Quick HOWTO/zh

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关于本页面

这是 Linux 关于联网的主页的大致信息。

Linux Home Networking PDF Chapters

Covers topics needed for Linux software certification exams, such as the RHCE, and many computer training courses. There is also a companion Cisco PDF for home / branch office configurations.

Linux文件服务器项目

The first section of the site. Written for intermediate to advanced users who have just installed Linux on a server at home or in a small office and need to know more about connecting their Linux server to their home network. Linux software topics covered include, basic troubleshooting and network management techniques, methods to make your Linux server become a file server for your Windows PCs, software installation tips and wireless connectivity.

Ch01 Why Host Your Own Site?

• Network Diagram
• Alternatives To Home Linux Hosting
• In-House Web Server Management Considerations
• Factors To Consider Before Linux Hosting Yourself
• How To Migrate From An External Provider

Ch02 Introduction to Networking第二章 介绍网络

• What Is TCP/IP?什么是TCP/IP协议？
• What Do IP Addresses Look Like?IP地址看起来像什么？
• What Is Localhost?什么是localhost？
• What Is A Subnet Mask?什么是子网掩码？
• How Many Addresses Do I Get With My Mask?根据掩码我可以拥有多少地址？
• What's The Range Of Addresses On My Network?我的网络地址的范围是什么？
• What Is Duplex?什么是双工？
• What Is A Hub?什么是集线器?
• What Is A Switch?什么是交换机？
• What Is A LAN?什么是局域网？
• What Is A Router?什么是路由器？
• What Is A Gateway?什么是网关？
• What Is A Route?什么是路由？
• What Is A Default Gateway?什么是默认网关？
• What Is A NIC?什么是NIC？
• What Does The "Link" Light On My NIC Indicate?
• What Is A MAC Address?什么是MAC地址？
• What Is ARP?什么是ARP？
• What Is A DTE?什么是数据终端设备?
• What Is A DCE?什么是数据通信设备？
• What Is A Straight Through / Crossover Cable?什么是直通线和交叉线？
• What Is A Firewall?什么是防火墙？
• What Is NAT?什么是NAT？
• What Is Port Forwarding With NAT?
• What Is DHCP?什么是DHCP？
• What Is DNS?什么是DNS？
• How Can I Check The IP Address For A Domain?如何查出IP地址的属于哪个域？
• How Do I Get My Own DNS Domain Name?如何取得我自己的域名？
• What is FTP?什么是FTP？
• Where is Linux Help?

Ch03 Linux Networking第三章 网络路由

• How To Configure Your NIC's IP Address
• How To Change Your Default Gateway如何改变你的默认网关
• How Configure Two Gateways如何配置两个网关
• How To Delete A Route如何删除一个路由
• How To View Your Current Routing Table如何查看你现在的路由表
• How To Change The Duplex Setting Of Your NIC
• How To Convert Your Linux Server Into A Router如何把你的linux服务器转变为一个路由器
• Configuring Your /etc/hosts File配置你的/etc/hosts文件
• How to configure your NIC for DSL and cable modem Internet connections

