CDRipping

如何抓取 CD 音轨

原文出处：https://help.ubuntu.com/community/CDRipping

原文作者：UbuntuWiki

授权许可：

翻译人员：Murodoch

校正人员：purewind

贡献人员：

适用版本：文章状态：翻译完成

"Ripping" is the process of taking a CD and copying tracks from it onto your computer or portable music player. CD ripping is sometimes called 'CD extraction'. "抓音轨"是指将音乐CD中的音轨复制到计算机或者是便携式音乐播放机当中的过程。CD 抓音轨同时又被称为“CD 提取”。

CD Ripping Basics（CD 抓音轨的基本知识）

This section provides a brief overview of how CD ripping works and the various options available to you when ripping your CDs.

下面的内容将会介绍进行CD 抓音轨过程当中所需要用的一些基本内容以及可能将会用到的一些基本设置。

How It Works（CD 抓音轨是如何工作的）

Music on a CD is stored in an uncompressed format. This means that while the sound quality of a CD is very high, a large amount of storage space is required for only a few tracks. A 700MB CD can store only 80 minutes of uncompressed music, and copying uncompressed music to your computer's hard drive will take up a great deal of storage capacity.

It is possible to compress music so that it takes up much less space, making it more suitable for storing on a computer or portable music player. The method used to compress the music affects the quality and size of the resulting music file on your computer. In general, the smaller you make the file, the poorer quality the music will be.

Lossless compression is a way of reducing the size of a music file without any loss in quality. However, the resultant files still tend to be quite large.

Lossy compression reduces the quality of your music but results in much smaller file sizes. Lossy compression is very commonly used, and by choosing a sufficiently high quality setting, many people are unable to tell the difference between the compressed and uncompressed sound.

A codec (coder/decoder) is a piece of software which converts audio from one format to another. Codecs also allow you to play music of a given format on your computer. Some codecs are freely-available, whereas other are patented/proprietary and so must be bought or licensed. By default, Ubuntu only uses free/open codecs such as Ogg, although you can optionally install non-free codecs. See FreeFormats and RestrictedFormats for more information.

When you rip a CD, each track on the CD is converted to your chosen format and stored as a file on your computer. Because a CD represents a considerable amount of data, all of which must be converted, the ripping process may take a while for your computer to complete. Once a track has been ripped to your computer, you can listen to it using a music player application.

保存在CD光碟中的音乐是没有经过压缩的。这就意味着音乐CD能提供高质量的音乐节目，通常情况下较少的音轨需要较多的存储空间。1张容量为700MB的CD光碟通常只能装载80分钟的音乐，同时如果要将这些装载在CD上面的、没有经过压缩的音乐节目拷贝到电脑当中也将会占据硬盘当中很大一部分的存储空间。

减少这些音乐文件所占据的存储空间的一个较好的办法就是对它们进行压缩处理，让它们变得适合保存在电脑或者是便携式音乐播放器当中.但通常情况下文件压缩的比例跟音质损失的比例是成正比的，也就是压缩后文件体积越小，音质越差。

(Lossless compression) 无损压缩 是一种用来减少文件所占体积但却不会造成任何音质上的损失压缩方法。虽然它可以减少文件占用的存储空间，但结果仍然不理想。

(Lossy compression)有损压缩 是一种用音质来换存储空间的压缩方法，这种方法可以尽可能的减少文件所占的存储空间，但代价是音质的损失。不过只要设置的正确，大部分人都无法分辨经过压缩的音乐和没有经过处理的音乐之间的区别。

codec（coder/decoder)编码/解码器是一种用来转换音乐文件格式的工具。Codecs也可以播放对应格式的音乐文件。有一部分Codecs是免费的，其他的则是需要付费或者是获得许可证才能使用。在Ubuntu中，系统只提供免费且开放代码的codecs，比如Ogg，但您也可以在系统当中安装那些受到严格版权保护的编码\解码器。如要获得更多的资料，请参考FreeFormats和RestrictedFormats。一旦您开始进行CD萃取操作，音乐CD中所有内容都将按照您所指定的格式复制到电脑当中。由于CD光碟中保存了很多数据，而这些数据必须完整的复制到电脑当中，因此CD萃取操作将需要消耗一定的时间来完成这个过程。一旦音乐CD中的内容被复制到电脑当中，您便可以使用音乐播放器来欣赏音乐节目。

Music File Formats（关于音乐文件格式）

There are many different file formats available for you to store your music with, and each has its advantages and disadvantages. A small selection of popular formats which can be used with Ubuntu can be found below:

Ogg Vorbis - A lossy open audio format with excellent support in Ubuntu. See http://vorbis.com/ for more information.
FLAC - A popular lossless open audio format. See http://flac.sourceforge.net/ for more information.
MP3 - The most commonly-used music format, which is supported by most portable music players. MP3 is a patented format.
AAC - The format used by the popular Apple iPod music players. AAC is a patented format.

