Ubuntu6.06HowTo

Ubuntu 6.06 (Dapper Drake) 指南 来源： http://www.cs.cornell.edu/%7Edjm/ubuntu/ 我也是一个 Ubuntu (Linux水平也一般) 新手. 使用 Ubuntu 因为比较好玩，兴趣和刺激. 为了当我下一次安装 Ubuntu 是方便，在本页记下了所有的步骤. 我希望也能帮助其它人.

June 2, 2006: 我今天升级到了 Dapper Drake 并修改了本页的部分内容. 我将不再更新 Breezy Badger page .

安装 Ubuntu

下面是本节的屏幕抓图 OSDir's screenshot gallery.

• 下载 Dapper Drake 安装 CD/DVD 映像文件, 然后 刻录映像文件 到 CD/DVD.
• 从 CD/DVD 启动. 这通常可以简单从 CD/DVD 启动电脑. 有些电脑你可能需要在启动的一段时间内按下 F12 (或 F2, 或 DEL, 或 其它什么的) 然后从菜单选择从 CD 启动.
• 选择 启动或安装 Ubuntu 条件.
• 当电脑 从 Live CD 启动 这个版本的 Ubuntu 后, 双击 安装图标.
• 选择 语言; 地区和时区; 键盘; 和 用户名, 密码, 和电脑名.

目的	尺寸	文件系统
swap 交换空间	1 - 2GB	linux-swap
root 目录 (/)	4 - 8GB	reiserfs (或 ext3)
home 目录 (/home)	剩余空间	reiserfs (或 ext3)

• 检查你的选择, 然后点击 "Install".
• 阅读一些杂志或者干些别的事情 当 Ubuntu 安装时.
• 当安装完成后，会得到一个提示, 点击 "Reboot the computer" 按钮. 确信取出了 CD/DVD 这样电脑不会重新从 Live CD 启动.
• 如果 Ubuntu 在其它的分区上检测到了 Windows , 将提示你 使用 GRUB 多重启动. 最上面的选项是 Ubuntu. 选择它, 或者仅仅等到计时器到0.
• 但电脑 重启 到第一次安装的 Ubuntu, 使用你早前安装时设置的用户名和密码登录 .
• 祝贺! 你现在已经开始 运行 Ubuntu! 为什么这么容易? :)

初步设置

更新和升级包

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade

安装 nVidia 显卡驱动

安装 nVidia 显卡驱动会自动修复某些屏幕分辨率的问题.

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup.nvidia
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "Device"
	...
	Driver		"nv"
	...
EndSection

Section "Device"
	...
	Driver		"nvidia"
	...
EndSection

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/nvidia-settings.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Name=NVIDIA Settings
Comment=nVidia Settings
Exec=nvidia-settings
Icon=
Terminal=false
Type=Application
Categories=Application;System;

sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "Device"
	Identifier	"NVIDIA Corporation ..."
	...
EndSection

Section "Device"
	Identifier	"NVIDIA Corporation ..."
	...
	Option		"NoLogo"
EndSection

• (可选) 重启 Gnome Desktop Manager 让配置生效.

这里是自动执行1-4步的脚本:

sudo apt-get install nvidia-glx
sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup.nvidia
sudo nvidia-glx-config enable
sudo sed -i -e's@Driver[ \t]\{1,\}"nv"@Driver\t\t"nvidia"\n\tOption\t\t"NoLogo"@g' /etc/X11/xorg.conf
(printf '[Desktop Entry]\nName=NVIDIA Settings\nComment=nVidia Settings\nExec=nvidia-settings\nIcon=\nTerminal=false\nType=Application\nCategories=Application;System;\n') | sudo tee /usr/share/applications/nvidia-settings.desktop

激活 5-button 鼠标

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup.mouse
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier	"Configured Mouse"
	Driver		"mouse"
	...
	Option		"Protocol"		"ExplorerPS/2"
	...
	Option		"Emulate3Buttons"	"true"
	...
EndSection

Section "InputDevice"
	Identifier	"Configured Mouse"
	Driver		"mouse"
	...
	Option		"Protocol"		"ExplorerPS/2"
	...
	Option		"Emulate3Buttons"	"false"
	Option		"Buttons"		"7"
	Option		"ButtonMapping"		"1 2 3 6 7"
	...
EndSection

• (可选) 重启 Gnome Desktop Manager 让配置生效.

