特殊:Badtitle/NS100:BootOptions/zh
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文章出处: |
{{#if: | {{{2}}} | https://help.ubuntu.com/community/BootOptions }} |
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点击翻译: |
English {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/af | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Afrikaans| [[::BootOptions/zh/af|Afrikaans]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/ar | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|العربية| [[::BootOptions/zh/ar|العربية]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/az | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|azərbaycanca| [[::BootOptions/zh/az|azərbaycanca]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/bcc | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|جهلسری بلوچی| [[::BootOptions/zh/bcc|جهلسری بلوچی]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/bg | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|български| [[::BootOptions/zh/bg|български]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/br | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|brezhoneg| [[::BootOptions/zh/br|brezhoneg]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/ca | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|català| [[::BootOptions/zh/ca|català]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/cs | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|čeština| [[::BootOptions/zh/cs|čeština]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/de | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Deutsch| [[::BootOptions/zh/de|Deutsch]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/el | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Ελληνικά| [[::BootOptions/zh/el|Ελληνικά]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/es | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|español| [[::BootOptions/zh/es|español]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/fa | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|فارسی| [[::BootOptions/zh/fa|فارسی]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/fi | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|suomi| [[::BootOptions/zh/fi|suomi]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/fr | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|français| [[::BootOptions/zh/fr|français]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/gu | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|ગુજરાતી| [[::BootOptions/zh/gu|ગુજરાતી]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/he | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|עברית| [[::BootOptions/zh/he|עברית]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/hu | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|magyar| [[::BootOptions/zh/hu|magyar]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/id | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Bahasa Indonesia| [[::BootOptions/zh/id|Bahasa Indonesia]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/it | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|italiano| [[::BootOptions/zh/it|italiano]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/ja | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|日本語| [[::BootOptions/zh/ja|日本語]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/ko | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|한국어| [[::BootOptions/zh/ko|한국어]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/ksh | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Ripoarisch| [[::BootOptions/zh/ksh|Ripoarisch]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/mr | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|मराठी| [[::BootOptions/zh/mr|मराठी]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/ms | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Bahasa Melayu| [[::BootOptions/zh/ms|Bahasa Melayu]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/nl | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Nederlands| [[::BootOptions/zh/nl|Nederlands]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/no | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|norsk| [[::BootOptions/zh/no|norsk]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/oc | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|occitan| [[::BootOptions/zh/oc|occitan]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/pl | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|polski| [[::BootOptions/zh/pl|polski]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/pt | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|português| [[::BootOptions/zh/pt|português]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/ro | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|română| [[::BootOptions/zh/ro|română]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/ru | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|русский| [[::BootOptions/zh/ru|русский]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/si | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|සිංහල| [[::BootOptions/zh/si|සිංහල]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/sq | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|shqip| [[::BootOptions/zh/sq|shqip]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/sr | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|српски / srpski| [[::BootOptions/zh/sr|српски / srpski]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/sv | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|svenska| [[::BootOptions/zh/sv|svenska]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/th | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|ไทย| [[::BootOptions/zh/th|ไทย]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/tr | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Türkçe| [[::BootOptions/zh/tr|Türkçe]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/vi | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|Tiếng Việt| [[::BootOptions/zh/vi|Tiếng Việt]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/yue | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|粵語| [[::BootOptions/zh/yue|粵語]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/zh | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|中文| [[::BootOptions/zh/zh|中文]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/zh-hans | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|中文（简体）| [[::BootOptions/zh/zh-hans|中文（简体）]]}}|}} {{#ifexist: {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | UbuntuHelp:BootOptions | {{#if: | :}}BootOptions/zh}}/zh-hant | • {{#if: UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|中文（繁體）| [[::BootOptions/zh/zh-hant|中文（繁體）]]}}|}} |
{{#ifeq:UbuntuHelp:BootOptions|:BootOptions/zh|请不要直接编辑翻译本页，本页将定期与来源同步。}} |
{{#ifexist: :BootOptions/zh/zh | | {{#ifexist: BootOptions/zh/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:BootOptions/zh|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:BootOptions/zh|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}
启动选项
什么时候使用，如何使用
主要有那么两种情况下，你会用得着启动参数。一、当你安装 Ubuntu 时机器死掉了；二、安装完后系统启动不了，或者需要调整。
安装过程中调整启动选项
当你的安装程序加载完，或者从 LiveCD 启动时，你会看到如下画面：
按下 F6 键。然后画面如下所示：
你只要在它的后面添加一些参数即可。也就是说你可以通过添加参数来调整 Ubuntu 的启动方式。下面是一个添加参数的例子：
对已安装的系统进行调整
本段说明如何对 GRUB 的启动菜单进行临时(非永久性的)调整。这里假设你已经安装了 GRUB，它是 Ubuntu 缺省的引导装载程序(本文不考虑其他类似程序，比如 LILO)。机器启动后你会看到一个 GRUB 消息。按下 ESC 键，你会进入一个文本菜单。通过键盘上的上下方向键选择要启动的项之后，按下‘e’键，进入编辑界面。其中第一行为“root”，你需要按下下方向键移至“kernel”行，再按一下‘e’键，进入该行的编辑界面。将光标移至行尾(Ctrl-E)，将下面介绍的参数加进去。完成之后按下回车键，然后按下‘b’键启动。这样你的机器就应该能正常启动了。
启动命令行的参数
下面列出的选项并不完整，不过这些选项都是常用的。当屏幕上出现“boot:”的时候，你可以使用这些选项。选项的前面要有一个内核名称。如： 要给
“boot: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.15-26-k7 root=/dev/hda1 ro quiet splash”添加一个 vga=771 的选项，即为
“boot: /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.15-26-k7 root=/dev/hda1 ro quiet splash vga=771”
这些选项可以连着一起用，比如：
“/boot/vmlinuz-2.6.15-26-k7 root=/dev/hda1 ro quiet splash noapic nolapic”
内核参数
这些选项为内核所用，可在任何时候适用于任何机器。
参数: vga=xxx
说明: 将你的帧缓冲显示率设置为 VESA 的 xxx 模式。这里列出了所有可能的值。
参数: acpi=off 或 noacpi
说明: 该选项禁掉了整个 ACPI 系统。比如当你的机器不支持 ACPI 或者你觉得使用 ACPI 会有问题(如随机重启或系统锁死)时，这个选项会很有用。
参数: acpi=force
说明: Activates the ACPI system even if your computer BIOS date is older than 2000. This parameter overwrites acpi=off and can also be used with current hardware if the ACPI support is not activated despite apm=off.
参数: pci=noacpi 或 acpi=noirq
说明: These parameters disable the PCI IRQ routing
参数: pci=acpi
说明: This parameter activates the PCI IRQ routing
参数: acpi_irq_balance
说明: ACPI is allowed to use PIC interrupts to minimize the common use of IRQs.
参数: acpi_irq_nobalance
说明: ACPI is not allowed to use PIC interrupts.
参数: acpi=oldboot
说明: Deactivates the ACPI system almost completely; only the components required for the boot process will be used.
参数: acpi=ht
说明: Deactivates the ACPI system almost completely; only the components required for hyper threading will be used.
参数: noapic
说明: Disable the "Advanced Programmable Interrupt Controller (APIC)".
参数: nolapic
说明: Disable the "local APIC".
参数: apm=off OR noapm
说明: Disable the Advanced Power Management.
参数: irqpoll
说明: Changes the way the kernel handles interrupt calls (set it to polling). Can be useful in case of hardware interrupt issues.
安装程序选项 (user-land)
These options are usually used when installing a system, and are picked up by the installer program or start-up scripts, and not by the kernel.
参数: debian-installer/framebuffer=false
说明: Disable framebuffer.
参数: hw-detect/start_pcmcia=false
说明: Don't start PCMCIA. Personal Computer Memory Card International Association, one of the stranger names for a piece of hardware. :-) Your hardware is an association.
参数: netcfg/disable_dhcp=true
说明: Force static network config.
参数: bootkbd=uk
说明: Set keyboard map. Use a two letter ISO country code to get the right letters on the right keys. This option can help with password problems. (This list is far from complete, please feel free to add some options.)
永久变更
Once you know you need to boot with a special option on your installed system, you'll have to edit the file /boot/grub/menu.lst to make the boot option permanent. To to this please do the following:
sudo nano /boot/grub/menu.lst
Add the option to the line that starts with "# kopt=". Then run
sudo update-grub
to have the menu entries updated. NB! If you instead edit the menu entries directly, your changes will magically disappear the next time update-grub is run, for instance when system packages are updated.