See FreeFormats and RestrictedFormats for more information.

The format you choose to use will probably depend on your personal preferences, whether you already have music in a specific format and what formats any music players that you own support.

有许多不同的文件格式可用于存储您的音乐，每种格式都有它的优点和缺点。下面列出了Ubuntu中可能用到的几种流行格式。

Ogg Vorbis —— 一种Ubuntu完美支持的有损开放格式，请参阅 http://vorbis.com/ 获取更多信息。
FLAC —— 一种流行的无损开放音乐格式，请参阅 http://flac.sourceforge.net/ 获取更多信息。
MP3 —— 最常用的一种音乐格式，可以被绝大多数便携式音乐播放器所支持。MP3 是一种专利格式。
AAC —— 一种供苹果的iPod音乐播放器所使用的音乐格式，AAC 是一种专利格式。

您所选择的音乐格式可能完全依靠您的系统设置，如果您拥有一些特定格式的音乐文件，那么您将需要特定的播放器来支持它们。

请参阅 FreeFormats 和 RestrictedFormats 获取更多信息。

MP3（关于MP3格式）

Song Names and Metadata（曲名与元数据）

When you rip music onto your computer, additional information (termed metadata or track data) can be stored about it. Many compressed audio formats support 'tags', which are simply labels that you can apply to your songs to denote their genre, which artist performed the track and so on. Many CD-ripping applications are able to automatically retrieve information such as track and album names from the Internet and automatically apply these to your songs.

当您将CD光碟中的音乐提取到您的电脑中后，那些附加的音乐信息（编组为元数据 或者音轨数据）将会被同时保存下来。很多压缩音乐格式都支持"标签",这是一种您可以用来简单的标识歌曲流派、那个艺术家唱的等等的标贴。很多CD音乐提取软件都能够自动从网络上下载比如专辑名称等相关信息并自动应用到您的歌曲中。

Ripping CDs in Ubuntu（如何在Ubuntu系统中抓轨CD）

To rip a CD, you will require a suitable CD-ripping application. One is installed by default on Ubuntu, and there are others available through Ubuntu's software channels.

如果您想要进行CD抓轨操作，那么您就得需要一个合适的CD抓轨软件。Ubuntu系统默认安装有一个，亦可通过Ubuntu的软件频道获得其他可用软件。

Sound Juicer（音乐榨汁机）

Sound Juicer is Ubuntu's default CD-ripping application, and also has the ability to play your CDs and download track data from the Internet.

音乐榨汁机是Ubuntu系统默认安装的CD抓轨工具，它可以播放音乐CD以及从互联网上自动下载相关的信息。

attachment:sound-juicer.png

To rip a CD using Sound Juicer, simply insert an audio CD; Sound Juicer should start automatically. Alternatively, you can select Sound Juicer from Applications --> Sound & Video --> Sound Juicer CD Ripper. By default, the CD will be encoded into the OggVorbis format, a Free Format. If you wish to rip a CD to a non-free format such as MP3 or AAC, you will need to install some additional software.

音乐榨汁机非常易于使用；使用它进行抓轨操作简单到仅仅需要将音乐CD光碟放入光驱，它将自动开始运行。您亦可通过 应用程序 --> 影音 --> 音乐榨汁机CD提取器 选取。默认情况下，提取出来的文件将编码为OggVorbis格式（一种自由格式）。如果您要将音乐保存为MP3、AAC等非自由格式的话，您需要事先安装附加的软件包。

Installing Additional Audio Formats（如何安装其他附加的音乐格式）

This section provides instructions on how to enable support for audio formats not installed by default in Ubuntu.

