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| − | These definitions are used throughout the remainder of this manual.
| + | Bash is an acronym for ‘Bourne-Again SHell’. The Bourne shell is the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne. All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash, The rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the POSIX specification for the ‘standard’ Unix shell. |
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| − | 这些定义将在本手册的其余部分使用到。
| + | This chapter briefly summarizes the shell’s ‘building blocks’: commands, control structures, shell functions, shell ''parameters'', shell expansions, ''redirections'', which are a way to direct input and output from and to named files, and how the shell executes commands. |
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| − | POSIX（可移植操作系统接口）
| + | |
| − | : A family of open system standards based on Unix. Bash is primarily concerned with the Shell and Utilities portion of the POSIX 1003.1 standard.
| + | |
| − | : 基于Unix家族的一个开放系统标准。Bash主要关心POSIX 1003.1标准的Shell以及工具部分。 | + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | blank
| + | |
| − | : A space or tab character.
| + | |
| − | : 一个空格（space）或制表符（tab）。
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| − | | + | |
| − | builtin（内建/嵌入）
| + | |
| − | : A command that is implemented internally by the shell itself, rather than by an executable program somewhere in the file system.
| + | |
| − | : 一个由shell自己内部实现的的命令，它不是一个存储于文件系统中的可执行程序。
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| − | | + | |
| − | control operator（控制操作符） | + | |
| − | : A token that performs a control function. It is a newline or one of the following: ‘||’, ‘&&’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘;;’, ‘|’, ‘|&’, ‘(’, or ‘)’.
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| − | : 一个记号并执行一个控制功能。它是一个换行符或以下东东：‘||’, ‘&&’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘;;’, ‘|’, ‘|&’, ‘(’, or ‘)’。
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| − | exit status（退出状态）
| + | |
| − | : The value returned by a command to its caller. The value is restricted to eight bits, so the maximum value is 255.
| + | |
| − | : 由命令返回该值到它的调用者。此值限于一个8比特值，所以它的最大值是255。
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| − | | + | |
| − | field（字段）
| + | |
| − | : A unit of text that is the result of one of the shell expansions. After expansion, when executing a command, the resulting fields are used as the command name and arguments.
| + | |
| − | : 一个文本单位是该shell扩展的结果。扩展之后，当执行一个命令时，这个结果字段被用作命令名或参数。
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | filename
| + | |
| − | : A string of characters used to identify a file.
| + | |
| − | : 由字符组成的字符串用于识别一个文件。
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | job（作业）
| + | |
| − | : A set of processes comprising a pipeline, and any processes descended from it, that are all in the same process group.
| + | |
| − | : 由一组操作组成的操作流水，它的任何后裔操作均属于同一个操作组。
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | job control（作业控制）
| + | |
| − | : A mechanism by which users can selectively stop (suspend) and restart (resume) execution of processes.
| + | |
| − | : 一套机制，用户可以选择性地停止和重启操作的执行。
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | metacharacter（元字符）
| + | |
| − | : A character that, when unquoted, separates words. A metacharacter is a blank or one of the following characters: ‘|’, ‘&’, ‘;’, ‘(’, ‘)’, ‘<’, or ‘>’.
| + | |
| − | : 当一个字符，当它未被引号引用，或者是单独出现。一个元字符可以是一个空格或以下单个出现的字符：‘|’，‘&’，‘;’，‘(’, ‘)’，‘<’ 或者 ‘>’。
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| − | | + | |
| − | name（名称）
| + | |
| − | : A word consisting solely of letters, numbers, and underscores, and beginning with a letter or underscore. Names are used as shell variable and function names. Also referred to as an identifier.
| + | |
| − | : 一个仅由字母、数字及下划线组成的词，名字被用于shell的变量及函数名称。也被认为是一个标识符。
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| − | | + | |
| − | operator（操作符）
| + | |
| − | : A control operator or a redirection operator. See [[#Redirections|Redirections]], for a list of redirection operators. Operators contain at least one unquoted metacharacter.
| + | |
| − | : 一个控制操作符或者一个重定向符。参看[[#Redirections|Redirections]]（重定向操作列表）。 操作符包括至少一个未引用元字符。
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | process group（进程组）
| + | |
| − | : A collection of related processes each having the same process group ID.
| + | |
| − | : 相关进程的集合，它们有相同的进程组ID。
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| − | | + | |
| − | process group ID（进程组ID）
| + | |
| − | : A unique identifier that represents a process group during its lifetime.
| + | |
| − | : 一个进程组在它的生命期内的一个唯一的标识。
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| − | | + | |
| − | reserved word（保留字）
| + | |
| − | : A word that has a special meaning to the shell. Most reserved words introduce shell flow control constructs, such as for and while.
| + | |
| − | : 一个对shell有特定意义的词。多数保留字与shell流程控制结构相关，例如for以及while。
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| − | | + | |
| − | return status（返回状态）
| + | |
| − | : A synonym for exit status.
| + | |
| − | : 退出状态（exit status）的同义词。
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| − | | + | |
| − | signal（信号）
| + | |
| − | : A mechanism by which a process may be notified by the kernel of an event occurring in the system.
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| − | : 一种机制，通过这种机制系统内核中发生的事件可以通知到一个进程。
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| − | | + | |
| − | special builtin（特殊内置指令）
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| − | : A shell builtin command that has been classified as special by the POSIX standard.
| + | |
| − | : 也是shell的内置指令， 它被POSIX标准分类为特殊。
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | token（令牌）
| + | |
| − | : A sequence of characters considered a single unit by the shell. It is either a word or an operator.
| + | |
| − | : 一个字符序列，它被shell认为是一个单位。它也是一个词或一个操作符。
| + | |
| − | | + | |
| − | word（词）
| + | |
| − | : A sequence of characters treated as a unit by the shell. Words may not include unquoted metacharacters.
| + | |
| − | : 一个字符序列，它被shell认为是一个单位。词无法包含或引用一个元字符。
| + | |
Bash is an acronym for ‘Bourne-Again SHell’. The Bourne shell is the traditional Unix shell originally written by Stephen Bourne. All of the Bourne shell builtin commands are available in Bash, The rules for evaluation and quoting are taken from the POSIX specification for the ‘standard’ Unix shell.
This chapter briefly summarizes the shell’s ‘building blocks’: commands, control structures, shell functions, shell parameters, shell expansions, redirections, which are a way to direct input and output from and to named files, and how the shell executes commands.