Ch04 Simple Network Troubleshooting

• How To See Your ARP Table 怎么看你的ARP列表
  
• Doing Basic Cable and Link Tests  一些基本的连接测试
  
• Testing Your NIC  测试你的网卡
  
• How to See MAC Addresses  怎么看你的MAC地址
  
• Using ping to Test Network Connectivity 使用PING测试网络的连接
  
• Using telnet to Test Network Connectivity 使用TELNET测试网络连接
  
• Testing Web sites with the curl and wget Utilities  用curl和wget测试网站
  
• The netstat Command   netstat命令
  
• The Linux iptables Firewall  linux iptables防火墙
  
• Using traceroute to Test Connectivity 用traceroute来测试连接
  
• Using MTR To Detect Network Congestion 用MTR来测试网络涌堵
  
• Viewing Packet Flows with tcpdump用tcpdump来查看网络封包
  
• Viewing Packet Flows with tethereal用tethereal来查看网络封包
  
• Basic DNS Troubleshooting 基本的dns故障排除
  
• Using nmap 使用nmnap
  
• Determining the Source of an Attack 分析攻击来源
  
• Who Has Used My System? 谁在使用我的系统
  

Ch05 Troubleshooting Linux with syslog 用系统日志来排除故障

• syslog系统日志
  • The /etc/syslog.conf File /etc/sysslog.conf配置文件
    
  • Activating Changes to the syslog Configuration File 系统日志文件的高级配置
    
  • How to View New Log Entries as They Happen 如何查看新产生的日志
    
  • Logging syslog Messages to a Remote Linux Server记录日志到远程服务器上
  • Syslog Configuration and Cisco Network Devices 系统日志的配置和思科网络设备
    
• Logrotate日志轮替
  • The /etc/logrotate.conf File  /etc/logrotate.conf文件
    
  • Sample Contents of /etc/logrotate.conf /etc/logrotate.conf的样本设置
    
  • The /etc/logrotate.d Directory /etc/logrotate.d 目录
    
  • Activating logrotate 激活日志轮替
    
  • Compressing Your Log Files 压缩你的日志文件
    
• syslog-ng 
  • The /etc/syslog-ng/syslog-ng.conf file
  • Installing syslog-ng
  • Configuring syslog-ng Clients
• Simple syslog Security
• Conclusion 结论
  

06章 安装 Linux 软件

• 从哪里得到常用的
• RPMs软件包
• 如何轻松持载并访问RPMs包的数据光盘
• 以FTP为基础通过网络
• 获得RPMs软件包

• 通过命令行匿名访问FTP获得RPMs软件包
• 使用WGET获得
• RPMs软件包 
• 通过yum获得自动更新
• （Yum 是Fedora 常用的在线升级工具，也是软件包管理工具之一）
• 通过Up2date获得自动更新
• 如何安装RPMs包
• 如何安装源RPMs包
• RPM 安装错误
• 如何显示安装好的RPMs包工
• 如何显示
• RPMs包拥有的所有文件夹
• 如何卸载
• RPMs
• 哪个
• RPMs会在开机时被启动?

Ch07 The Linux Boot Process linux的启动过程

• The RedHat Boot Sequence Redhat的启动顺序
  
• Determining The Default Boot runlevel 默认的运行级别
  
• Get A GUI Console Without Changing runlevels 在不改变运行级别的情况下获取一个图形终端
  
• Get A Basic Text Terminal Without Exiting The GUI 在不退出图形界面的情况下获取一个基本的文本终端
  
• Switching runlevels on the fly 
  
• How To Set Which Programs Run At Each runlevel 如何在每一个运行级别上设置启动程序
  

Ch08 Configuring the DHCP Server 配置dhcp服务器

• Download & Install The DHCP Package
• The /etc/dhcp.conf File
• Upgrading Your DHCP Server
• How to get DHCP started
• Modify Your Routes for DHCP on Linux Server
• Configuring Linux clients to use DHCP
• Error Found When Upgrading From Redhat 7.3 To 8.0

Ch09 Linux Users and Sudo linux 用户 和 sudo

• Who Is The Super User?
• How To Add Users
• How To Delete Users
• How To Tell The Groups To Which A User Belongs
• How To Change Your Password
• What is sudo?
• Download & Install The sudo Package
• The visudo command
• The /etc/sudoers File
• How To Use sudo
• Using syslog To Track All sudo Commands

Ch10 Windows, Linux, and Samba Windows,Linux和Samba

• Download and Install Packages
• How To Get SAMBA Started
• The Samba Configuration File
• How SWAT Makes Samba Simpler
• Creating A Starter Configuration
• Fine Tuning The Configuration
• How To Create A Samba PDC Administrator User
• How To Add Workstations To Your Samba Domain
• How To Add Users To Your Samba Domain
• Domain Groups And Samba
• How To Delete Users From Your Samba Domain

Ch11 Sharing Resources with Samba 用Samba来共享资源

• Adding A Printer To A Samba PDC
• Creating Group Shares in SAMBA
• Windows Drive Sharing With Your SAMBA Server

