“Quick HOWTO : Ch04 : Simple Network Troubleshooting/zh”的版本间的差异
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{{Translation}}{{From|http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/wiki/index.php/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ch04_:_Simple_Network_Troubleshooting}} {{Translator|Apshai}} {{Languages|Quick HOWTO : Ch04 : Simple Network Troubleshooting}} | {{Translation}}{{From|http://www.linuxhomenetworking.com/wiki/index.php/Quick_HOWTO_:_Ch04_:_Simple_Network_Troubleshooting}} {{Translator|Apshai}} {{Languages|Quick HOWTO : Ch04 : Simple Network Troubleshooting}} | ||
| − | = | + | |
| + | = Introduction简介 = | ||
You will eventually find yourself trying to fix a network related problem which usually appears in one of two forms. The first is slow response times from the remote server, and the second is a complete lack of connectivity. These symptoms can be caused by: | You will eventually find yourself trying to fix a network related problem which usually appears in one of two forms. The first is slow response times from the remote server, and the second is a complete lack of connectivity. These symptoms can be caused by: | ||
| − | <br> | + | 你最终会发现你试图修正的网络问题经常以两种形式出现。第一种是来自远程服务器的慢速响应，第二种是完全失去连接。这些症状会是由一下原因引起的：<br> |
| − | == Sources of Network Slowness == | + | == Sources of Network Slowness 网络慢的根源<br> == |
| − | * NIC duplex and speed incompatibilities | + | * NIC duplex and speed incompatibilities 网卡的双工和速度的不兼容<br> |
| − | * Network congestion | + | * Network congestion 网络涌堵<br> |
| − | * Poor routing | + | * Poor routing 路由问题<br> |
| − | * Bad cabling | + | * Bad cabling 线缆问题<br> |
| − | * Electrical interference | + | * Electrical interference 电阻<br> |
| − | * An overloaded server at the remote end of the connection | + | * An overloaded server at the remote end of the connection 远端服务器负载过重<br> |
| − | * Misconfigured DNS (Covered in Chapter 18, "[[Quick HOWTO : Ch18 : Configuring DNS|Configuring DNS]]" and Chapter 19, "[[Quick HOWTO : Ch19 : Dynamic DNS|Dynamic DNS]]") | + | * Misconfigured DNS (Covered in Chapter 18, "[[Quick HOWTO : Ch18 : Configuring DNS|Configuring DNS]]" and Chapter 19, "[[Quick HOWTO : Ch19 : Dynamic DNS|Dynamic DNS]]")DNs配置问题（参考18章“配置DNS”和19章“动态DNS”） |
| − | == Sources of a Lack of Connectivity == | + | == Sources of a Lack of Connectivity 连接丢失的根源<br> == |
All sources of slowness can become so severe that connectivity is lost. Additional sources of disconnections are: | All sources of slowness can become so severe that connectivity is lost. Additional sources of disconnections are: | ||
| − | + | 所有网络慢的原因严重时都可以导致连接丢失。额外的原因包括： | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | * Power failures 电源问题<br> | |
| + | * The remote server or an application on the remote server being shut down. 远端的服务器或程序被关掉<br> | ||
| − | == Doing Basic Cable and Link | + | We discuss how to isolate these problems and more in the following sections.我们会讨论如何隔离这些问题，在以后的章节中会有更详细的讨论。 |
| + | |||
| + | == Doing Basic Cable and Link Tests做一些基本的连接测试 == | ||
Your server won't be able to communicate with any other device on your network unless the NIC's "link" light is on. This indicates that the connection between your server and the switch/router is functioning correctly. | Your server won't be able to communicate with any other device on your network unless the NIC's "link" light is on. This indicates that the connection between your server and the switch/router is functioning correctly. | ||
| + | |||
| + | 你的服务器只有在网卡的连接指示灯亮的时候才可以和其他设备进行通信。这个指示灯表明服务器和交换机或路由器的连接是正常的。<br> | ||
