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Maxyang2008（讨论 | 贡献）2009年4月12日 (日) 20:44的版本 （创建新页面为 '= ''''' Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex) ''''' = '''Ubuntu Intrepid Ibex, the successor to Hardy Heron was released in October 30th of 2008. Please help test and pe...'）

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Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)

Ubuntu Intrepid Ibex, the successor to Hardy Heron was released in October 30th of 2008. Please help test and perfect this guide.

This guide was started by Chua Wen Kiat (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia). It is now being maintained by the Linux Center of University of Latvia, and everyone else who is willing to contribute.


目录

Preface

About Intrepid

  • Ubuntu 8.10 was released on October 30, 2008.
  • It is code named Intrepid Ibex and is the successor to Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron.
  • The primary focuses of this release are on improving the desktop experience by improving performance, introducing a new default theme and making internet access pervasive and simple or unnecessary to configure manually. Mark Shuttleworth's Introduction Message

Ubuntu Wallpaper

Download free at wiki.ubuntu

Simple Guide How to Upgrade Ubuntu 8.04 (Hardy Heron) to Ubuntu 8.10 (Intrepid Ibex)

If you want to upgrade ubuntu 8.04 to ubuntu 8.10 use this simple tutorial Upgrade Guide

About Package Management

Ubuntu uses packages called "debs" that are related to each other via a large network of dependency and conflict relationships. Packages installed or removed via this system ensure that the appropriate files are installed, configured and removed automatically. Where possible it is best to utilize this system instead of installing software manually or via custom installation scripts. Most software is available in the Ubuntu software repositories and additional "personal package archives" can be added if more modern versions of particular software is needed.

How to find out what version of Ubuntu you're using

Use this command: 

lsb_release -a

How to find out the Kernel version of the Ubuntu release you're using

Use this command: 

 uname -r

Newer Versions of Ubuntu

  • Ubuntu uses a six month release cycle
  • These releases occur in April and October
  • The next release is scheduled for the April, 2009 and will be Ubuntu 9.04 (Jaunty Jackelope) which is Intrepid+1.

About Ubuntu and Official Ubuntu Derivatives

Ubuntu 8.10 Guides and Links

Other *buntu guides

Ubuntu Screenshots

Ubuntu 8.10 Alpha 1 Screenshots Gallery

view modified theme and wallpaper here:[1]


Dual-Booting Windows and Ubuntu

Rarely, a user may experience problems dual-booting Ubuntu and Windows. In general, a Windows OS should be installed first, because its bootloader is very particular. The Windows partition can be resized from within Windows Vista (using the shrink/resize option in the Administrative Tools --> Disk Management tool), or if using Windows XP, by using Gparted partition manager. If done this way, there is no problem installing Ubuntu as the second operating system and it is done automatically from the Ubuntu LiveCD.

Alternatives include:

Dual-Booting Mac OS X and Ubuntu

Mac OS X is a popular Unix-like (it is BSD based) and stable OS that has a similar structure to Linux.

Installing Mac OS X after Ubuntu

If you decide to dual boot with this OS, a very important thing you must do during the Ubuntu installation is choose Ext2 as your partition type. For this you must have Super Grub Disk's cd before installing. You can find SGD at *http://supergrub.forjamari.linex.org, Once you've downloaded it burn it to disc.

If you have already installed Ubuntu, add this to intrepid's menu.lst (sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst) 

title Mac OSX
root (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

Reboot your Mac and go to the terminal in Max OSX. If you have any issues botting, insert your Mac OSX DVD. Press F8 and enter -s. Insert the code below once the verbose output has finished. 

fdisk -e /dev/rdisk0
flag 2 <--note that flag 2 is my Mac partition number two
quit
y
reboot

If are still unsure whether it is working correctly, insert the Super Grub Disk and make grub active.

Installing Ubuntu after Mac OS X

If you get an error message during boot such as HFS+error in the bootloader. The Super Grub Disk is a useful tool for recovering Linux GRUB and the Windows MBR(Master Boot Record).