这里是自动执行1步的脚本:

sudo sed -i.backup.mouse -e's@[ \t]*Option[ \t]\{1,\}"Emulate3Buttons"[ \t]\{1,\}"true"@\tOption\t\t"Emulate3Buttons"\t"false"\n\tOption\t\t"Buttons"\t\t"7"\n\tOption\t\t"ButtonMapping"\t\t"1 2 3 6 7"@g' /etc/X11/xorg.conf

激活 CD/DVD 弹出

sudo sysctl dev.cdrom.lock=0

sudo cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.backup.eject
sudo gedit /etc/sysctl.conf

dev.cdrom.lock=0

这里是自动执行1步的脚本:

if ! cat /etc/sysctl.conf | grep "dev.cdrom.lock=0"; then sudo cp /etc/sysctl.conf /etc/sysctl.conf.backup.eject; >> /etc/sysctl.conf'; fi;

增加扩展库

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper main restricted

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted



deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security universe multiverse
deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-security universe multiverse

deb http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates universe multiverse
deb-src http://us.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-updates universe multiverse



deb http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse



#deb http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ dapper free non-free
#deb-src http://packages.freecontrib.org/ubuntu/plf/ dapper free non-free

#deb ftp://ftp.free.fr/pub/Distributions_Linux/plf/ubuntu/plf/ dapper free non-free
#deb-src ftp://ftp.free.fr/pub/Distributions_Linux/plf/ubuntu/plf/ dapper free non-free

sudo apt-get update

这里是自动执行1-3步的脚本(需要Internet访问):

wget -c -o /tmp/sources.list http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~djm/ubuntu/sources.list
sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.backup 
sudo cp /tmp/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list
sudo apt-get update

常用的包

安装 Microsoft 字体

sudo apt-get install msttcorefonts

安装多媒体解码驱动和播放器

• add-repositories 增加扩展库.

wget -c -o /tmp/w32codecs.deb ftp://ftp.free.fr/pub/Distributions_Linux/plf/ubuntu/plf/pool/dapper/i386/non-free/w32codecs/w32codecs_20050412-1plf4_i386.deb 
wget -c -o /tmp/libdvdcss2.deb ftp://ftp.free.fr/pub/Distributions_Linux/plf/ubuntu/plf/pool/dapper/i386/free/libdvdcss2/libdvdcss2_1.2.9-1plf3_i386.deb
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/w32codecs.deb /tmp/libdvdcss2.deb

wget -c -o /tmp/w32codecs.deb ftp://ftp.nerim.net/debian-marillat/pool/main/w/w32codecs/w32codecs_20050412-0.4_i386.deb 
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/w32codecs.deb 
sudo apt-get install libdvdread3
sudo /usr/share/doc/libdvdread3/examples/install-css.sh

sudo apt-get install lame sox ffmpeg mjpegtools mpg321 vorbis-tools

sudo apt-get install totem-xine libxine-extracodecs

sudo apt-get install totem-gstreamer gstreamer0.10-plugins-good gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly gstreamer0.10-plugins-bad-multiverse gstreamer0.10-plugins-ugly-multiverse gstreamer0.10-gl gstreamer0.10-ffmpeg

(printf '#!/bin/bash\ntotem --enqueue $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS\n') > ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/totem-enqueue
(printf '#!/bin/bash\ntotem --replace $NAUTILUS_SCRIPT_SELECTED_URIS\n') > ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/totem-replace
chmod +x ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/totem-enqueue ~/.gnome2/nautilus-scripts/totem-replace

sudo apt-get install mplayer
sudo sed -i.backup -e's@vo=x11,@vo=xv,@g' /etc/mplayer/mplayer.conf 

sudo apt-get install mozilla-mplayer

安装 TiMidity (MIDI 播放器)

sudo apt-get install timidity timidity-interfaces-extra

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/timidity.desktop

[Desktop Entry]
Encoding=UTF-8
Name=Timidity MIDI Player
Comment=Play MIDI audio files
Exec=timidity -ig
Terminal=false
Type=Application
StartupNotify=false
MimeType=audio/midi;
Categories=Application;AudioVideo;
Icon=
#NoDisplay=true