Ch12 Samba Security and Troubleshooting Samba的安全和排障

• Testing The smb.conf file
• Samba and Firewall Software - iptables, Zone Alam, Windows XP Firewall
• Testing Basic Client / Server Network Connectivity
• Testing Samba Client / Server Connectivity
• Checking the Samba Logs
• Samba Network Troubleshooting
• Basic Samba Security

Ch13 Linux Wireless Networking linux的无线配置

• Wireless Linux Compatible NICs
• Common Wireless Networking Terms
• Networking With Linux Wireless-Tools
• Configuring 802.11g with Linux Incompatible NICs (With an NDIS wrapper example)
• Compiling ndiswrapper
• Networking With Linux-WLAN
• Linux-WLAN Preparation
• Installing The Linux-WLAN Drivers
• Post Installation Steps
• Linux-WLAN Encryption For Security
• Troubleshooting Your Wireless LAN
• Wireless Networks In Businesses
• Conclusion

The Linux Website Project linux Website项目

This section builds upon the introduction to networking and software installation topics of "Inside The Home". Covers all the major topics required to make your home network house your very own website using a dedicated server. Topics covered include firewalls, DNS, email and Apache, the most popular Linux web server software.

这一部分是建立在网络路由和软件安装等“Inside The Home”之上的，

Ch14 Linux Firewalls Using iptables

• What Is iptables?
• Using iptables as part of your web server management security plan
• Download And Install The Iptables Package
• How To Get iptables Started
• Packet Processing In iptables
• Iptables Packet Flow Diagram
• Processing For Packets Routed By The Firewall
• Packet Processing For Data Received By The Firewall
• Packet Processing For Data Sent By The Firewall
• Targets And Jumps
• Descriptions Of The Most Commonly Used Targets
• Important Iptables Command Switch Operations
• General Iptables Match Criteria
• Common TCP and UDP Match Criteria
• Common ICMP (Ping) Match Criteria
• Common Match Extensions Criteria
• Using User Defined Chains
• Sample iptables Scripts
  • Basic Initialization
  • Allowing DNS Access To Your Firewall
  • Allowing WWW And SSH Access To Your Firewall
  • Allowing Your Firewall To Access The Internet
  • Allow Your Home Network To Access The Firewall
  • IP Masquerade
  • Regular Masquerading (Many to One Network Address Translation)
  • Port Forwarding Type NAT
  • Static NAT
• Logging & Troubleshooting

Ch15 Linux FTP Server Setup

• FTP Overview
• Problems with FTP and firewalls
• How To Download And Install The VSFTP Package
• How To Get VSFTP Started
• Testing To See If VSFTP Is Running
• What Is Anonymous FTP?
• The /etc/vsftpd.conf File
• FTP Security Issues

Ch16 Telnet, TFTP, and xinetd

• Telnet
• TFTP

Ch17 Secure Remote Logins and File Copying

• Using Secure Shell As A Replacement For Telnet
• Testing To See If SSH Is Running
• The etc/ssh/sshd_config File
• Using SSH To Login To A Remote Machine
• What You Should Expect To See When You Log In
• Deactivating Telnet once SSH is installed
• Using SCP as a more secure replacement for FTP
• Copying files using SCP without a password

Ch18 Configuring DNS

• What Is DNS?
• What Is BIND?
• How DNS is critical to Web Hosting
• When To Use A DNS Caching Name Server
• When To Use A Regular DNS Server
• How To Download & Install The BIND Packages
• How To Get BIND Started
• Configuring A Caching Name Server
• Configuring A Regular Name Server
• DHCP Considerations For DNS

Ch19 Dynamic DNS

• What Is DNS?
• What Is Dynamic DDNS?
• Dynamic DNS And NAT Router/Firewalls
• Dynamic DNS Prerequisites
• Installing And Using ez-ipupdate
• Installing And Using DDclient
• Testing Your Dynamic DNS

Ch20 The Apache Web Server

• Preparation Before Configuring Apache
• Download & Install The Apache Package
• How To Get Apache Started
• Configuring DNS For Apache
• General Configuration Steps
• File Permissions And Apache
• Single IP Address - Two Sites
• Apache Running On A Server Behind A Firewall
• How To Protect Web Page Directories With Passwords
• Issues When Upgrading To Apache 2.0