Add this to your intrepid's menu.lst (sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst) 

title Mac OSX
root (hd0,0)
makeactive
chainloader +1

The Menu.lst attached here is an example. If you have issues with Mac OSX or Windows in GRUB, choose Mac OSX in the GRUB menu, then edit it by pressing: 

e

on title macosx, change root (hd0,0) to 

root (hd0,1)

This means you will boot into partition number 1. Press enter and: 

b

You will boot to mac OSX or Windows. If there is still a problem, you can try any partition number.

mac osx guide

About sources.list for Ubuntu Intrepid Ibex

Definitions

There are four major parts of the package repositories in Ubuntu.

  • main - Supported by Canonical, this is the major part of the distribution.
  • restricted - Software not licensed under the GPL or similar, supported by Canonical.
  • universe - Software licensed under the GPL or similar, supported by users.
  • multiverse - Software not licensed under the GPL or similar, supported by users.

These names are also of interest.

  • intrepid-updates - Updates to official packages.
  • intrepid-backports - Current version software from Intrepid+1 backported to Intrepid Ibex.
  • intrepid-proposed - Proposed updates & changes (bleeding edge stuff).

Manual Method for Adding Repositories

  • Create a backup of your current list of sources. 
sudo cp -p /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list_backup
  • Open the list of sources in a text editor

Ubuntu users: 

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list
  • Replace everything with the following lines

sources.list example

## UBUNTU REPOSITORIES
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid main restricted 
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid universe multiverse
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security universe multiverse

deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-updates main restricted 
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-updates universe multiverse
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-backports main restricted
deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-backports universe multiverse

#proposed - unstable
#deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-proposed main restricted
#deb http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-proposed multiverse universe

## Source based install, mostly unnecessary
#deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid main restricted
#deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid universe multiverse
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security main restricted
#deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-security universe multiverse
#
#deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-updates main restricted
#deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-updates universe multiverse
#deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-backports main restricted
#deb-src http://se.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu intrepid-backports universe multiverse

Ubuntu Server

The Ubuntu Server edition allows automatic installation of several types of servers: A LAMP stack, a DNS server (bind9), a mail server (postfix with dovecot), a virtual machine host (Xen), and more.

LAMP Server

During Ubuntu Server installation, you will have the option of installing a LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, pHp) server stack. Many (but not all) open source servers use this integrated server stack. Drupal, for example, needs to have a LAMP server installed. If you intend to install a groupware server, however, make sure it is compatible with a LAMP server stack before choosing this option. Many groupware servers will install LAMP (or their own variation) automatically, so you do not need to install the LAMP stack. Others used postgreSQL instead of MySQL, so you would not want to install a LAMP server. To install the LAMP server stack, merely check the box at installation. You will be prompted for a MySQL password.

For more details, see Ubuntu Intrepid LAMP Server. If you want a GUI for your server, see this Ubuntugeek guide.

Cacti Monitoring Server

Cacti is a complete, free open source network graphing solution designed to harness the power of RRDTool’s data storage and graphing functionality. Cacti provides a fast poller, advanced graph templating, multiple data acquisition methods, and user management features out of the box. It uses MySQL and PHP (part of the LAMP server stack). All of this is wrapped in an intuitive, easy to use interface that makes sense for LAN-sized installations up to complex networks with hundreds of devices. For more info see Cacti Server Setup.

Apache2 Webserver with PHP and Perl support

To install an Apache webserver (but not the entire LAMP stack) with both PHP and Perl CGI support, see this guide.

SugarCRM Server

SugarCRM is a commercial customer relationship management (CRM) platform and groupware server (sales, marketing, support, project management, calendaring) system with a community edition. It supports MySQL and MS SQL databases. For more info see SugarCRM Server Setup.

