“UbuntuHelp:32bit and 64bit”的版本间的差异
来自Ubuntu中文
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{{Languages|UbuntuHelp:32bit_and_64bit}} | {{Languages|UbuntuHelp:32bit_and_64bit}} | ||
== 32-bit and 64-bit == | == 32-bit and 64-bit == | ||
| − | + | As of 2008 most new consumer desktop PCs being sold contain processors from AMD or Intel which are capable of operating in 32-bit and 64-bit modes. List of processors with 64-bit support: | |
| − | + | * AMD | |
| + | * Athlon x64, FX, X2 | ||
| + | * Intel | ||
| + | * F and 5xx series Pentium 4 using the "Prescott" core | ||
| + | * Pentium D | ||
| + | * Core 2 (Solo, Duo & Quad) | ||
| + | * VIA | ||
| + | * Isiah | ||
| + | In addition to the above mentioned list, a number of other architectures also support 64-bit processing (Itanium, S/390, PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS, etc); however, as they are not supported by Ubuntu, we will not discuss those further here. For a distribution supporting the named architectures see [[http://www.debian.org|Debian]] on which Ubuntu is based. | ||
| + | Each manufacturer has a different name for 64-bit: AMD's AMD64 and Intel's IA-32e (later EM64T). We will however use AMD64 to refer to all implementations in this page. | ||
=== What is it? === | === What is it? === | ||
| − | 32-bit and 64-bit are really the size (or width) of a chunk of memory | + | 32-bit and 64-bit are really the size (or width) of a chunk of memory or more accurately, the memory registers in the computer. |
| − | A 32-bit computer has a word size of 32 bits, this limits the memory to | + | So what does that mean? Well, the two main characteristics of the AMD64 architecture are: |
| − | + | ==== Memory ==== | |
| − | + | A 32-bit computer has a word size of 32 bits, this limits the memory theoretically to 4GB. This barrier has been extended through the use of 'Physical Address Extension' (or PAE) which increases the limit to 64GB although the memory access above 4GB will be slightly slower. | |
| − | + | A a 64-bit computer will be able to address up to 16.8 million TB (16 exabytes) although constraints are in place that limit this to around 1TB. | |
| − | + | ==== Registers ==== | |
| + | The AMD64 processors have additional general purpose registers which will allow 64-bit code to run faster (in some cases) than its 32-bit cousins. | ||
=== Which is better? === | === Which is better? === | ||
| − | + | If you are doing heavy work where you have started to hit the 4GB memory barrier, then 64-bit is for you. | |
| − | + | Also certain type of encoding tasks (ie video) run faster on 64-bit processors (NOTE: this is implementation specific). | |
| − | + | Early 64-bit adopters were plagued by incompatibility problems (most noticeably Java and Flash), however this is no longer an issue. | |
| − | + | Some applications do run slower in 64-bit mode, however work continues to improve on this. | |
| − | + | Other platforms (like Windows) which also come in 32 and 64-bit flavours are experiencing significantly more problems especially due to a lack of 64-bit device drivers as incompatible user application. As Ubuntu is entirely open source, this is not the case as all hardware supported by Ubuntu works equally well in 32-bit and 64-bit environments. The same applies to user applications as well. | |
| + | === What should I choose - 32 or 64 bit? === | ||
| + | Unless you have specific reasons to choose 32-bit, we recommend 64-bit. | ||
=== How to make 32-bit work on a 64-bit machine === | === How to make 32-bit work on a 64-bit machine === | ||
| − | + | It is possible to install and use 32-bit software on a 64-bit computer in different ways: | |
| − | + | * Installation of 32-bit compatibility libraries (ia32-libs) | |
| − | + | * A 32-bit [[DebootstrapChroot|chroot]] | |
| − | + | * Full virtualization through [[KVM]] or [[VirtualBox]] | |
| + | Applications found in the Ubuntu archives will however all work out of the box in 64-bit mode. | ||
| + | Happy 64-bitting! | ||
---- | ---- | ||
[[category:UbuntuHelp]] | [[category:UbuntuHelp]] | ||
2008年10月19日 (日) 04:03的版本
目录
32-bit and 64-bit
As of 2008 most new consumer desktop PCs being sold contain processors from AMD or Intel which are capable of operating in 32-bit and 64-bit modes. List of processors with 64-bit support:
- AMD
- Athlon x64, FX, X2
- Intel
- F and 5xx series Pentium 4 using the "Prescott" core
- Pentium D
- Core 2 (Solo, Duo & Quad)
- VIA
- Isiah
In addition to the above mentioned list, a number of other architectures also support 64-bit processing (Itanium, S/390, PowerPC, SPARC, MIPS, etc); however, as they are not supported by Ubuntu, we will not discuss those further here. For a distribution supporting the named architectures see [[1]] on which Ubuntu is based. Each manufacturer has a different name for 64-bit: AMD's AMD64 and Intel's IA-32e (later EM64T). We will however use AMD64 to refer to all implementations in this page.
What is it?
32-bit and 64-bit are really the size (or width) of a chunk of memory or more accurately, the memory registers in the computer. So what does that mean? Well, the two main characteristics of the AMD64 architecture are:
Memory
A 32-bit computer has a word size of 32 bits, this limits the memory theoretically to 4GB. This barrier has been extended through the use of 'Physical Address Extension' (or PAE) which increases the limit to 64GB although the memory access above 4GB will be slightly slower. A a 64-bit computer will be able to address up to 16.8 million TB (16 exabytes) although constraints are in place that limit this to around 1TB.
Registers
The AMD64 processors have additional general purpose registers which will allow 64-bit code to run faster (in some cases) than its 32-bit cousins.
Which is better?
If you are doing heavy work where you have started to hit the 4GB memory barrier, then 64-bit is for you. Also certain type of encoding tasks (ie video) run faster on 64-bit processors (NOTE: this is implementation specific). Early 64-bit adopters were plagued by incompatibility problems (most noticeably Java and Flash), however this is no longer an issue. Some applications do run slower in 64-bit mode, however work continues to improve on this. Other platforms (like Windows) which also come in 32 and 64-bit flavours are experiencing significantly more problems especially due to a lack of 64-bit device drivers as incompatible user application. As Ubuntu is entirely open source, this is not the case as all hardware supported by Ubuntu works equally well in 32-bit and 64-bit environments. The same applies to user applications as well.
What should I choose - 32 or 64 bit?
Unless you have specific reasons to choose 32-bit, we recommend 64-bit.
How to make 32-bit work on a 64-bit machine
It is possible to install and use 32-bit software on a 64-bit computer in different ways:
- Installation of 32-bit compatibility libraries (ia32-libs)
- A 32-bit chroot
- Full virtualization through KVM or VirtualBox
Applications found in the Ubuntu archives will however all work out of the box in 64-bit mode. Happy 64-bitting!
