupal

Where drupal is the name you picked for the mysql database that Drupal will use. You can call it anything you want.

mysql -u root -p

mysql> GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER, CREATE TEMPORARY TABLES, LOCK TABLES ON drupal.* TO 'drupaluser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'drupalpass';

You do not want to have Drupal use the mysql root user to access the database. The above command creates a mysql user (other than the mysql root user) with some priviledges to use the drupal database. You should pick something different than drupaluser and drupalpass. If the command was successful, activate the new permissions:

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Quit the mysql prompt:

mysql> \q

PHP memory limit

Prior to 7.04, you may need to increase the amount of memory PHP can use to run scripts, Edit the /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini file and increase the memory_limit value to 32 megs or another value of your choice (8 megs is not enough for Drupal)

Reload Apache2

You probably need to force-reload apache2 if you have not done so since you installed LAMP.

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Final Installation Settings

Point your browser to localhost/drupal, create an account, login, and follow the installation instructions to finish loading the database and configuring the site. If you got a page full of warnings, follow the prompts to resolve the issues (and add the fixes to this wiki page if appropriate). The first account will automatically become the main administrator account with total control. Please refer to the drupal installation manual for more advanced hosting features.

POSTGRESQL-8.1 with PHP5 and DRUPAL5.1

Mysql is ideal for database-driven sites since it has better performance than Postgresql. Furthermore, some drupal modules are not tested using postgresql. However, if you want to run your drupal site using postgresql, follow these instructions. These instructions work on Ubuntu 6.06 and 6.10.

Install Postgresql 8.1

$ sudo aptitude install postgresql-8.1
$ sudo su postgres

Create a database and user for drupal on Postgresql

$ createuser -D -A -P drupaluser
$ createdb -O drupaluser drupaldb

Modify the pg_hba.conf file of the postgresql DBMS

$ sudo nano /etc/postgresql/8.1/main/pg_hba.conf 

comment out this line after

1. "local" is for Unix domain socket connections only

# local   all         all                               ident sameuser

Add the following lines

#	TYPE  	DATABASE        USER             IP-ADDRESS     IP-MASK           METHOD
        host    drupaldb        drupaluser       127.0.0.1       255.255.255.255 password

Save the file (Ctrl + x, y) Restart the postgresql database server engine

$ sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql* restart

Check your database connection:

$ psql -h 127.0.0.1 -p 5432 -U drupaluser -W drupaldb
Enter the password for user drupaluser:

Install Drupal

Install drupal dependencies

# sudo aptitude install libapache2-mod-php5 php5-imagick php5-ldap php5-pgsql php5 zlib1g-dev

Download the drupal core files

$ sudo wget http://ftp.osuosl.org/pub/drupal/files/projects/drupal-5.1.tar.gz

Unpack the tarball

tar xvzf drupal-5.1.tar.gz

You can read the install file on creating postgresql database and user (already done above)

# sudo nano drupal-5.1/INSTALL.pgsql.txt

Make a folder for your drupal installation.

$ sudo mkdir /var/www/drupal 

Move your drupal files into the drupal folder

$ sudo mv drupal-5.1/* drupal-5.1/.htaccess /var/www/drupal

Create a /files storage folder for things like files, images, etc

$ sudo mkdir /var/www/drupal/files

Make the data storage writeable

$ sudo chown -R www-data:www-data /var/www/drupal/files

Edit the settings.php file so that drupal can know what user, password and database to use.

$ sudo nano /var/www/drupal/sites/default/settings.php
	* Database URL format:
	$db_url = 'pgsql://username:password@localhost/databasename';
	where username = drupaluser  password = drupaluserpass databasename = drupaldb

Save the file (Ctrl + x, y) Edit the amount of memory PHP can use to run scripts. The default 8mb is not enough for drupal, set to 32mb or more

$ sudo nano /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini file
	; Resource Limits ;
	memory_limit = 160M
You may also edit the example lines to accommodate Postgresql options
	; Example lines:
	;extensions=pgsql.so

Save the changes to the php.ini file (Ctrl + x, y) Restart apache

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Finish Installation

In a browser, enter: http://localhost/drupal/install.php

Configuration

File System Change the Download Method from public to private Select 'save configuration' Cron Click on 'You can run manually' For further configuration, please refer to:http://drupal.org/node/260

Install Script

usage: install_drupal user pass domain dbpass dbname This is a work in progress. it creates a user with password, installs drupal-6.4 from drupal.org, sets up apache2 and bind9 for the domain, creates the database dbname using the root password dbpass for user with pass. If it breaks please advise [email protected]. If it works enter http://domain/ in your browser.

#!/bin/bash
echo user=$1
echo password=$2
echo domain=$3
echo dbpass=$4
echo dbname=$5
useradd $1 -p `mkpasswd $2` 
mkdir /home/$1
mkdir /home/$1/public_html
cd /home/$1/public_html
wget http://ftp.drupal.org/files/projects/drupal-6.4.tar.gz
tar xzvf drupal-6.4.tar.gz
mv drupal-6.4 $3
mkdir /home/$1/public_html/$3/sites/all/modules
mkdir /home/$1/public_html/$3/sites/all/themes
mkdir /home/$1/public_html/$3/sites/default/files
chmod -R 777 /home/$1/public_html/$3/sites/default/files
cp /home/$1/public_html/$3/sites/default/default.settings.php /home/$1/public_html/$3/sitesdefault/settings.php
chmod 777 /home/$1/public_html/$3/sites/default/settings.php
chown -R $1.$1 /home/$1
mysql -uroot -p$4 -e "DROP USER '$1'@'localhost';"
mysql -uroot -p$4 -e "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS $5;"
mysql -uroot -p$4 -e "CREATE USER '$1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$2';"
mysql -uroot -p$4 -e "CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS $5;"
mysql -uroot -p$4 -e "GRANT USAGE ON $5.* TO '$1'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY '$2';"
mysql -uroot -p$4 -e "GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON $5.* TO '$1'@'localhost';"
mysql -uroot -p$4 -e "flush privileges;"
echo "<VirtualHost *>" >/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
echo "  DocumentRoot /home/$1/public_html/$3" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
echo "  ServerName $3" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
echo "  <Directory /home/$1/public_html/$3>" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
echo "    allow from all" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
echo "    AllowOverride AuthConfig FileInfo Indexes Limit Options" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available $3
echo "    Options FollowSymLinks SymLinksIfOwnerMatch +Indexes" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
echo "  </Directory>" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
echo "  ServerAlias www.$3" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
echo "</VirtualHost>" >>/etc/apache2/sites-available/$3
a2ensite $3
echo "\$TTL 86400" >/etc/bind/$3
echo "$3.	IN	SOA	www.$3. root.$3. (" >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "    `date +%Y%m%d`00" >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "    8H" >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "    2H" >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "    4W" >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "    1D)" >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "    IN NS `hostname`"  >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "$3 A `ifconfig|awk '/Bcast:/ {print $2}'|cut -d":" -f2`" >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "www.$3 A `ifconfig|awk '/Bcast:/ {print $2}'|cut -d":" -f2`" >>/etc/bind/$3
echo "zone \"$3\" {" >>/etc/bind/named.conf.local
echo "  type master;" >>/etc/bind/named.conf.local
echo "  file \"/etc/bind/$3\";" >>/etc/bind/named.conf.local
echo "  };" >>/etc/bind/named.conf.local
echo "127.0.0.1 $3" >>/etc/hosts
/etc/init.d/bind9 reload
/etc/init.d/apache2 force-reload