UbuntuHelp:AutomaticSecurityUpdates/zh

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates

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1. title 自动进行安全更新

简介

这是一个简单的指导，它教你创建一个脚本或cron任务而获得本地或外部的安全更新，并安装，他会自动在后台执行。在运行一个没有超级版本时总会有安全隐患，但如果你认为这些对你无关，那么你能按照以下的指导。

使用 apt.conf.d

当你在使用 GNOME ，在“系统”菜单，“系统管理”，“软件源”中，打开“更新”选项卡并选择“自动更新”，也把“安装安全更新时不需确认”。 你也可以通过命令行来配置 unattended-upgrades 包，简单的改变你的/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic :

APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "1";
APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "0";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

和 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades:

// Automatically upgrade packages from these (origin, archive) pairs
Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {
        "Ubuntu intrepid-security";
};

Note: 使用这个方法需要你每次更新系统到新版本时都要修改 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic 和 /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades 。务必确认用当前系统的代号去替换 intrepid ！

使用 cron

操作指南

首先，按 Alt+F2 并创建一个新文件:

gksudo gedit /etc/cron.weekly/apt-security-updates

如果你是用 KDE, 用下面的命令代替:

kdesudo kate /etc/cron.weekly/apt-security-updates

复制以下文本到这个新文件，保存并退出:

#! /bin/sh
echo "**************" >> /var/log/apt-security-updates
date >> /var/log/apt-security-updates
aptitude update >> /var/log/apt-security-updates
aptitude safe-upgrade -o Aptitude::Delete-Unused=false --assume-yes --target-release `lsb_release -cs`-security >> /var/log/apt-security-updates
echo "Security updates (if any) installed"

最近（从 Ubuntu 7.10 以来），不推荐使用 aptitude 的 'upgrade' 操作。有两中方法去升级，其中安全的一种（传统的，如果有一个更新需要添加或删除依赖，它将不更新）和另一种全部更新（它将总是升级，甚至添加它或删除它会影响到其他包的，之前称为'dist-upgrade' ）。这些操作现在是'safe-upgrade' 或 'full-upgrade'。详细请查看 aptitude (man aptitude) 的帮助。 当你完成前面的步骤，你还要让这个文件有执行权限。在终端输入下面一行：

sudo chmod +x /etc/cron.weekly/apt-security-updates

Post-Install Setup and Execution Information

This script will run once weekly and it installs all available packages from the security repository. It also generates a log in ~-/var/log/apt-security-updates-~ for later inspection in case something goes wrong. This script will output information to a log file, so to prevent this log file from getting too large we need to make sure it gets rotated out. To do this, we'll use the ~-logrotate-~ utility, which comes with Ubuntu. Press Alt+F2 and type this command:

gksudo gedit /etc/logrotate.d/apt-security-updates

For KDE, use this command instead:

kdesudo kate /etc/logrotate.d/apt-security-updates

Paste this into the editor, save, and exit:

/var/log/apt-security-updates {
        rotate 2
        weekly
        size 250k
        compress
        notifempty
}

This will rotate the log file every week (`weekly`), or if it's over 250kB in size (`size 250k`), compressing old versions (`compress`). The previous two log files will be kept (`rotate 2`), and no rotation will occur if the file is empty (`notifempty`).

Using cron-apt to handle automatic updating

Updating can be also done automatically by using package called cron-apt. Please read man page before doing anything.

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