Wireless adapters

A lot of wireless devices should work out of the box. They can be configured using the networking tool:

System -> Administration -> Network

Atheros Cards

Atheros Wireless cards may work automatically with the new kernel, after installing the following package: 

sudo apt-get install madwifi-tools

The Atheros 802.11 b/g integrated card on my laptop did not work, however, until I installed the drivers manually. 

madwifi-hal-0.10.5.6-current.tar.gz
  • Extract the files
  • Make sure your linux headers and build-essential packages are installed:
sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-$(uname -r)
  • Unload any drivers already running.
sudo ifconfig ath0 down
sudo ifconfig wifi0 down
  • Change to the directory where you extracted the driver.
cd <directory_where_driver_unzipped>
  • From that directory, run the installation scripts:
cd scripts
sudo ./madwifi-unload
sudo ./find-madwifi-modules.sh $(uname -r)
cd ..
  • Complete the installation by compiling the source and installing it.
sudo make
sudo make install
  • Add the installed drivers to your system.
sudo modprobe ath_pci

Following this, Network Manager was able to see the wireless card and I was able to configure everything else (WEP / WPA key, etc.) from there.

Complete instructions are available at MadWifi UserDocs.

Atheros AR242x

This chipset doesn't work out of the box in Intrepid. Here is an alternate how to to get it to work if the above method doesn't work.

Internet Broadband Connection

An EVDO broadband wireless connection (GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and HSDPA) connects to the Internet directly through a USB, PC Card, wireless broadband router, or bluetooth card.

he220r1 release

he220r1 was made especially for the huawei E220 usb modem but it also supports other 3G devices including mobile phones. The he220r1 was developed for Ubuntu. See the he220r1 blog. He220r1 will set up ttyUSB0, ttyACM0, ttySHSF0, ttySL0, ttynoz0, ttytts0, ttyircomm0, tty0 and ttyifcomm0 in the /dev directory of Ubuntu. Use Kppp, Gppp, network applet, vodafone-mobile-connect-card-driver-for Linux and UMTSMON to connect. You will find the he220r1 download at:

torrent version: (might be slow)

Graphics cards and displays

xorg.conf

Before installing any driver for ATI or nvidia, please make backup xorg.conf before following this method. 

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /home/user

If you have edited this file but would like it to be automatically updated again, run the following command: 

sudo dpkg-reconfigure -phigh xserver-xorg

If you want to try this xorg.conf after installing the driver, you must back up your xorg.conf as following. And then, edit /etc/X11/xorg.conf in text editor. Add or modify this xorg.conf sample.

xorg.conf for nvidia
 Section "Screen"
 Identifier "Default Screen"
 Device "Configured Video Device"
 Monitor "Configured Monitor"
 SubSection "Display"
 Depth 16
 Modes "1280x1024" "1024x768"
 Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
 EndSubSection

 Option "AddARGBGLXVisuals" "True"
 Defaultdepth 24
 EndSection
 Section "Module"
 Load "glx"
 Load "GLcore"
 Load "v4l"
 EndSection
 Section "Device"
 Identifier "Configured Video Device"
 Boardname "vesa"
 Busid "PCI:1:0:0"
 Driver "nvidia"
 Screen 0
 EndSection
 
 Section "Device"
 Identifier "Device0"
 BoardName "Generic Geforce 5500"
 Driver "nvidia"
 Vendorname "NVIDIA Corporation"
 Option "DualHead" "1"
 Option "ShadowFB" "1"
 Option "FPScale" "1"
 Option "TwinView" "True"
 Option "TwinViewOrientation" "RightOf"
 Option "UseEdidFreqs" "True"
 Option "Metamodes" "1024x768,1024x768"
 Option "UseDisplayDevice" "DFP"
 EndSection
 
 Section "Device"
 Identifier "Videocard0"
 Driver "nv"
 VendorName "NVIDIA Corporation"
 BoardName "GeForce 7600 GT"
 EndSection
 