下面的内容将会向您介绍如何让您的Ubuntu系统支持那些非系统默认支持的音乐格式。

MP3 Encoding (MP3编码)

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If you live in a country where it is legal to use this format, to encode MP3s, you can use Sound Juicer which uses gstreamer and the LAME mp3 encoder. The following should also work with other programs that use gstreamer:

Enable the universe and multiverse repositories. Then, install the gstreamer0.8-lame package to encode mp3s, and the gstreamer0.8-mad package to play them back (in Ubuntu 5.10). For Ubuntu 6.06, you will need to install the package gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse
Open Sound Juicer, click "Preferences" from the "Edit Menu", click "Edit Profiles" and choose "New". Call your new profile "MP3 Encoding", or whatever else you feel like.
Edit this profile and set Gstreamerpipeline to audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lame name=enc bitrate=160 ! id3v2mux (The last number specifies the quality of the file, a larger number means better quality, but larger file size. Optionally, you can change 160 to something else (e.g. 192, 256) if you want a specific (constant) bitrate other than the default of 160).
Additionally, if you are using Ubuntu 6.06 and would like to encode MP3s using the "--present standard", the Gstreamer pipline should be set to audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lame name=enc preset=1001
Finally, set File Extension to mp3, click the Active checkbox and then OK.
Restart Sound Juicer for the changes to take effect.

如果您所在的地区可合法使用MP3音乐格式，那么音乐榨汁机将会是一个很好的选择，它基于gstreamer 以及LAME mp3编码器。下面所介绍的内容同样适用于其他使用gstreamer的应用程序。

首先请将universe和 multiverse设为可用。然后安装 gstreamer0.8－lame 软件包以便获得MP3编码器，如果您使用的是Ubuntu5.10，那么你您需要安装 gstreamer0.8-mad 软件包。在Ubuntu6.06中您需要安装 gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse。
打开Sound Juicer，在“编辑” 菜单当中选择首选项，然后点击“编辑配置文件”，再选择“新建”。将您新建的配置文件命名为“MP3 Encoding”或者其他您喜欢的名字。
编辑您刚刚建立的配置文件，将“Gstreamer流水线”设置为“audio/x-raw-int, rate=44100,channels=2! lame name=enc bitrate=160 ! id3v2mux(最后一个参数值涉及到提取出来的音乐的质量，这个数值越大，音乐质量也越好，但同时文件所占空间也越大。如果您愿意的话您可以将它设为诸如192、256等值。
此外，如果您正在使用6.06 并且想要使用现有标准的MP3编码器，那么Gstreamer流水线应该被设置成audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! lame name=enc preset=1001 。
请将文件扩展名设置为MP3，点选激活复选框然后确定。
请重新启动音乐榨汁机使修改生效。

AAC Encoding （AAC 编码）

If you live in a country where it is legal to use this format, to encode AAC files, you can use Sound Juicer which uses gstreamer and the FAAC encoder. The following should also work with other programs that use gstreamer:

Enable the universe and multiverse repositories. Then, install the gstreamer0.8-faac and gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg packages to encode AAC files, and the gstreamer0.8-mad package to play them back.
Open Sound Juicer, click "Preferences" from the "Edit Menu", click "Edit Profiles" and choose "New". Call your new profile "AAC Encoding", or whatever else you feel like.
Edit this profile and set Gstreamerpipeline to audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! faac ! ffmux_mp4.
Finally, set File Extension to m4a, click the Active checkbox and then OK.
Restart Sound Juicer for the changes to take effect.

For a full explanation of all of the options that faac takes, run gst-inspect faac|less in the Terminal and look at the end under "Element Properties".

如果您所在的地区可合法使用AAC格式，那么您可以在您的系统当中安装AAC编码器。您可以使用包含了FAAC编码器的音乐榨汁机。下面所介绍的内容同样适用于其他使用gstreamer的应用程序。

首先请确定您能够使用第三方源。然后请安装 gstreamer0.8-faac 以及 gstreamer0.8-ffmpeg 软件包以编码AAC格式的音乐文件，还有 gstreamer0.8-mad 软件包以用于回放。

打开Sound Juicer，在“编辑菜单”当中选择“首选项”，点击“编辑配置文件”选择“新建”。将您新建的配置文件命名为"AAC Encoding" 或任何您喜欢的名字。

编辑您刚刚新建的配置文件，将Gstreamr流水线设置为 audio/x-raw-int,rate=44100,channels=2 ! faac ! ffmux_mp4.

最后请将文件文件扩展名设置为m4a,点选激活复选框然后确定。

请重新启动音乐榨汁机使修改生效。

Additional Resources（附加资源）

Comparison of popular audio codecs - http://www.xiph.org/vorbis/listen.html
Creative Commons audio search - http://creativecommons.org/find/
Wikipedia article on ripping - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd_ripping
流行的音频编/解码器比较 - http://www.xiph.org/vorbis/listen.html
Creative Commons音频搜索 - http://creativecommons.org/find/
维基百科上关于抓音轨的文章 - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cd_ripping