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list.backup.midi
sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

audio/midi=timidity.desktop

wget -c -o /tmp/timidity-patches-eaw http://www.fbriere.net/debian/dists/etch/misc/deb/timidity-patches-eaw_12-0fbriere.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/timidity-patches-eaw.deb
sudo gedit /etc/timidity/timidity.cfg

source /etc/timidity/freepats.cfg

source /usr/share/doc/timidity-patches-eaw/examples/timidity.cfg

sudo gedit /etc/timidity/timidity.cfg

opt EFresamp=d          #disable resampling (or "opt EFresamp=l" for linear resampling)
opt EFvlpf=d            #disable VLPF
opt EFreverb=d          #disable reverb
opt EFchorus=d          #disable chorus
opt EFdelay=d           #disable delay

这里是自动执行1-4步的脚本:

sudo apt-get install timidity timidity-interfaces-extra
(printf '[Desktop Entry]\nEncoding=UTF-8\nName=Timidity MIDI Player\nComment=Play MIDI audio files\nExec=timidity -ig\nTerminal=false\nType=Application\nStartupNotify=false\nMimeType=audio/midi;\nCategories=Application;AudioVideo;\n#Icon=???\n#NoDisplay=true\n') | sudo tee /usr/share/applications/timidity.desktop
sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list.backup.midi
if ! cat /usr/share/applications/defaults.list | grep "audio/midi"; then (printf 'audio/midi=timidity.desktop\n') | sudo tee -a /usr/share/applications/defaults.list; else sudo sed -i -e's@audio/midi.*$@audio/midi=timidity.desktop@g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list; fi;
wget -c -o /tmp/timidity-patches-eaw http://www.fbriere.net/debian/dists/etch/misc/deb/timidity-patches-eaw_12-0fbriere.1_all.deb
sudo dpkg -i /tmp/timidity-patches-eaw.deb
sudo sed -i.backup -e's@source /etc/timidity/freepats.cfg@source /usr/share/doc/timidity-patches-eaw/examples/timidity.cfg@g' /etc/timidity/timidity.cfg

安装 GParted (磁盘分区工具)

sudo apt-get install gparted

安装 Mozilla Thunderbird (email 客户端)

sudo apt-get install mozilla-thunderbird

• (optional) See how to restore Mozilla Firefox and Thunderbird icons.

安装 GnomeBaker (CD 刻录)

sudo apt-get install gnomebaker

安装 Sound Juicer (audio CD 抓轨)

sudo apt-get install sound-juicer

安装 Acroread (PDF 阅读器)

sudo apt-get install acroread

sudo sed -i.backup.acroread -e's@application/pdf=evince.desktop@application/pdf=AdobeReader.desktop@g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

sudo apt-get install mozilla-acroread

为 Firefox 安装 Flash 插件

sudo apt-get install flashplugin-nonfree
sudo update-flashplugin

安装 Sun Java

(See the Restricted Formats page.)

sudo apt-get install sun-java5-jre sun-java5-plugin
sudo update-alternatives --config java

安装 teTeX (LaTeX)

sudo apt-get install tetex-base tetex-bin tetex-extra

• Here is a sample LaTeX file and the Makefile to compile it with.

安装 Octave (Matlab 代替)

sudo apt-get install octave

安装 Gnuplot (绘制/图形 工具)

sudo apt-get install gnuplot

安装 开发工具

sudo apt-get install build-essential manpages-dev

sudo apt-get install libgmp3-dev libgmp3-doc

sudo apt-get install libxxf86vm-dev nvidia-glx-dev ftgl-dev
sudo apt-get install libsdl1.2-dev libsdl-ttf2.0-dev libsdl-image1.2-dev libsdl-mixer1.2-dev
sudo apt-get install libsdl-sound1.2-dev libsdl-net1.2-dev

sudo ln -s /usr/include/freetype2/freetype /usr/include/freetype

安装 CVS (版本控制系统)

sudo apt-get install cvs

sudo apt-get install tkcvs

安装 GVim (编辑器)

sudo apt-get install vim-gnome

• (optional) Tinker with your ~/.vimrc file to your heart's content. (See my ~/.vimrc for an example.)