In most cases a lack of link is due to the wrong cable type being used. As described in Chapter 2, "[[Quick HOWTO : Ch02 : Introduction to Networking|Introduction to Networking]]", there are two types of Ethernet cables crossover and straight-through. Always make sure you are using the correct type. | In most cases a lack of link is due to the wrong cable type being used. As described in Chapter 2, "[[Quick HOWTO : Ch02 : Introduction to Networking|Introduction to Networking]]", there are two types of Ethernet cables crossover and straight-through. Always make sure you are using the correct type. | ||
| − | + | 在大多数情况下，网络不通是因为用了错误的线缆所致。正如我们在第二章描述的，存在两种线：交叉线和直通线。一定要确保你使用了正确的线缆。<br> | |
| − | * The cables are bad. | + | Other sources of link failure include:其他的一些原因包括： |
| − | * The switch or router to which the server is connected is powered down. | + | |
| − | * The cables aren't plugged in properly. | + | * The cables are bad.线缆坏了。 |
| + | * The switch or router to which the server is connected is powered down.服务器连接的交换机或路由器停掉了。 | ||
| + | * The cables aren't plugged in properly.线缆没有插好。 | ||
If you have an extensive network, investment in a battery-operated cable tester for basic connectivity testing is invaluable. More sophisticated models in the market will be able to tell you the approximate location of a cable break and whether an Ethernet cable is too long to be used. | If you have an extensive network, investment in a battery-operated cable tester for basic connectivity testing is invaluable. More sophisticated models in the market will be able to tell you the approximate location of a cable break and whether an Ethernet cable is too long to be used. | ||
| + | |||
| + | 如果你有外网，投资买一个电池驱动的线缆测试仪是非常值得的。市面上一些好的模型可以告诉你线缆坏的大概位置以及用的线缆是否过长。 | ||
2008年1月31日 (四) 10:13的版本
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目录
Introduction简介
You will eventually find yourself trying to fix a network related problem which usually appears in one of two forms. The first is slow response times from the remote server, and the second is a complete lack of connectivity. These symptoms can be caused by:
你最终会发现你试图修正的网络问题经常以两种形式出现。第一种是来自远程服务器的慢速响应，第二种是完全失去连接。这些症状会是由一下原因引起的：
Sources of Network Slowness 网络慢的根源
- NIC duplex and speed incompatibilities 网卡的双工和速度的不兼容
- Network congestion 网络涌堵
- Poor routing 路由问题
- Bad cabling 线缆问题
- Electrical interference 电阻
- An overloaded server at the remote end of the connection 远端服务器负载过重
- Misconfigured DNS (Covered in Chapter 18, "Configuring DNS" and Chapter 19, "Dynamic DNS")DNs配置问题（参考18章“配置DNS”和19章“动态DNS”）
Sources of a Lack of Connectivity 连接丢失的根源
All sources of slowness can become so severe that connectivity is lost. Additional sources of disconnections are:
所有网络慢的原因严重时都可以导致连接丢失。额外的原因包括：
- Power failures 电源问题
- The remote server or an application on the remote server being shut down. 远端的服务器或程序被关掉
We discuss how to isolate these problems and more in the following sections.我们会讨论如何隔离这些问题，在以后的章节中会有更详细的讨论。
Doing Basic Cable and Link Tests做一些基本的连接测试
Your server won't be able to communicate with any other device on your network unless the NIC's "link" light is on. This indicates that the connection between your server and the switch/router is functioning correctly.
你的服务器只有在网卡的连接指示灯亮的时候才可以和其他设备进行通信。这个指示灯表明服务器和交换机或路由器的连接是正常的。
In most cases a lack of link is due to the wrong cable type being used. As described in Chapter 2, "Introduction to Networking", there are two types of Ethernet cables crossover and straight-through. Always make sure you are using the correct type.
在大多数情况下，网络不通是因为用了错误的线缆所致。正如我们在第二章描述的，存在两种线：交叉线和直通线。一定要确保你使用了正确的线缆。
Other sources of link failure include:其他的一些原因包括：
- The cables are bad.线缆坏了。
- The switch or router to which the server is connected is powered down.服务器连接的交换机或路由器停掉了。
- The cables aren't plugged in properly.线缆没有插好。
If you have an extensive network, investment in a battery-operated cable tester for basic connectivity testing is invaluable. More sophisticated models in the market will be able to tell you the approximate location of a cable break and whether an Ethernet cable is too long to be used.
如果你有外网，投资买一个电池驱动的线缆测试仪是非常值得的。市面上一些好的模型可以告诉你线缆坏的大概位置以及用的线缆是否过长。
