模板:Ubuntu:Feisty/UbuntuUpdates/zh

Ubuntu Updates

Apt, Software and Package Basics

• Read #General Notes
• Read #How to add extra repositories

Here is some basic information on how to use the Apt package management tools.

• Installing packages

sudo aptitude install <packagename>

Examples:

sudo aptitude install mpd sbackup

• Removing packages

sudo aptitude remove <packagename>

Examples:

sudo aptitude remove mpd sbackup

• Searching for packages

sudo aptitude search <keywords>

Examples:

sudo aptitude search Music MP3
sudo aptitude search "Text Editor"

• Updating Apt database (used after adding/removing Apt repositories)

sudo aptitude update

• Upgrading packages

sudo aptitude upgrade

• Upgrade entire distribution

sudo aptitude dist-upgrade

• Install downloaded Ubuntu (Debian) package (.deb)

sudo dpkg -i package.deb

• Remove Ubuntu (Debian) package

sudo dpkg -r package

• Reconfigure/Repair installed package

sudo dpkg-reconfigure package

Examples:

sudo dpkg-reconfigure mpd

• Handling ".tar.gz" (Tar/GZip) Archives

To extract:

tar xvzf package.tar.gz

To create:

tar cvfz package.tar.gz folder

• Handling ".tar.bz" (Tar/BZip) Archives

To extract:

tar xvjf package.tar.bz

To create:

tar cvjf package.tar.bz folder

• Extracting ".bz" Archives

bunzip2 file.bz

• Extracting ".gz" Archives

gunzip file.gz

• Building from Source

Make sure you have all the neccesary development tools (i.e. libraries, compilers, headers)

sudo aptitude install build-essential
sudo aptitude install linux-headers-`uname -r`

Extract your package (as detailed above)

tar xvzf package.tar.gz

Commence the build process

cd /path/to/extracted/package
./configure
make
make install

If build is successful, consider making an Ubuntu (Debian) package (.deb) for future use:

Install package tools:

sudo aptitude install checkinstall

Rebuild package using "checkinstall":

cd /path/to/extracted/package
./configure
make
checkinstall

Keep the resulting ".deb" file for future use. It can be installed using:

sudo dpkg -i package.deb

Note: These are basic instructions that may not always work. Some packages require additional dependencies and optional parameters to be specified in order to build them successfully.

How to manually update Ubuntu

• Read #General Notes
• Read #How to add extra repositories

sudo aptitude update
sudo aptitude upgrade
sudo aptitude dist-upgrade

OR

Use Update Manager: System -> Administration -> Update Manager