 Section "InputDevice"
 Identifier "Generic Keyboard"
 Driver "kbd"
 Option "XkbRules" "xorg"
 Option "XkbModel" "pc105"
 Option "XkbLayout" "us"
 EndSection

 Section "InputDevice"
 Identifier "Configured Mouse"
 Driver "mouse"
 EndSection
 Section "ServerLayout"
 Identifier "Default Layout"
 screen 0 "Default Screen" 0 0
 EndSection
 
 Section "Extensions"
 Option "Composite" "Enable"
 EndSection

Installation of ATI and nVidia Graphics drivers

NVidia Driver

If you have problems with Nvidia drivers after upgrading, check This guide for common solutions to problems with nvidia.

  • Please make a backup of xorg.conf before following this method.

Install the nvidia-settings package: 

 sudo apt-get install nvidia-settings

Download Nvidia driver at http://www.nvidia.com/Download/index.aspx?lang=en-us and place it at your home directory. After downloading, close all open windows and press F1. Log in and enter password and then just connect to the internet. Press F2, kill gdm or kdm season by entering sudo killall <your desktop manager>, example: 

 sudo killall gdm

Install the nvidia driver. Make sure you are in the nvidia driver directory. If you downloaded it and placed it on the Desktop, make sure to change directories first. 

cd Desktop

To install it, enter /NVIDIA-Linux-x**-***.**-pkg1.run. For example, if you downloaded Nvidia version 173.80: 

sudo ./NVIDIA-Linux-x86-173.80-pkg1.run

choose yes to any verbose response. After you are finished installing the driver, reboot your computer. 

sudo reboot

ATI Driver

Dock on Ubuntu Intrepid

Avant window manager and wbar are beautiful dock applications for linux. They are already used by gOS as the default dock.

avant window manager

1.The Software you need to install is: 

sudo apt-get install avant-window-navigator-bzr xfwm4 xcompmgr awn-core-applets-bzr awn-manager-bzr compiz compizconfig-settings-manager libawn-bzr-dev libawn0-bzr

2. This will install important packages for awn settings. After installing, open menu-system-preferences-sessions. Add new sessions: 

compiz
xcompmgr
xfwm4
avant-window-navigator-delay

4. close sessions after you've finished editing.

5. Now open system-preferences-awn manager, in the General tab, check the box to automatically start awn..., Whilst still in awn manager, choose Applets dialogue and activate stacks applet at least 3 items. And now you can choose other applets.

6. Close awn manager. (Whilst it updates, your desktop may freeze.)

7. Press Alt+F2 and insert the following: 

compiz
xcompmgr
avant-window-navigator


Another way

1. Include sources. Open your terminal, type the command 

echo 'deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/reacocard-awn/ubuntu intrepid main' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

echo 'deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/reacocard-awn/ubuntu intrepid main' | sudo tee -a /etc/apt/sources.list

2.Then update the source 

sudo apt-get update

3.Install package 

sudo apt-get install avant-window-navigator-bzr awn-core-applets-bzr awn-manager-bzr xfwm4 xcompmgr libawn-bzr-dev libawn0-bzr

wbar

Find wbar in synaptic (need to update your repo first). After installed libimlib2-dev and wbar, start wbar with your initial settings, press alt+F2: 

wbar -isize 48 -j 1 -p bottom -balfa 40 -bpress -nanim 3 -z 2.5 -above-desk

Configure wbar

First off, be sure to look at: 

wbar --help

It lists all the options available. Heres the line I use to open mine, look at the screen shot below: 

wbar -above-desk -pos bottom -isize 60 -nanim 1 -bpress -jumpf 0.0 -zoomf 1.5

Note: If you want the "wave" effect just increase the -nanim value, I like the icons to just pop up so I don't use it, with 9 icons 5 is a nice "wave" effect.