Ch21 Configuring Linux Mail Servers

• Configuring Sendmail
  • How Sendmail Works
  • Installing Sendmail
  • Starting Sendmail
  • How To Restart Sendmail After Editing Your Configuration Files
  • The /etc/mail/sendmail.mc File
  • Configuring DNS for sendmail
  • How To Configure Linux Sendmail Clients
  • Converting From a Mail Client to a Mail Server
  • The /etc/mail/relay-domains File
  • The /etc/mail/access File
  • The /etc/mail/local-host-names File
  • Which User Should Really Receive The Mail?
  • Sendmail Masquerading Explained
  • Using Sendmail to Change the Sender's Email Address
  • Troubleshooting Sendmail
• Fighting SPAM
  • Using Public SPAM Blacklists With Sendmail
  • Spamassassin
  • Rules du Jour
  • Greylisting
  • A Simple PERL Script To Help Stop SPAM
• Configuring Your POP Mail Server
  • Installing Your POP Mail Server
  • Starting Your POP Mail Server
  • How To Configure Your Windows Mail Programs
  • Configuring Secure POP Mail
  • How to handle overlapping email addresses.
  • Troubleshooting POP Mail

Ch22 Monitoring Server Performance

• SNMP
  • What is SNMP?
  • Doing SNMP Queries
  • SNMP on a Linux Server
  • SNMP On Other Devices
  • Different SNMP Versions
• MRTG
  • What is MRTG?
  • How MRTG Helps With Web Server Management
  • A Typical MRTG Server Bandwidth Graph
  • Download and Install The MRTG Packages
  • MRTG Differences Between Fedora and RedHat 9
  • Configuring MRTG
  • Configuring Apache To Work With MRTG
  • Using MRTG To Monitor Other Subsystems
  • Troubleshooting MRTG
  • Fedora Core 1 MRTG Errors With Net-SNMP
  • Indexmaker MRTG_LIB Errors With RedHat 9 and 8.0
  • Precedence Bitwise Error With RedHat 9
• Webalizer
  • What Is Webalizer?
  • How To View Your Webalizer Statistics
  • The Webalizer Configuration File
  • Make Webalizer run in Quiet Mode
• TOP
• VMSTAT

Ch23 Advanced MRTG for Linux

• Locating And Viewing The Contents Of MIBs
• Differences In MIB And MRTG Terminology
• The CPU And Memory Monitoring MIB
• The TCP/IP Monitoring MIB
• Manually Configuring Your MRTG File
• Parameter Formats
• Legend Parameters
• Options Parameters
• Title Parameters
• Scaling Parameters
• Defining The MIB Target Parameters
• Comparing Two MIB Values
• Mapping MIBs To The Graph Legends
• Plotting Only One MIB Value
• Adding MIB Values Together For a Graph
• Sample Target: Total CPU Usage
• Sample Target: Memory Usage
• Sample Target: Newly Created Connections
• Sample Target: Total TCP Established Connections
• Sample Target: Disk Partition Usage
• Defining Global Variables
• Implementing Advanced Server Monitoring
• A Complete Sample Configuration
• Testing The Configuration
• Creating A New MRTG Index Page To Include This File
• Configuring CRON To Use The New MRTG File

Ch24 The NTP Server

• What is NTP?
• Download & Install The NTP Package
• The /etc/ntp.conf File
• How To Get NTP Started
• Determining If NTP Is Synchronized Properly
• Configuring Cisco Devices To Use An NTP Server
• Firewalls and NTP

Advanced Linux Topics

The final Linux section of the Linux Home Networking Series. Focuses on the needs of the expert home user and IT professionals in small to medium sized businesses that require advanced Linux server software management help.

