UbuntuHelp:AptitudeSurvivalGuide
来自Ubuntu中文
目录
Introduction
Aptitude can give you fine grained package management, and will give you an easily traversed map of the ubuntu packages available to you. This page is meant to be a quick reference to aptitude's interactive mode, and should be enough for you to get started. Aptitude's manuals are linked under Further Information.
The startup view for aptitude displays a list of the top level groups.
Key commands available when a group is selected
[ - Expand the currently selected group, and all its subgroups
] - Collapse the currently selected group, and all its subgroups
Enter - Expand or collapse the currently selected group.
Key commands available when a package is selected
d - view the package dependencies (packages that this package uses)
r - view the reverse dependencies (packages that use this package)
Shift-c - download and view the changelog
Enter - view information about the selected package
Key commands available everywhere
u - update the package lists
j - move down one line
k - move up one line
q - retreat to the previous view (and exit aptitude if at the top view)
The navigation keys (Page'Up, Home, Page'Down, etc.) work pretty much as expected.
You can navigate through the dependencies of the packages available to you by selecting a package that interests you, and following it's dependencies or reverse dependencies. Repeat as desired.
Package Management
Aptitude provides straightforward package managment, and artistic use of the available actions (combined with apt-pinning, see PinningHowto) will help you manage unusual repositories, such as backports.
Most common actions on a package
+ (plus) mark package for installation
- (minus) mark package for removal
_ (underscore) mark package for purging
= (equals sign) mark package as held
Committing your actions
Press g once to view the marked actions
Press g a second time to act
Searching for packages
/ - (forward slash) search for search term or partial package name
\ - (back slash) repeat last search
l - (lower case L) limit the view to packages matching the search expression.
Useful search terms
~ is 'tilde'
~b - matches broken packages
~c - matches partially uninstalled packages ('configured, but not installed')
~ahold - matches held packages
Aptitude from the command line
You can also run aptitude from the command line
aptitude update
# aptitude update </code> ==== aptitude upgrade ==== <pre> # aptitude upgrade </code> ==== aptitude search ==== Search for packages with "gnuplot" in the name <pre> # aptitude search gnuplot </code> ==== How to free disk space ==== <pre> # aptitude clean --purge-unused </code> === Further information === '''"man aptitude"''' at a command prompt. [file:///usr/share/doc/aptitude/README] [file:///usr/share/doc/aptitude/html/en/index.html] ==== Tips ==== If more than one version is available for a particular package (look at the bottom of the package's information view), apt-cache policy <package> seems to be the best way to see which comes from which repository. [[category:UbuntuHelp]]