sudo sed -i.backup.gvim -e'[email protected]@gvim.desktop@g' -e's@text/x-csrc=gvim.desktop@text/x-csrc=gvim.desktop\ntext/x-c++hdr=gvim.desktop\ntext/x-c++src=gvim.desktop\ntext/x-csharp=gvim.desktop\ntext/x-tex=gvim.desktop@g' /usr/share/applications/defaults.list
sudo sed -i.backup -e's@MimeType=text/plain;@MimeType=text/plain;text/html;text/css;text/xml;text/x-dtd;text/x-chdr;text/x-csrc;text/x-c++hdr;text/x-c++src;text/x-java;text/x-csharp;text/x-tex;text/x-bibtex;text/x-readme;@g' -e's@NoDisplay=true@NoDisplay=false@g' /usr/share/applications/gvim.desktop 

安装 jEdit (编辑器)

• Install Java.

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

deb http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./
deb-src http://dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/jedit ./

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jedit

sudo gedit /usr/bin/jedit

... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" $@

... ${JEDIT} -jar "/usr/share/jedit/jedit.jar" -reuseview $@

安装 游戏 (ScummVM)

sudo apt-get install supertux scummvm
sudo apt-get install beneath-a-steel-sky flight-of-the-amazon-queen

安装 OpenSSH (SSH 服务)

sudo apt-get install openssh-server

• You might also need to send your host-name to your DHCP server.

排除故障

修复声音

参考 http://ubuntuguide.org/#configuresoundproperly.

修复屏幕分辨率

参考 https://wiki.ubuntu.com/FixVideoResolutionHowto 更多信息. 下面是我的配置:

sudo ddcprobe | grep monitorrange

sudo cp /etc/X11/xorg.conf /etc/X11/xorg.conf.backup.sync_and_refresh
sudo gedit /etc/X11/xorg.conf

Section "Monitor"
...
HorizSync          30-96
VertRefresh        50-160
EndSection

修复 Xine's WMV 播放

cp ~/.xine/catalog.cache ~/.xine/catalog.cache.backup
gedit ~/.xine/catalog.cache

[/usr/lib/xine/plugins/1.0.0/xineplug_decode_w32dll.so]
size=173768
mtime=1112804124
type=131
api=15
id=win32a
version=10000
supported_types=50593792 52428800 52822016 ... (long line truncated)
decoder_priority=1

decoder_priority=1

decoder_priority=7

修复 jumpy/skipping/choppy/stuttering CD/DVD 播放

参考 http://ubuntuguide.org/#speedupcddvdrom.

sudo hdparm -d /dev/[device]

sudo hdparm -d1 /dev/[device]
sudo cp /etc/hdparm.conf /etc/hdparm.conf.backup.dma
sudo gedit /etc/hdparm.conf

/dev/[device] {
dma === on
}

修复 "There are differences between boot sector and its backup" 错误

sudo gedit /etc/fstab

/dev/hda1 /media/hda1 vfat defaults,utf8,umask=007,gid=46 0 1

/dev/hda1 /media/hda1 vfat iocharset=utf8,umask=000 0 0

定制

电脑改名

gksudo network-admin

• (可选) 如果你远程访问你的电脑, 你可能需要 tell your DHCP server your host-name.

自定义风格和字体

gnome-theme-manager

gnome-font-properties

重新定义 /home 目录

重要:这个仅仅适用于你移动你的 home 目录到其它驱动器,或者激活其它驱动器上存在的 home 目录.

sudo mkdir /media/new

sudo mount -t ext3 /dev/hdb1 /mnt/new/

sudo mount -t reiserfs -o notail /dev/hdb1 /mnt/new/

sudo cp -R -p /home/[user] /mnt/new/
sudo chown [user]:[user] /mnt/new/[user]
sudo umount /mnt/new/

sudo nano /etc/fstab

/dev/hdb1 /home ext3 defaults,errors=remount-ro 0 2

/dev/hdb1 /home reiserfs defaults,notail 0 2

• Restart Gnome Desktop Manager.