Note the paths are all absolute, do that and your font and image problems are solved. If you can't see hidden folder, just enter ctrl + h on home/user nautilus. If you can't find .wbar directory, maybe you can gedit it here:: 

sudo gedit /usr/share/wbar/dot.wbar

more wbar-guide

Internet

How to install Skype (x32) in Ubuntu (x64)

Installing Ubuntu Skype 8.10 x64 operating system. As is known to Skype is tailored to the x86 (32-bit OS) operating system, but it is easy to install and on the x64 (64-bit OS) system. First, we need to install the necessary packages. Write a terminal command: 

sudo apt-get install ia32-libs lib32asound2 libqt4-core libqt4-gui

We need receive skype.deb the package. Write a terminal command (Could be sent manually from the manufacturer's page): 

wget -O skype-install.deb http://www.skype.com/go/getskype-linux-ubuntu

Install Skype: 

sudo dpkg -i --force-architecture skype-install.deb

Starting Skype Application->Internet->Skype.

Multimedia

Playing VCD on VLC

How to play VCDs: Open file, In the Open Disc dialogue, click at Disc tab and chosing VCD at disc type gives me this: 

vcdx:///dev/hdd :audio-track=0

in the advanced options /dev/hdd is my CD-ROM drive, obviously. Remove x and change that to: 

vcd:///dev/hdd :audio-track=0

Add-on Applications

How to install applications for study of religious texts

How to install Gnomesword (Bible study program)

  • This installs the english version of the program.
sudo apt-get install gnomesword sword-language-pack-en sword-text-web
  • If you require other languages type:
sudo apt-cache search bible
  • Take a look at the sword-language-pack's and the sword-text's for additional languages and install as needed.

Gnomesword is found under Applications-->Accessories.

How to install Zekr (Quran study tool)

Zekr is an open platform Quran study tool for simply browsing and researching on the Quran.

  • Make sure that You have enabled universe and multiverse Ubuntu repositories.
  • Install zekr with the following command:
sudo apt-get install zekr zekr-quran-translations-en ttf-sil-scheherazade ttf-farsiweb
  • You can add more Quran translations from here.
  • If you like to upgrade to the latest stable version of zekr, which supports Quran Recitation and advanced boolean/regular expression search, follow instructions available at Zekr wiki.

Add Ubuntu Desktop to windows Active directory and integrate windows AD with Smba server

Likewise Open is a free, open source application that joins Linux, Unix, and Mac machines to Microsoft Active Directory and securely authenticates users with their domain credentials.

This Tutorial How to add Ubuntu to win server Active Directory Domain

This Tutorial How to Integrate windows Active Directory and Samba in Ubuntu

Tips and Trick

Freeze

There are many tricks to try to fix a frozen PC. Press Alt+F2, and use killall to end the frozen application. Example: 

killall amarok
killall firefox

Another trick to try is pressing Alt+Ctrl+backspace. This will log you out. But, what happens if this does not work? Try pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1,login, enter your password and run: 

sudo killall gdm
sudo startx

Enable to see hidden file

Open nautilus, press: 

Ctrl+ H

alien

To keep alien from changing the version number, use the following command 

alien -k rpm_file_name.rpm

Convert the package.rpm into a package.deb 

alien -d package-name.rpm

Convert the package.rpm into a package.deb, and install the generated package 

alien -i package-name.rpm

To convert .rpm to debian 

sudo alien -k *.rpm

Keyboard errors in VMware guest

After installing VMWare 6.5, and installing a guest OS, the Function, arrow and Del/End/etc keys do not function. This is a bug with VMWare´s code. Add this line to ~/.vmware/config (create file if necessary) to fix this issue: 

xkeymap.nokeycodeMap = true

Requests

Place your request here.

Webcam support - gspca, and iSight (without hanging in the boot with usb errors, after installing firmware)

  • Request 1.

How to set static ip address/dealing with network manager not keeping static settings in this release.

取自“https://wiki.ubuntu.org.cn/index.php?title=Ubuntu:Intrepid/zh&oldid=113909”