“UbuntuHelp:AutomaticSecurityUpdates”的版本间的差异

2010年5月19日 (三) 21:39的最新版本

文章出处:

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AutomaticSecurityUpdates

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1. title Automatic Security Updates

Introduction

This is a simple tutorial that will teach you to create a script and a cron job to go out and automatically install security updates without requiring you to do anything. There are always some security risks involved in running software upgrades without supervision, but there are also benefits. If you believe it's important to stay up to date with the latest security patches, then you should follow this simple tutorial.

Using apt.conf.d

If you are using GNOME, go to the "System" menu, then "Administration", then "Software Sources". Open up the "Updates" tab and select "Automatic updates", also select "Install security updates without confirmation". Alternately you may configure the unattended-upgrades package via the command line; simply change your /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic to:

APT::Periodic::Update-Package-Lists "1";
APT::Periodic::Download-Upgradeable-Packages "1";
APT::Periodic::AutocleanInterval "5";
APT::Periodic::Unattended-Upgrade "1";

Details about what these values mean may be found in the header of the /etc/cron.daily/apt file. And /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades:

// Automatically upgrade packages from these (origin, archive) pairs
Unattended-Upgrade::Allowed-Origins {
        "Ubuntu karmic-security";
};

// List of packages to not update
Unattended-Upgrade::Package-Blacklist {
//  "vim";
//  "libc6";
//  "libc6-dev";
//  "libc6-i686";
};

// Send email to this address for problems or packages upgrades
// If empty or unset then no email is sent, make sure that you 
// have a working mail setup on your system. The package 'mailx'
// must be installed or anything that provides /usr/bin/mail.
//Unattended-Upgrade::Mail "root@localhost";


// Automatically reboot *WITHOUT CONFIRMATION* if a 
// the file /var/run/reboot-required is found after the upgrade 
//Unattended-Upgrade::Automatic-Reboot "false";

Note: Using this method requires that you modify /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/10periodic and /etc/apt/apt.conf.d/50unattended-upgrades every time you upgrade your system to the next Ubuntu release. Be sure to replace karmic with the code name for your Ubuntu version!

Using cron

Instructions

To begin, press Alt+F2 and create a new file:

gksudo gedit /etc/cron.weekly/apt-security-updates

If you're using KDE, use this command instead:

kdesudo kate /etc/cron.weekly/apt-security-updates

Copy the following text into this new file, save, and exit:

#! /bin/sh
echo "**************" >> /var/log/apt-security-updates
date >> /var/log/apt-security-updates
aptitude update >> /var/log/apt-security-updates
aptitude safe-upgrade -o Aptitude::Delete-Unused=false --assume-yes --target-release `lsb_release -cs`-security >> /var/log/apt-security-updates
echo "Security updates (if any) installed"

Recently (since Ubuntu 7.10), the aptitude action 'upgrade' is deprecated. There are now two ways to upgrade, a safe one (conservative, if an update needs to add or remove dependencies, it won't update) and a full one (it will always upgrade even though it impacts other packages by adding them or removing them, previously called 'dist-upgrade'). The actions are now 'safe-upgrade' or 'full-upgrade'. See the manual page of aptitude (man aptitude) for more details. Once you are complete, you want to make the file executable. So, via the terminal, type the following line:

sudo chmod +x /etc/cron.weekly/apt-security-updates

Post-Install Setup and Execution Information

This script will run once weekly and it installs all available packages from the security repository. It also generates a log in ~-/var/log/apt-security-updates-~ for later inspection in case something goes wrong. This script will output information to a log file, so to prevent this log file from getting too large we need to make sure it gets rotated out. To do this, we'll use the ~-logrotate-~ utility, which comes with Ubuntu. Press Alt+F2 and type this command:

gksudo gedit /etc/logrotate.d/apt-security-updates

For KDE, use this command instead:

kdesudo kate /etc/logrotate.d/apt-security-updates

Paste this into the editor, save, and exit:

/var/log/apt-security-updates {
        rotate 2
        weekly
        size 250k
        compress
        notifempty
}

This will rotate the log file every week (`weekly`), or if it's over 250kB in size (`size 250k`), compressing old versions (`compress`). The previous two log files will be kept (`rotate 2`), and no rotation will occur if the file is empty (`notifempty`).

Using cron-apt to handle automatic updating

Updating can be also done automatically by using package called cron-apt. Please read man page before doing anything.