屏蔽 USplash

sudo cp /boot/grub/menu.lst /boot/grub/menu.lst.backup
sudo gedit /boot/grub/menu.lst

kernel          /boot/... root=... ro quiet splash

kernel          /boot/... root=... ro quiet

激活 在启动时的绿色 [ok] 信息

• Disable USplash.

sudo cp /lib/lsb/init-functions /lib/lsb/init-functions.backup
sudo gedit /lib/lsb/init-functions

log_success_msg () {
echo "$@"
}

log_success_msg () {
if log_use_fancy_output; then
GREEN=`$TPUT setaf 2`
NORMAL=`$TPUT op`
echo "$GREEN*$NORMAL $@"
else
echo "$@"
fi
}

重置 Mozilla Firefox 和 Thunderbird 图标

wget -c http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~djm/ubuntu/mozilla-icons/mozilla-firefox.png
wget -c http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~djm/ubuntu/mozilla-icons/document.png
chmod 644 mozilla-firefox.png document.png
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.png
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/default.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/document.png
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.png
sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-firefox.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/default.xpm
sudo cp document.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/icons/document.png
sudo cp mozilla-firefox.png /usr/lib/mozilla-firefox/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm

wget -c http://www.cs.cornell.edu/~djm/ubuntu/mozilla-icons/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
chmod 644 mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-menu.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-pm-menu.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow16.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow.xpm
sudo dpkg-divert --rename /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-menu.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/share/pixmaps/mozilla-thunderbird-pm-menu.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/mozilla-thunderbird.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow16.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/messengerWindow.xpm
sudo cp mozilla-thunderbird.xpm /usr/lib/mozilla-thunderbird/chrome/icons/default/default.xpm

硬件

Mount

sudo mount /dev/hdb1 [mount_point_dir] -t reiserfs -o notail

sudo mount /dev/hdb1 [mount_point_dir] -t ext3 

sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t ntfs -o nls=utf8,umask=0222

sudo mount /dev/hda1 [mount_point_dir] -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,umask=000

sudo mount /media/cdrom0/ -o unhide

sudo modprobe loop
sudo mount file.iso /media/iso/ -t iso9660 -o loop -r

Unmount

sudo umount [mount_point_dir]

sudo umount -l [mount_point_dir]

建立 ISO

sudo umount -l /dev/dvd
sudo mount /dev/dvd

dd if=/dev/[device] of=file.iso bs=1024

mkisofs -o file.iso [dir]

MD5 校验

md5sum file.iso > file.iso.md5

md5sum -c file.iso.md5

增加或者修改缺省的程序

Quick explanation: In order to associate an application (e.g., gThumb Image Viewer), with a file-type (e.g., PNG image files), the application needs to have a "desktop entry" (e.g., gthump.desktop) located in the /usr/share/applications/ directory. Furthermore, the file-type needs to have a mime-type located in the /usr/share/mime/ directory or one of its sub-directories (e.g., /usr/share/mime/images/png.xml). Finally, there should be a line in the /usr/share/applications/defaults.list file that associates the desktop entry with the mime-type (e.g., images/png=gthumb.desktop).

sudo cp /usr/share/applications/defaults.list /usr/share/applications/defaults.list.backup

sudo gedit /usr/share/applications/defaults.list

[mime-type]=[new-app].desktop

ls /usr/share/applications/*.desktop

ls /usr/share/applications/mime/[text|image|...]

killall gnome-panel
killall nautilus

删除 occurences of ^M in Vim

:%s/^M$//g

:%s/^M/ /g

SSH/Remote access

设置 SSH tunneling

See the CFS connectivity page and this example ~/.ssh/config file for information specific to CUCS tunneling.

nano ~/.ssh/config

host [bastion_hostname]
user [bastion_username]
hostname [bastion_hostname].[bastion_domain]
ForwardAgent yes
LocalForward 2001 [target_hostname].[target_domain]:22

host [target_hostname]
user [target_username]
hostname localhost
port 2001

ssh -f -N [bastion_hostname]

ssh [target_hostname]

• (optional) Set up public key authentication.

