电子学

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{{#ifexist: :电子学/zh | | {{#ifexist: 电子学/zh | | {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:电子学|1|-1|}} | zh | | }} }} }} {{#ifeq: {{#titleparts:电子学|1|-1|}} | zh | | }}

电子学

新立得中有很多工具，你可以用它们来设计模拟，数字或者是径向流电路。gEDA是一套用于设计，仿真电路的组件工具。PCB是用来设计pcb版图布局的工具。gnucap可以用来做仿真，而gWave则可以显示仿真后的波形。gEDA包含很丰富的关于各组件的文档，我这里就不再介绍这些组件。这些文档可以安装使用或者点击下面链接： http://geda.seul.org/wiki/

安装

以下的软件可以通过新立得中的电子学（Universe）来安装，或者通过添加/删除（它们包含在教育类的列表：

• gEDA - 原理图设计和仿真
• PCB - 印刷电路版布局设计
• gWave - 显示电路仿真波形
• gnucap - 电路模拟仿真

配置

当你安装完gEDA後，以下这些修改使系统更容易使用。 ~/.gEDA/gafrc

(component-library "${HOME}/.gEDA/gschem-sym") ; user library path

这仅仅是让系统指向用户指定的元件符号，如果你不定义自己的器件符号，那么就不用更改。如果你下载了以下器件符号，你同样可以把它们放在这里。 ~/.gEDA/gschemrc

(log-window "later") ; disable status window on startup
(image-color "disabled") ; for monochromoe PNG output
(load (string-append gedadatarc "/gschem-lightbg")) ; light background
(load (string-append gedadata "/scheme/auto-uref.scm")) ; load the autonumbering script
(add-hook! add-component-hook auto-uref) ; autonumber when adding a component
(add-hook! copy-component-hook auto-uref) ; autonumber when copying a component

第一个选项去掉那些讨厌的启动对话窗口。第二个选项保持打印输出是黑白的，个人认为这更方便于阅读。屏幕上黑色的背景更容易看，但我更喜欢亮的背景。如果你想要黑色背景则忽略第三个选项。最後一个选项是启动自动编号，当你添加元件的时候，将会自动给它们编上参考的名称。 ~/.gEDA/gnetlistrc

(component-library "${HOME}/.gEDA/gschem-sym") ; user library path
(debug-options (list 'stack 200000)) ; to prevent stack overflow
(eval-options (list 'stack 200000)) ; to prevent stack overflow

须要相同的用户路径，其他选项要指定最大的元件数量以防溢出错误。 ~/.gEDA/project/attribs

value
refdes
Mfr
Mfr_PN
Vendor
Vendor_PN

如果你想让gnetlist生成一份原料清单，这是一个你想显示的属性的列表。如果你想为某个项目创建原料清单，存在于所有的项目所在的目录。This is a list of attributes you want displayed if you ask gnetlist to produce a Bill Of Materials (BOM). Must be found in each project directory, if you want to make BOM's for that project.

电路设计

gEDA的使用很简单，你只需在对话框上点击你想要的器件，再点击你打算在电路图上摆放它们的位置。在Windows下的设计应用程序中，你通过‘电线’来连接这些元件，而在gEDA下，它们被称为‘网’。当你在工具栏中点击与门标志，就会显示‘元件选择’对话框。I do not know about the behavior option listed in the bottom of the box. I have no problems with the default behavior. I do know that the third option will do as it says, it will install the component with each pin and object of the component being selectable and can be modified. Clicking on the blue lines in the toolbar brings up the 'nets' that you can use to connect components. When you are done with the circuit, you can use gattrib to check and modify component attributes or gnetlist to produce SPICE netlists or BOM's. From there you can either use gnucap for simulation or PCB for layout design. The gEDA docs can show how to convert gschem files to pcb layouts.

仿真

你最好阅读那些文档，我在7.10的软件库中找不到SPICE，只能找到oregano，而gnucap是一个不同类型的仿真引擎。

地位级图

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