Ch25 Network-Based Linux Installation

• Setting Up The Installation Server
• Creating Boot Diskettes
• The Network Installation
• Troubleshooting The Network Installation
• Automating Installation With Redhat Kickstart

Ch26 Linux Software RAID

• RAID Types
• Before You Start
• Configuring Software RAID

Ch27 Expanding Disk Capacity

• LVM Terminologies
• Configuring LVM Devices

Ch28 Managing Disk Usage with Quotas

• Setting Up Quotas
• Other Quota Topics

Ch29 Remote Disk Access with NFS

• Installing NFS
• How To Get NFS Started
• The /etc/exports File
• Activating Modifications The Exports File
• NFS And DNS
• Configuring The NFS Client
• Other NFS Considerations

Ch30 Configuring NIS

• Scenario
• Configuring The NIS Server
• Configuring The NIS Client
• Adding New NIS Users
• Configuring The NIS Client

Ch31 Centralized Logins Using LDAP and RADIUS

• The LDAP Database Structure
• Scenario
• Configuring The LDAP Server
• Configuring The LDAP Client

Ch32 Controlling Web Access with Squid

• Download and Install The Squid Package
• The /etc/squid/squid.conf File
• Configuring Web Browsers To Use Your Squid Server
• How To Get Squid Started
• Squid And Firewalls
• Squid Disk Usage
• Troubleshooting Squid
• Other Squid Capabilities

Ch33 Modifying the Kernel to Improve Performance

• Download and Install The Kernel Sources Package
• Kernel Modules
• Creating A Custom Kernel
• Updating GRUB
• Creating A Boot Diskette For The New Kernel
• Updating The Kernel Using RPMs

Ch34 Basic MySQL Configuration

• Installing MySQL
• Starting MySQL
• A Common Fedora MySQL Startup Error
• The Location of MySQL Databases
• Creating a MySQL "root" Account
• Accessing The MySQL Command Line
• Creating and Deleting MySQL Databases
• Recovering Your MySQL Root Password
• MySQL Granting Privileges to Users
• MySQL Database Backup
• MySQL Database Restoration
• Very Basic MySQL Network Security

Ch35 Configuring Linux VPNs

• Installing and configuring Openswan and /or FreeS/WAN

Ap01 Miscellaneous Linux Topics

• Linux Security With TCP Wrappers
• Adjusting Kernel Parameters
• Running Linux Without A Monitor
• Make Your Linux Box Emulate A VT100 Dumb Terminal
• VPN Terminologies
• TCP/IP Packet Format
• ICMP Codes

Ap02 Codes, Scripts, and Configurations

• Subnet Calculator Script
• Apache File Permissions Script
• Sendmail SPAM Filter Script
• IPtables Basic Initialization Script
• IPtables Firewall As A Webserver Script
• IPtables IP Masquerading Script
• IPtables Port Forwarding Script
• IPtables Complex script
• DNS Zone File For my-site.com
• DNS Zone File For my-other-site.com
• Forward Zone File For A Home Network Using NAT
• Reverse Zone File For A Home Network Using NAT
• Sendmail Sample /etc/mail/access File
• Sendmail Sample /etc/aliases File
• Sendmail Sample /etc/mail/local-host-names File
• Sendmail Sample /etc/mail/sendmail.mc File
• Sendmail Sample /etc/mail/virtusertable File*

Ap03 Fedora Version Differences

• FTP Differences
• DHCP Differences
• DNS Differences
• Routing Differences
• Iptables Differences
• Software Installation Differences
• Wireless Networking Differences

Ap04 syslog Configuration and Cisco Devices

• Cisco Routers
• Catalyst CAT Switches running CATOS
• Cisco Local Director
• Cisco PIX Filewalls
• Cisco CSS11000 (Arrowpoints)
• The Sample Cisco syslog.conf File

Miscellaneous Linux Topics (Non PDF)

I've placed some additional chapters here covering topics like "Network Device Configuration Backups" that are not part of the Linux PDF set.

Ch1 : Network Backups With Rancid

• Introduction
• Rancid Installation
• Initial Rancid Configuration
• Rancid File Locations
• Rancid File Locations
• The Rancid router.db file
• Various device types for Rancid
• The Rancid .clogin.rc file
• Testing Rancid
• Testing A Login for a Single Device
• Testing For All Devices
• Troubleshooting Using the Rancid Log Files
• Successful Execution
• Possible Reasons for Failure
• Getting Rancid Help
• Conclusion