设置 SSH public key authentication

ssh-keygen -f [key_file] -t dsa

• Append the contents of your [key_file].pub to the server's ~/.ssh/authorized_keys2 file. If you don't have access, email the server's admin.

ssh -i [key_file] [server_name].[server_domain]

cp ~/.ssh/known_hosts ~/.ssh/known_hosts.backup
ssh -N -f [bastion_hostname]
ssh-keyscan -H -t rsa,dsa -p 2001 localhost >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
ssh-keyscan -H -t rsa,dsa -p 2002 localhost >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts
ssh-keyscan -H -t rsa,dsa -p ...  localhost >> ~/.ssh/known_hosts

• (optional) Set up SSH key management so that you only have to enter your passphrase once per session.

SSH key management

The following allows you to set things up so that you only have to enter your SSH key passphrase once per login session.

sudo apt-get install gnome-keyring-manager

ssh-add

ssh-add -D

Reboot (remotely) from Ubuntu into Windows

NOTE: this assumes that you use GRUB to dual boot and that you do NOT use dmraid.

• If you are rebooting a remote computer, first SSH into the remote computer, and then follow the next steps in the remote terminal.

sudo nano /boot/grub/menu.lst

default		0

default		saved

sudo grub-reboot [number]

Reboot (remotely) from Windows into Ubuntu

NOTE: this assumes that you use GRUB to dual boot, and that Ubuntu is the first boot option in /root/grub/menu.lst.

• If you are rebooting a remote computer, first Remote-desktop into the remote computer, and then follow the next step in the remote desktop.

shutdown /r /t 00

Remote desktop to your CUCS computer that is currently running Windows

NOTE: The remote computer must be currently booted in WinXP, so you might have to reboot remotely from Ubuntu to Windows first.

• Configure SSH tunneling for CUCS using the example ~/.ssh/config file. The following assumes that in SSH forwards localhost:2011 to [CUCS_hostname].u.cs.cornell.edu:3389 on lion (as per your ~/.ssh/config file).

ssh -N -f herakles
ssh -N -f lion

rdesktop -r disk:sync=/home/[local_dir] localhost:2011

Access your CUCS home directories via Samba

NOTE: I find that using SFTP is faster and more reliable.

See http://www.cs.cornell.edu/support/Linux/smbmount.htm for additional info.

• Configure SSH tunneling for CUCS using the example ~/.ssh/config file. The following assumes that in SSH forwards localhost:2017 to smb.cs.cornell.edu:139 on lion (as per your ~/.ssh/config file).

ssh -N -f herakles
ssh -N -f lion

smbclient //smb.cs.cornell.edu/win -U [username] -W CUCS -I localhost -p 2017

smbmount //smb.cs.cornell.edu/win [local_dir] -o ip=localhost,port=2017,username=[username],workgroup=CUCS

smbumount [local_dir]

Access your CUCS home directories via SFTP

I find this method faster and more reliable than using Samba.

• Configure SSH tunneling for CUCS using the example ~/.ssh/config file.

ssh -N -f herakles
sftp lion

sftp://lion/home/[user]

sftp://lion/home/WIN/[user]

sftp://lion/home/BIGBOX/[user]

sftp://lion/home/BIGBOX.win/[user]

\\cucs\home\UNIX\[user]

\\cucs\home\Windows\[user]

\\cs.cornell.edu\home\bigbox\[user]

Send host-name to DHCP server

If you have trouble accessing your Ubuntu machine remotely, it might be because the DHCP server needs to be informed of the machine's name.

sudo cp /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf.backup
sudo gedit /etc/dhcp3/dhclient.conf

send "[hostname].[domain]";

• Reboot the computer.

Restart the Gnome Desktop Manager (GDM)

• Close all open programs.

sudo /etc/init.d/gdm restart

Recursively remove files by name

find [dir] -name "*.monkeypoop" -ok rm {} \;

Links

Most of the information on this page comes from the following sources:

• The Ubuntu Dapper Drake 6.06 Guide
• The Official Ubuntu Start Guide
• The Ubuntu Restricted Formats Wiki
• The Ubuntu Forums

You can visit my home page to find out how to contact me with feedback and suggestions for this site.